H. Ansari-Toroghy, F. Farshadifar
In this paper, we will introduce two generalizations of second submodules of a module over a commutative ring and explore some basic properties of these classes of modules.
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Let R be a commutative ring with identity, S be a multiplicatively closed subset of R, and let M be an R-module. In this paper, we introduce the notion of S-2-absorbing second submodules of M as a generalization of S-second submodules and strongly 2-absorbing second submodules of M. We investigate some properties of this class of submodules. Also, we obtain some results concerning S-2-absorbing submodules of M.
Let R be a commutative ring, M an R-module. In this paper, we will introduce the concept of n-pure submodules of M as a generalization of pure submodules and obtain some related results.
Let R be a commutative ring with identity, S be a multiplicatively closed subset of R, and let M be an R-module. The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of S-secondary submodules of M as a generalization of secondary submodules of M and investigate some properties of this class of submodules.
Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be an R-module. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate the notion of strongly ψ-2-absorbing second submodules of M as a generalization of strongly 2-absorbing second and ψ-second submodules of M.
Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be an R-module. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the notion of $ψ$-second submodules of an R-module M.
In this paper, we will introduce the concept of classical (resp. strongly classical) 2-absorbing second submodules of modules over a commutative ring as a generalization of 2-absorbing (resp. strongly 2-absorbing) second submodules and investigate some basic properties of these classes of modules.
In this paper, we introduce the concepts of strongly 2-absorbing primary ideals (resp., submodules) and strongly 2-absorbing ideals (resp., submodules) as generalizations of strongly prime ideals. Furthermore, we investigate some basic properties of these classes of ideals.
Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be an R-module. In this paper, we will introduce the concept of 2-irreducible (resp., strongly 2- irreducible) submodules of M as a generalization of irreducible (resp., strongly irreducible) submodules of M and investigated some properties of these classes of modules.
In this paper, we will introduce the concept of 2-absorbing (resp. strongly 2-absorbing) secondary submodules of modules over a commutative ring as a generalization of secondary modules and investigate some basic properties of these classes of modules.
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. Let $R$ be a $G$-graded commutative ring and $M$ a graded $R$-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded classical and graded strongly classical 2-absorbing second submodules of graded modules over a graded commutative rings. A number of results concerning these classes of graded submodules and their homogeneous components are given.
Survey on second submodules of modules over commutative rings
本文综述了交换环上模的第二子模概念及其相关研究进展，旨在为该领域研究者提供系统化的参考资料。
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. Let $R$ be a $G$-graded commutative ring and $M$ a graded $R$-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded primary-like submodules as a new generalization of graded primary ideals and give some basic results about graded primary-like submodules of graded modules. Special attention has been paid, when graded submodules satisfies the gr-primeful property, to find extra properties of these graded submodules.
In this article, all rings are commutative with nonzero identity. Let $M$ be an $R$-module. A proper submodule $N$ of $M$ is called a classical prime submodule, if for each $m\in M$ and elements $a,b\in R$, $abm\in N$ implies that $am\in N$ or $bm\in N$. We introduce the concept of "classical 2-absorbing submodules" as a generalization of "classical prime submodules." We say that a proper submodule $N$ of $M$ is a classical 2-absorbing submodule if whenever $a,b,c\in R$ and $m\in M$ with $abcm\in N$, then $abm\in N$ or $acm\in N$ or $bcm\in N$.
Let $R$ be a graded commutative ring with non-zero unity $1$ and $M$ be a graded unitary $R$-module. In this article, we introduce the concepts of graded $ϕ$-$2$-absorbing and graded $ϕ$-$2$-absorbing primary submodules as generalizations of the concepts of graded $2$-absorbing and graded $2$-absorbing primary submodules. Let $GS(M)$ be the set of all graded $R$-submodules of $M$ and $ϕ: GS(M)\rightarrow GS(M)\bigcup\{\emptyset\}$ be a function. A proper graded $R$-submodule $K$ of $M$ is said to be a graded $ϕ$-$2$-absorbing $R$-submodule of $M$ if whenever $x, y$ are homogeneous elements of …
The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of graded $2$-absorbing coprimary submodules as a generalization of graded strongly $2$-absorbing second submodules, and explore some properties of this class. A non-zero graded $R$-submodule $N$ of a graded $R$-module $M$ is called a graded $2$-absorbing coprimary $R$-submodule if whenever $x, y$ are homogeneous elements of $R$ and $K$ is a graded $R$-submodule of $M$ such that $xyN\subseteq K$, then either $x$ or $y$ is in the graded radical of $(K :_{R} N)$ or $xy\in Ann_{R}(N)$. Several results have been achieved.
