It is well known that in every inverse semigroup the binary operation and the unary operation of inversion satisfy the following three identities: [\quad x=(xx')x \qquad \quad (xx')(y'y)=(y'y)(xx') \qquad \quad (xy)z=x(yz"). ] The goal of this note is to prove the converse, that is, we prove that an algebra of type $<2,1>$ satisfying these three identities is an inverse semigroup and the unary operation coincides with the usual inversion on such semigroups.
As an appropriate generalisation of the features of the classical (Schein) theory of representations of inverse semigroups in $\mathscr{I}_{X}$, a theory of representations of inverse semigroups by homomorphisms into complete atomistic inverse algebras is developed. This class of inverse algebras includes partial automorphism monoids of entities such as graphs, vector spaces and modules. A workable theory of decompositions is reached; however complete distributivity is required for results approaching those of the classical case.
A regular ordered semigroup $S$ is called right inverse if every principal left ideal of $S$ is generated by an $\mathcal{R}$-unique ordered idempotent. Here we explore the theory of right inverse ordered semigroups. We show that a regular ordered semigroup is right inverse if and only if any two right inverses of an element $a\in S$ are $\mathcal{R}$-related. Furthermore, different characterizations of right Clifford, right group-like, group like ordered semigroups are done by right inverse ordered semigroups. Thus a foundation of right inverse semigroups has been developed.
The purpose of this paper is to study the generalization of inverse semigroups (without order). An ordered semigroup S is called an inverse ordered semigroup if for every a 2 S, any two inverses of a are H-related. We prove that an ordered semigroup is complete semilattice of t-simple ordered semigroups if and only if it is completely regular and inverse. Furthermore characterizations of inverse ordered semigroups have been characterized by their ordered idempotents.
We prove that if $S$ is an $E$-solid locally inverse semigroup, and $ρ$ is an inverse semigroup congruence on $S$ such that the idempotent classes of $ρ$ are completely simple semigroups then $S$ is embeddable into a $λ$-semidirect product of a completely simple semigroup by $S/ρ$. Consequently, the $E$-solid locally inverse semigroups turn out to be, up to isomorphism, the regular subsemigroups of $λ$-semidirect products of completely simple semigroups by inverse semigroups.
We define and study the notion of a crossed module over an inverse semigroup and the corresponding $4$-term exact sequences, called crossed module extensions. For a crossed module $A$ over an $F$-inverse monoid $T$, we show that equivalence classes of admissible crossed module extensions of $A$ by $T$ are in a one-to-one correspondence with the elements of the cohomology group $H^3_\le(T^1,A^1)$.
In this paper we discuss graph inverse semigroups which are constucted from a directed graphs and study several interesting properties of graph inverse semigroups such as the nature of its idempotents, the structure of semilattice of idempotents and the like. A necessary and sufficient condition on directed graphs to have the corresponding graph inverse semigroups are primitive inverse semigroups is provided. Further the general form of elements in local submonoids of the graph inverse semigroups and the Green s relations in graph inverse semigroups in graph theoretic terms are also described
We study two classes of inverse semigroups built from directed graphs, namely graph inverse semigroups and a new class of semigroups that we refer to as Leavitt inverse semigroups. These semigroups are closely related to graph $C^*$-algebras and Leavitt path algebras. We provide a topological characterization of the universal groups of the local submonoids of these inverse semigroups. We study the relationship between the graph inverse semigroups of two graphs when there is a directed immersion between the graphs. We describe the structure of graphs that admit a directed cover or directed imme…
As part of his study of representations of the polycylic monoids, M.V. Lawson described all the closed inverse submonoids of a polycyclic monoid $P_n$ and classified them up to conjugacy. We show that Lawson's description can be extended to closed inverse subsemigroups of graph inverse semigroups. We then apply B. Schein's theory of cosets in inverse semigroups to the closed inverse subsemigroups of graph inverse semigroups: we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a closed inverse subsemigroup of a graph inverse semigroup to have finite index, and determine the value of the index when …
In a group $G$, elements $a$ and $b$ are conjugate if there exists $g\in G$ such that $g^{-1} ag=b$. This conjugacy relation, which plays an important role in group theory, can be extended in a natural way to inverse semigroups: for elements $a$ and $b$ in an inverse semigroup $S$, $a$ is conjugate to $b$, which we will write as $a\sim_{\mathrm{i}} b$, if there exists $g\in S^1$ such that $g^{-1} ag=b$ and $gbg^{-1} =a$. The purpose of this paper is to study the conjugacy $\sim_{\mathrm{i}}$ in several classes of inverse semigroups: symmetric inverse semigroups, free inverse semigroups, McAlli…
Inverse graph semigroups were defined by Ash and Hall in 1975. They found necessary and sufficient conditions for the semigroups to be congruence free. In this paper we give a description of congruences on a graph inverse semigroup in terms of the underlying graph. As a consequence, we show that the inverse graph semigroup of a finite graph is congruence Noetherian.
