Jose M. Espinar, Isabel Fernandez
Following ideas of Choe and Fernandez-do Carmo, we give sufficient conditions for a disk type surface, with piecewise smooth boundary, to be totally umbilical for a given Coddazi pair. As a consequence, we obtain rigidity results for surfaces in space forms and in homogeneous product spaces that generalizes some known results.
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The purpose of this paper is to classify totally umbilical slant submanifolds of a Kenmotsu manifold. We prove that a totally umbilical slant submanifold $M$ of a Kenmotsu manifold $\bar M$ is either invariant or anti-invariant or $dim M=1$ or the mean curvature vector $H$ of $M$ lies in the invariant normal subbundle. Moreover, we find with an example that every totally umbilical proper slant submanifold is totally geodesic.
We obtain an exhaustive classification of totally umbilical surfaces in unimodular and non-unimodular simply-connected 3-dimensional Lie groups endowed with arbitrary left-invariant Riemannian metrics. This completes the classification of totally umbilical surfaces in homogeneous Riemannian 3-manifolds.
In this paper, by studying the position of umbilical normal vectors in the normal bundle, we prove that pseudo-umbilical totally real submanifolds with flat normal connection in non-flat complex space forms must be minimal.
We present classifications of totally geodesic and totally umbilical Legendrian submanifolds of $(κ,μ)$-spaces with Boeckx invariant $I \leq -1$. In particular, we prove that such submanifolds must be, up to local isometries, among the examples that we explicitly construct.
We discuss two kinds of almost contact metric structures on a one-parameter family of totally umbilical hyperspheres in the nearly Kaehler unit 6-sphere.
We study non-degenerate, totally umbilical surfaces of a special class of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, namely Walker three-manifolds. We show that such surfaces are either one of a totally geodesic family described by Calvaruso and Van der Veken or the ambient manifold must be locally conformally flat (here the surface can also be totally geodesic). The proof makes use of a key technique deployed by Manzano and Soaum in their recent classification of totally umbilical surfaces in homogeneous Riemannian three-manifolds.
The aim of this short article is to investigate the possibility of existence of totally umbilical isometric immersions in R^3 with isothermal parametrization and harmonic metric.
We prove that a Riemannian product of type M x R (where R denotes the Euclidean line) admits totally umbilical hypersurfaces if and only if M has locally the structure of a warped product and we give a complete description of the totally umbilical hypersurfaces in this case. Moreover, we give a necessary and sufficient condition under which a Riemannian three-manifold carrying a unit Killing field admits totally geodesic surfaces and we study local and global properties of three-manifolds satisfying this condition.
The present paper is a continuation of our previous work, where a class of half lightlike submanifolds of almost contact B-metric manifolds was introduced. We study curvature properties of totally and screen totally umbilical such submanifolds as well as of the corresponding semi-Riemannian submanifolds with respect to the associated B-metric.
A totally umbilical submanifold in pseudo-Riemannian manifolds is a fundamental notion, which is characterized by the condition that the second fundamental form is proportional to the metric. It is also a generalization of the notion of a totally geodesic submanifold. In this paper, we classify congruent classes of full totally umbilical submanifolds in non-flat pseudo-Riemannian space forms, and consider their moduli spaces. As a consequence, we show that some moduli spaces of isometric immersions between space forms which one of the same constant curvature are non-Hausdorff.
In this article we classify the totally umbilical surfaces which are immersed into a wide class of Riemannian manifolds having a structure of warped product, more precisely, we show that a totally umbilical surface immersed into the warped product $\mathbb{M}(κ)_f\times I$ (here, $\mathbb{M}(κ)$ denotes the 2-dimensional space form, having constant curvature $κ$, $I$ an interval and $f$ the warping function) is invariant by an one-parameter group of isometries of the ambient space. We also find the first integral of the ordinary differential equation that the profile curve satisfies (we mean, …
Under some dimension restrictions, we prove that totally umbilical hypersurfaces of Spin$^c$ manifolds carrying a parallel, real or imaginary Killing spinor are of constant mean curvature. This extends to the Spin$^c$ case the result of O. Kowalski stating that, every totally umbilical hypersurface of an Einstein manifold of dimension greater or equal to $3$ is of constant mean curvature. As an application, we prove that there are no extrinsic hypersheres in complete Riemannian Spin manifolds of non-constant sectional curvature carrying a parallel, Killing or imaginary Killing spinor.
