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arXiv 1706.05902cs.CC
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基于泛代数的约束满足的时间复杂度

Time Complexity of Constraint Satisfaction via Universal Algebra

Peter Jonsson, Victor Lagerkvist, Biman Roy

摘要:

指数时间假设(ETH)指出3-SAT在次指数时间内不可解,即对于任意c > 1,在O(c^n)时间内不可解,其中n表示变量的数量。像k-SAT这样的问题可以被看作是约束满足问题(CSP)的特殊情况,CSP是确定一组约束是否可满足的问题。本文研究了NP完全CSP的最坏情况时间复杂度。我们的主要兴趣是在CSP问题参数化的约束语言伽玛(CSP(伽玛)),以及如何选择伽玛影响的时间复杂度。CSP(Gamma)被认为是可处理的或NP-完全的,代数CSP二分法猜想基于约束语言的代数性质给出了这两类的清晰描述。在这个猜想和ETH下,我们首先排除了有限域NP完全CSP(Gamma)问题的次指数算法的存在性。这一结果也扩展到某些无限域CSP和结构限制CSP(伽马)问题。然后,我们开始研究NP完全CSP的复杂性,其中允许任意限制单个变量的值,这是CSP的一个非常好的研究子类。对于有限域D上的CSP,我们证明了一个关系SD,使得(1)CSP({SD})是NP-完全的,(2)如果D上的CSP(Gamma)是NP-完全的且在O(c ^n)时间内可解,则CSP({SD})也是O(c^n)时间内可解的.因此,CSP的时间复杂度({SD})是该特定种类的所有CSP的下限。我们还证明了CSP({SD})的复杂度随着|D|的增加而降低,除非ETH为假。这意味着,例如,对于每个c>1,存在一个有限域Gamma,使得CSP(Gamma)是NP完全的,并且在O(c^n)时间内可解。

英文摘要:

The exponential-time hypothesis (ETH) states that 3-SAT is not solvable in subexponential time, i.e. not solvable in O(c^n) time for arbitrary c > 1, where n denotes the number of variables. Problems like k-SAT can be viewed as special cases of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), which is the problem of determining whether a set of constraints is satisfiable. In this paper we study thef worst-case time complexity of NP-complete CSPs. Our main interest is in the CSP problem parameterized by a constraint language Gamma (CSP(Gamma)), and how the choice of Gamma affects the time complexity. It is believed that CSP(Gamma) is either tractable or NP-complete, and the algebraic CSP dichotomy conjecture gives a sharp delineation of these two classes based on algebraic properties of constraint languages. Under this conjecture and the ETH, we first rule out the existence of subexponential algorithms for finite-domain NP-complete CSP(Gamma) problems. This result also extends to certain infinite-domain CSPs and structurally restricted CSP(Gamma) problems. We then begin a study of the complexity of NP-complete CSPs where one is allowed to arbitrarily restrict the values of individual variables, which is a very well-studied subclass of CSPs. For such CSPs with finite domain D, we identify a relation SD such that (1) CSP({SD}) is NP-complete and (2) if CSP(Gamma) over D is NP-complete and solvable in O(c^n) time, then CSP({SD}) is solvable in O(c^n) time, too. Hence, the time complexity of CSP({SD}) is a lower bound for all CSPs of this particular kind. We also prove that the complexity of CSP({SD}) is decreasing when |D| increases, unless the ETH is false. This implies, for instance, that for every c>1 there exists a finite-domain Gamma such that CSP(Gamma) is NP-complete and solvable in O(c^n) time.

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