We show that all of the Schützenberger complexes of an Adian inverse semigroup are finite if the Schützenberger complex of every positive word is finite. This enables us to solve the word problem for certain classes of Adian inverse semigroups (and hence for the corresponding Adian semigroups and Adian groups).
Congruences on a graph inverse semigroup were recently described in terms of the underline graph. Based on such descriptions, we show that the lattice of congruences on a graph inverse semigroup is upper semimodular but not lower semimodular.
We continue the study of permutations of a finite regular semigroup that map each element to one of its inverses, providing a complete description in the case of semigroups whose idempotent generated subsemigroup is a union of groups. We show, in two ways, how to construct an involution matching on the semigroup of all transformations which either preserve or reverse orientation of a finite cycle. Finally, by way of application, we prove that finite full transformation semigroups have no cover by inverse semigroups that is closed under intersection.
This paper introduces a notion of presentation for locally inverse semigroups and develops a graph structure to describe the elements of locally inverse semigroups given by these presentations. These graphs will have a role similar to the role that Cayley graphs have for group presentations or that Schützenberger graphs have for inverse monoid presentations. However, our graphs have considerable differences with the latter two, even though locally inverse semigroups generalize both groups and inverse semigroups. For example, the graphs introduced here are not `inverse word graphs'. Instead, th…
An algebra has the Howson property if the intersection of any two finitely generated subalgebras is finitely generated. A simple necessary and sufficient condition is given for the Howson property to hold on an inverse semigroup with finitely many idempotents. In addition, it is shown that any monogenic inverse semigroup has the Howson property.
We give a simple construction involving partial actions which permits us to obtain an easy proof of a weakened version of L. O'Carroll's theorem on idempotent pure extensions of inverse semigroups.
For any graph inverse semigroup $G(E)$ we describe subsemigroups $D^0=D\cup\{0\}$ and $J^0=J\cup\{0\}$ of $G(E)$ where $D$ and $J$ are arbitrary $\mathcal{D}$-class and $\mathcal{J}$-class of $G(E)$, respectively. In particular, we prove that for each $\mathcal{D}$-class $D$ of a graph inverse semigroup over an acyclic graph the semigroup $D^0$ is isomorphic to a semigroup of matrix units. Also we show that for any elements $a,b$ of a graph inverse semigroup $G(E)$, $J_a\cdot J_b\cup J_b\cdot J_a\subset J_b^0$ if there exists a path $w$ such that $s(w)\in J_a$ and $r(w)\in J_b$.
Let Γ be a directed graph and Inv(Γ) be the graph inverse semigroup of Γ. Luo and Wang [7] showed that the congruence lattice C(Inv(Γ)) of any graph inverse semigroup Inv(Γ) is upper semimodular, but not lower semimodular in general. Anagnostopoulou-Merkouri, Mesyan and Mitchell characterized the directed graph Γ for which C(Inv(Γ)) is lower semimodular [2]. In the present paper, we show that the lower semimodularity, modularity and distributivity in the congruence lattice C(Inv(Γ)) of any graph inverse semigroup Inv(Γ) are equivalent.