In this study, we aim to introduce the concept of a 1-absorbing prime submodule of an unital module over a commutative ring with a non-zero identity. Let M be an R-module and N be a proper submodule of M. For all non-unit elements a, b in R and m in M if abm in N, either ab in (N : M) or m in N, then N is called 1-absorbing prime submodule of M. We show that the new concept is a generalization of prime submodules at the same time it is a kind of special 2-absorbing submodule. In addition to some properties of a 1-absorbing prime submodule, we obtain a characterization of it in a multiplication…
Submodules having the same generalized prime ideal factorization
本文研究了Noetherian环上子模的广义素理想分解，探讨了子模交集分解条件及分解与Ann(M/N)的关系。
In this paper, we give a generalization for weakly primary submodules called $I$-primary submodule and we study some properties of it. We give some characterizations of $I$-primary submodules. Also we establish the situation of $I$-primary submodules in module localizations and decomposition modules.
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$, $R$ be a commutative $G$-graded ring with unity $1$ and $M$ be a $G$-graded unital $R$-module. In this article, we introduce the concept of graded $1$-absorbing prime submodule. A proper graded $R$-submodule $N$ of $M$ is said to be a graded $1$-absorbing prime $R$-submodule of $M$ if for all non-unit homogeneous elements $x, y$ of $R$ and homogeneous element $m$ of $M$ with $xym\in N$, either $xy\in (N :_{R} M)$ or $m\in N$. We show that the new concept is a generalization of graded prime submodules at the same time it is a special graded $2$-absorbing su…
$ϕ$-$δ$-$S$-primary submodule
本文引入并研究了$ϕ$-$δ$-$S$-准素子模，作为$ϕ$-$δ$-准素子模和素子模的推广，将已有主要结果推广至一般框架，并证明了包含$K$的$R$-模$M$与商模$\ rac{M}{K}$的该类子模集合间存在一一对应关系。
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. Let $R$ be a $G$-graded commutative ring with identity and $M$ a graded $R$-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded $I_{e}$-prime submodule as a generalization of a graded prime submodule for $I=\oplus_{g\in G}I_{g}$ a fixed graded ideal of $R$. We give a number of results concerning of these classes of graded submodules and their homogeneous components. A proper graded submodule $N$ of $M$ is said to be a graded $I_{e}$-prime submodule of $M$ if whenever $% r_{g}\in h(R)$ and $m_{h}\in h(M)$ with $r_{g}m_{h}\in N-I_{e}N,$ then either $r_…
Some graphs related to submodules of a module
本文针对交换环上的模，定义并研究以非零真子模为顶点的第二子模交图 SSI(M) 与素子模和图 PSS(M)，并给出二者的邻接判据。
This paper has been subsumed as section 2 of our joint paper posted in June 2012.
Let $M$ be a non-zero module over an associative (not necessarily commutative) ring. In this paper, we investigate the so-called \emph{second} and \emph{coprime} submodules of $M.$ Moreover, we topologize the spectrum $% \mathrm{Spec}^{\mathrm{s}}(M)$ of second submodules of $M$ and the spectrum $% \mathrm{Spec}^{\mathrm{c}}(M)$ of coprime submodules of $M,$ study several properties of these spaces and investigate their interplay with the algebraic properties of $M.$
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. Let $R$ be a $G$-graded commutative ring, $M$ a graded $R$-module and $A\subseteq h(R)$ a multiplicatively closed subset of $R$. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded $A$-2-absorbing submodules of $M$ as a generalization of graded 2-absorbing submodules and graded $A$-prime submodules of $M.$ We investigate some properties of this class of graded submodules.
