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arXiv 1602.05946cond-mat.str-elmath-phmath.MP
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在位对称玻色子和费米子系统2+ 1维拓扑序和SPT序的分类

Classification of 2+1D topological orders and SPT orders for bosonic and fermionic systems with on-site symmetries

Tian Lan, Liang Kong, Xiao-Gang Wen

摘要:

带隙量子液体(GQL)包括拓扑有序态(具有长程纠缠)和对称保护拓扑态(具有短程纠缠)。本文提出了2+1D玻色子和费米子系统的GQL分类:具有有限在位对称性的2+ 1D玻色子/费米子GQL在对称融合范畴(SFC)$\cal E$(简称$\text{UMTC}_{/\cal E}$)上用非简并么正编织融合范畴及其模扩张和总手征中心荷进行分类. SFC $\cal E$是玻色子对称性$G$的$\text{Rep}(G)$,或费米子对称性$G^f$的$\text{sRep}(G^f)$。作为上述结果的一个特例,我们发现$\text{Rep}(G)$的模扩张可将2+1D玻色子SPT对称态$G$分类,而$\text{sRep}(G^f)$的$c=0$模扩张可将2+1D费米子SPT对称态$G^f$分类.基于自由费米子模型的构造,我们研究了许多费米子SPT态。但目前尚不清楚自由费米子结构是否能产生所有的费米子SPT态。我们的分类没有这样的缺点。我们发现,对于相互作用的2+1D费米子系统,正好有16个超导相,没有对称性和分数激发(直到$E_8$玻色子量子霍尔态)。另外,我们还证明了具有相同体激发和中心电荷的两个拓扑序总是由于具有相同对称性的SPT态的叠加而不同,并证明了这两个拓扑序中存在8个$Z_2\times Z_2^f$ -SPT相和2个$Z_8^f$ -SPT相.

英文摘要:

Gapped quantum liquids (GQL) include both topologically ordered states (with long range entanglement) and symmetry protected topological (SPT) states (with short range entanglement). In this paper, we propose a classification of 2+1D GQL for both bosonic and fermionic systems: 2+1D bosonic/fermionic GQLs with finite on-site symmetry are classified by non-degenerate unitary braided fusion categories over a symmetric fusion category (SFC) $\cal E$, abbreviated as $\text{UMTC}_{/\cal E}$, together with their modular extensions and total chiral central charges. The SFC $\cal E$ is $\text{Rep}(G)$ for bosonic symmetry $G$, or $\text{sRep}(G^f)$ for fermionic symmetry $G^f$. As a special case of the above result, we find that the modular extensions of $\text{Rep}(G)$ classify the 2+1D bosonic SPT states of symmetry $G$, while the $c=0$ modular extensions of $\text{sRep}(G^f)$ classify the 2+1D fermionic SPT states of symmetry $G^f$. Many fermionic SPT states are studied based on the constructions from free-fermion models. But it is not clear if free-fermion constructions can produce all fermionic SPT states. Our classification does not have such a drawback. We show that, for interacting 2+1D fermionic systems, there are exactly 16 superconducting phases with no symmetry and no fractional excitations (up to $E_8$ bosonic quantum Hall states). Also, there are exactly 8 $Z_2\times Z_2^f$-SPT phases, 2 $Z_8^f$-SPT phases, and so on. Besides, we show that two topological orders with identical bulk excitations and central charge always differ by the stacking of the SPT states of the same symmetry.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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