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arXiv 1111.6995math-phmath.MP
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量子物理中的有效演化方程

Effective Evolution Equations in Quantum Physics

Benjamin Schlein

摘要:

本文综述了从多体量子力学导出有效演化方程的一些最新数学结果。特别是,我们讨论了出现的Hartree方程在所谓的平均场制度(例如,系统的引力玻色子),我们表明,Gross-Pitaevskii方程近似的动力学最初被困的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体。我们解释如何有效的演化方程可以得到,一方面,通过分析所谓的BBGKY系列,描述约化密度矩阵的时间演化,另一方面,通过研究相干初始态的动力学在Fock空间表示的多体系统。

英文摘要:

In these notes, we review some recent mathematical results concerning the derivation of effective evolution equations from many body quantum mechanics. In particular, we discuss the emergence of the Hartree equation in the so-called mean field regime (for example, for systems of gravitating bosons), and we show that the Gross-Pitaevskii equation approximates the dynamics of initially trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. We explain how effective evolution equations can be derived, on the one hand, by analyzing the so called BBGKY hierarchy, describing the time-evolution of reduced density matrices, and, on the other hand, by studying the dynamics of coherent initial states in a Fock-space representation of the many body system.

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