This paper is concerned with S-co-m modules which are a generalization of co-m modules. In section 2, we introduce the S-small and S-essential submodules of a unitary $R$-module $M$ over a commutative ring $R$ with $1\neq 0$ such that S is a multiplicatively closed subset of $R$. We prove that if $M$ is an S-co-m module satisfying the S-DAC and $N\leq M$, then $N\leq ^{S}_{e}M$ if and only if there exists $I\ll ^{S}R$ such that $s(0:_{M}I)\leq N\leq (0 :_{M}I)$ for some $s\in S$. Let $M$ be a faithful S-strong co-m $R$-module. We prove that if $N\ll ^{S}M$ then there exists an ideal $I\leq ^{S…
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$ and $R$ a commutative $G$-graded ring with a nonzero unity $1$. In this article, we introduce the concepts of graded $r$-submodules and graded special $r$-submodules, which are generalizations for the notion of graded r-ideals. For a nonzero $G$-graded $R$-module $M$, a proper graded $R$-submodule $K$ of $M$ is said to be graded $r$-submodule (resp., graded special $r$-submodule) if whenever $a\in h(R)$ and $x\in h(M)$ such that $ax\in K$ with $Ann_{M}(a)=\{0\}$ (resp., $Ann_{R}(x)=\{0\}$), then $x\in K$ (resp., $a\in (K:_{R}M)$). We study various propertie…
In this article, we introduce the concepts of graded $s$-prime submodules which is a generalization of graded prime submodules. We study the behavior of this notion with respect to graded homomorphisms, localization of graded modules, direct product, and idealization. We succeeded to prove the existence of graded $s$-prime submodules in the case of graded-Noetherian modules. Also, we provide some sufficient conditions for the existence of such objects in the general case, as well as, in the particular case of grading by $\mathbb{Z}$, a finite group, or a polycyclic-by-finite group, in addition…
Let R be be a commutative ring with identity and S be a multiplicatively closed subset of R. In this article we introduce the concepts of S-coidempotent submodules and fully S-coidempotent R-modules as generalizations of coidempotent submodules and fully coidempotent R-modules. We explore some basic properties of these classes of R-modules.
On 2-absorbing submodules and their Amalgamations
本文研究了素子模推广的2-吸收子模，给出了其基本刻画，并利用同构与同态探讨了融合模中2-吸收子模的判定条件。
Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $M$ a non-zero $R$-module. We introduce the class of \emph{pseudo strongly hollow submodules} (\emph{PS-hollow submodules}, for short) of $M$. Inspired by the theory of modules with \emph{secondary representations}, we investigate modules which can be written as \emph{finite} sums of PS-hollow submodules. In particular, we provide existence and uniqueness theorems for the existence of \emph{minimal} PS-hollow strongly representations of modules over Artinian rings.
For commutative rings with identity, we introduce and study the concept of semi $r$-ideals which is a kind of generalization of both $r$-ideals and semiprime ideals. A proper ideal $I$ of a commutative ring $R$ is called semi $r$-ideal if whenever $a^{2}\in I$ and $Ann_{R}(a)=0$, then $a\in I$. Several properties and characterizations of this class of ideals are determined. In particular, we investigate semi $r$-ideal under various contexts of constructions such as direct products, localizations, homomorphic images, idealizations and amalagamations rings. We extend semi $r$-ideals of rings to …
Let $R$ be a $G$ graded commutative ring and $M$ be a $G$-graded $R$-module. The set of all graded second submodules of $M$ is denoted by $Spec_G^s(M)$ and it is called the graded second spectrum of $M$. In this paper, we discuss graded rings with Noetherian graded prime spectrum and obtain some conclusions. In addition, we introduce the notion of the graded Zariski socle of graded submodules and explore their properties. Using these conclusions and properties, we also investigate $Spec_G^s(M)$ with the Zariski topology from the viewpoint of being a Noetherian space and give some related outco…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $M$ an $R$-module. Let $Spec^s(M)$ be the the collection of all second submodules of $M$. In this article, we consider a new topology on $Spec^s(M)$, called the second classical Zariski topology, and investigate the interplay between the module theoretic properties of $M$ and the topological properties of $Spec^s(M)$. Moreover, we study $Spec^s(M)$ from point of view of spectral space.
Let $R$ be a $G$-graded ring. In this article, we introduce two new concepts on graded rings, namely, weakly graded rings and invertible graded rings, and we discuss the relations between these concepts and several properties of graded rings. Also, we study the concept of weakly crossed products and study some properties defined on weakly crossed product and give the relationship between this new concept and several properties of graded rings. Moreover, in this article, we give a generalization for the concept of graded essential submodules, and introduce the concept of graded semi-uniform mod…
Motivated by the Pontryagin-Hill criteria of freeness for abelian groups, we investigate conditions under which unions of ascending chains of projective modules are again projective. Several extensions of these criteria are proved for modules over arbitrary rings and domains, including a genuine generalization of Hill's theorem for projective modules over Prüfer domains with a countable number of maximal ideals. More precisely, we prove that, over such domains, modules which are unions of countable ascending chains of projective, pure submodules are likewise projective.
In this article, we introduce and study S-comultiplication module which is the dual notion of S-multiplication module.We also characterize certain class of rings-modules such as comultiplication modules,S-second submodules,S-prime ideals,S-cyclic modules in terms of S-comultiplication modules.