This paper enriches the list of known properties of congruence sequences starting from the universal relation and successively performing the operators lower $k$ and lower $t$. Two series of inverse semigroups, namely $\ker{α_n}$-is-Clifford semigroups and $β_n$-is-over-$E$-unitary semigroups, are investigated. Two congruences, namely $α_{n+2}$ and $β_{n+2}$, are found to be the least $\ker{α_n}$-is-Clifford and least $β_n$-is-over-$E$-unitary congruences on $S$, respectively. A new system of implications is established for the quasivarieties of inverse semigroups induced by the min network.
We introduce a preorder on an inverse semigroup $S$ associated to any normal inverse subsemigroup $N$, that lies between the natural partial order and Green's ${\mathscr J}$-relation. The corresponding equivalence relation $\simeq_N$ is not necessarily a congruence on $S$, but the quotient set does inherit a natural ordered groupoid structure. We show that this construction permits the factorisation of any inverse semigroup homomorphism into a composition of a quotient map and a star-injective functor, and that this decomposition implies a classification of congruences on $S$. We give an appli…
We investigate the question as to when the members of a finite regular semigroup may be permuted in such a way that each member is mapped to one of its inverses. In general this is not possible. However we reformulate the problem in terms of a related graph and, using an application of Hall's Marriage Lemma, we show in particular that the finite full transformation semigroup does enjoy this property.
We describe the structure of $E-$dense acts over $E-$dense semigroups in an analogous way to that for inverse semigroup acts over inverse semigroups. This is based, to a large extent, on the work of Schein on representations of inverse semigroups by partial one-to-one maps. We consider an application to the discrete log problem in cryptography as well as an application to the same problem using completely regular semigroups.
Locally inverse semigroups are regular semigroups whose idempotents form pseudo-semilattices. We characterise the categories that correspond to locally inverse semigroups in the realm of Nambooripad's cross-connection theory. Further, we specialise our cross-connection description of locally inverse semigroups to inverse semigroups and completely 0-simple semigroups, obtaining structure theorems for these classes. In particular, we show that the structure theorem for inverse semigroups can be obtained using only one category, quite analogous to the Ehresmann-Schein-Nambooripad Theorem; for com…
We study the path category of an inverse semigroup admitting unique maximal idempotents and give an abstract characterization of the inverse semigroups arising from zigzag maps on a left cancellative category. As applications we show that every inverse semigroup is Morita equivalent to an inverse semigroup of zigzag maps and hence the class of Cuntz-Krieger $C^*$-algebras of singly aligned categories include the tight $C^*$-algebras of all countable inverse semigroups, up to Morita equivalence.
This is an overview of the basics of inverse semigroup theory written for the Workshop on Semigroups and Categories held at the University of Ottawa in 2010.
Two types of recurrence sets are introduced for inverse semigroup partial actions in topological spaces. We explore their connections with similar notions for related types of imperfect symmetries (prefix inverse semigroup expansions, partial group and groupoid actions).
For a given inverse semigroup, one can associate an étale groupoid which is called the universal groupoid. Our motivation is studying the relation between inverse semigroups and associated étale groupoids. In this paper, we focus on congruences of inverse semigroups, which is a fundamental concept to consider quotients of inverse semigroup. We prove that a congruence of an inverse semigroup induces a closed invariant set and a normal subgroupoid of the universal groupoid. Then we show that the universal groupoid associated to a quotient inverse semigroup is described by the restriction and quo…
In this paper we show that polycyclic monoids are universal objects in the class of graph inverse semigroups. In particular, we prove that a graph inverse semigroup $G(E)$ over a directed graph $E$ embeds into the polycyclic monoid $\mathcal{P}_λ$ where $λ=|G(E)|$. We show that each graph inverse semigroup $G(E)$ admits the coarsest inverse semigroup topology $τ$. Moreover, each injective homomorphism from $(G(E),τ)$ to the $(\mathcal{P}_{|G(E)|},τ)$ is a topological embedding.