Let R be a commutative ring with identity and Specs(M) denote the set all second submodules of an R-module M. In this paper, we construct and study a sheaf of modules, denoted by O(N; M), on Specs(M) equipped with the dual Zariski topology of M, where N is an R-module. We give a characterization of the sections of the sheaf O(N; M) in terms of the ideal transform module. We present some interrelations between algebraic properties of N and the sections of O(N; M). We obtain some morphisms of sheaves induced by ring and module homomorphisms.
Motivated by Hill's criterion of freeness for abelian groups, we investigate conditions under which unions of ascending chains of balanced-projective modules over integral domains are again balanced-projective. Our main result establishes that, in order for a torsion-free module to be balanced-projective, it is sufficient that it be the union of a countable, ascending chain of balanced-projective, pure submodules. The proof reduces to the completely decomposable case, and it hinges on the existence of suitable families of submodules of the links in the chain. A Shelah-Eklof-type result for the…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring. We investigate $R$-modules which can be written as \emph{finite} sums of {\it {second}} $R$-submodules (we call them \emph{second representable}). We provide sufficient conditions for an $R$-module $M$ to be have a (minimal) second presentation, in particular within the class of lifting modules. Moreover, we investigate the class of (\emph{main}) \emph{second attached prime ideals} related to a module with such a presentation.
A summation is a shift-invariant ${\rm R}$-module homomorphism from a submodule of ${\rm R}[[σ]]$ to ${\rm R}$ or another ring. [11] formalized a method for extending a summation to a larger domain by telescoping. In this paper, we revisit telescoping, we study multiplicative closures of summations (such as the usual summation on convergent series) that are not themselves multiplicatively closed, and we study rational extensions as a generalization of telescoping.
We introduce the notion of E-depth of graded modules over polynomial rings to measure the depth of certain Ext modules. First, we characterize graded modules over polynomial rings with (sufficiently) large E-depth as those modules whose (sufficiently) partial general initial submodules preserve the Hilbert function of local cohomology modules supported at the irrelevant maximal ideal, extending a result of Herzog and Sbarra on sequentially Cohen-Macaulay modules. Second, we describe the cone of local cohomology tables of modules with sufficiently high E-depth, building on previous work of the …
In this note, we establish conditions under which the union of an increasing sequence of completely decomposable modules over domains are again completely decomposable. In our investigation, the condition of purity of modules is crucial. In fact, the main result reported in this work states that a module is completely decomposable when it is the union of a countable, ascending chain of completely decomposable, pure submodules, providing thus a generalization of Hill's criterion of freeness from abelian group theory.
Let \fa be an ideal of a local ring (R,\fm) and M a finitely generated R-module. This paper concerns the notion \fgrade(\fa,M), the formal grade of M with respect to \fa (i.e. the least integer i such that {\vpl}_nH^i_{\fm}(M/\fa^n M)\neq 0). We show that \fgrade(\fa,M)\geq \depth M-\cd_{\fa}(M), and as a result, we establish a new characterization of Cohen-Macaulay modules. As an application of this characterization, we show that if M is Cohen-Macaulay and L a pure submodule of M with the same support as M, then \fgrade(\fa,L)=\fgrade(\fa,M). Also, we give a generalization of the Hochster-Eag…
Uniformly S-pseudo-injective modules
本文研究了均匀S伪注入模块的性质，证明了u-S准注入与u-S伪注入之间的等价关系，并引入了与QI环相关的两类环。
We study Zariski-like topologies on a proper class $X\varsubsetneqq L$ of a complete lattice $\mathcal{L}=(L,\wedge ,\vee ,0,1)$. We consider $X$ with the so called classical Zariski topology $(X,τ^{cl})$ and study its topological properties (e.g. the separation axioms, the connectedness, the compactness) and provide sufficient conditions for it to be $\textit{spectral}$. We say that $\mathcal{L}$ is $X$\emph{-top} iff% \begin{equation*} τ:=\{X\backslash V(a)\mid a\in L\},\text{ where }V(a)=\{x\in L\mid a\leq x\} \end{equation*}% is a topology. We study the interplay between the \textit{algebr…
Hilbert functions over the exterior algebra and f-vectors in higher rank I: Amata-Crupi monomial modules, Kozlov polytopes, and r-vectors of simplicial complexes
该论文将 Kozlov 关于单纯复形 f-向量凸包的定理推广到外代数上分次自由模的商模 Hilbert 函数，证明其凸包为 r 个 Kozlov 单纯形的 Minkowski 和，并给出自包含证明及顶点结构刻画。
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