Given a Riemannian manifold $M,$ and an open interval $I\subset\mathbb{R},$ we characterize nontrivial totally umbilical hypersurfaces of the product $M\times I$ -- as well as of warped products $I\times_ωM$ -- as those which are local graphs built on isoparametric families of totally umbilical hypersurfaces of $M.$ By means of this characterization, we fully extend to $\mathbb{S}^n\times\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^n\times\mathbb{R}$ the results by Souam and Toubiana on the classification of totally umbilical hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}.$ I…
In this paper we study curvature properties of semi-symmetric type of totally umbilical radical transversal lightlike hypersurfaces $(M,g)$ and $(M,\widetilde g)$ of a Kähler-Norden manifold $(\overline M,\overline J,\overline g,\overline {\widetilde g})$ of constant totally real sectional curvatures $\overline ν$ and $\overline {\widetilde ν}$ ($g$ and $\widetilde g$ are the induced metrics on $M$ by the Norden metrics $\overline g$ and $\overline {\widetilde g}$,respectively). We obtain a condition for $\overline {\widetilde ν}$ (resp. $\overline ν$) which is equivalent to each of the follow…
$H$-umbilicity was introduced as an analogue of total umbilicity for Lagrangian submanifolds since, in some relevant cases, totally umbilical Lagrangian submanifolds are automatically totally geodesic. In this paper, we show that in the homogeneous nearly Kähler $\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3$, also $H$-umbilical Lagrangian submanifolds are automatically totally geodesic.
In this note, we give a geometric characterization of the compact and totally umbilical hypersurfaces that carry a non trivial locally static Killing Initial Data (KID). More precisely, such compact hypersurfaces have constant mean curvature and are isometric to one of the following manifolds: (i) Sn the standard sphere, (ii) a finite quotient of a warped product of a circle with a compact Einstein manifold of positive scalar curvature. In particular, these hypersurfaces have harmonic curvature and strictly positive constant scalar curvature.
A Characterization of Curves that Lie on a Totally Umbilical Surface of a Space Form
该研究刻画了空间形式$\boldsymbol{\rm H}^3$和$\boldsymbol{\rm S}^3$中位于全脐点曲面上的正则曲线，给出其曲率与挠率的充要条件，还得到常挠率曲线的曲率值并展示数值图像。
In the present note, first we derive an intrinsic inequality for Pseudo-umbilical spacelike submanifold in an indefinite space form. We use this inequality to show that such submanifold is totally geodesic. In the rest part of this paper, using a result of Aiyama [1], we prove that Pseudo-umbilical spacelike subamnifold is totally umbilical.
On Umbilical Real Hypersufaces of Products of Complex Space Forms
研究复空间形式积中的脐实超曲面的刚性与不存在性，证明无局部积结构的超曲面形算子不平行，分类显示具有局部几乎积结构的超曲面必为全测地或内蕴超球面。
Parallel and totally umbilical hypersurfaces of the four-dimensional Thurston geometry $\text{Sol}^4_0$
本研究针对四维Thurston几何$\text{Sol}^4_0$的超曲面展开，完成了第二基本形式为Codazzi张量的超曲面及全脐超曲面的完整分类，同时借助两个可积复结构给出了该几何黎曼曲率张量的闭合表达式。
Given a geodesic line $γ$ the hyperbolic space $\mathbb H^n$ we formulate a necessary and sufficient condition for a function along this geodesic which measure the mean curvature of totally umbilical leaves of a foliation orthogonal to $γ$. Then we extend the result to $γ$ being a hypercycle i.e. a geodesic on a hypersurface equidistant from the totally geodesic one.
Doubly Totally-Umbilical Statistical Submanifolds in the Probability Simplex
本文在概率单纯形中完全分类了双全脐统计子流形，这是信息几何中统计子流形理论的一个重要问题。
We prove that a totally umbilical biharmonic surface in any $3$-dimensional Riemannian manifold has constant mean curvature. We use this to show that a totally umbilical surface in Thurston's 3-dimensional geometries is proper biharmonic if and only if it is a part of $S^2(1/\sqrt{2})$ in $S^3$. We also give complete classifications of constant mean curvature proper biharmonic surfaces in 3-dimensional geometries and in 3-dimensional Bianchi-Cartan-Vranceanu spaces, and a complete classifications of proper biharmonic Hopf cylinders in 3-dimensional Bianchi-Cartan-Vranceanu spaces.
A Constrained Mean Curvature Flow On Capillary Hypersurface Supported On Totally Geodesic Plane
针对双曲空间中支撑于全测地超平面的毛细超曲面，本文提出新的 Minkowski 型公式并构造保体积约束平均曲率流，证明其长时间存在、一致收敛到 θ-全脐帽，并验证该帽在固定体积下极小化能量。
$f$-Biharmonic hypersurfaces into a conformally flat space
本文研究共形平坦及非正曲率流形中的 $f$-双调和超曲面，证明全脐情形的非紧性与极小性，并构造、分类相关曲面及高维真 $f$-双调和子流形。
A spacelike surface in four-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski spacetime through the lightcone has a meaningful lightlike normal vector field $η$. Several sufficient assumptions on such a surface with non-degenerate $η$-second fundamental form are established to prove that it must be a totally umbilical round sphere. With this aim, a new formula which relates the Gauss curvatures of the induced metric and of the $η$-second fundamental form is developed. Then, totally umbilical round spheres are characterized as the only compact spacelike surfaces through the lightcone such that its $η$-second funda…
We derive total mean curvature integration formulae of a three co-dimensional foliation $\mathcal{F}^{n}$ on a screen integrable half-lightlike submanifold, $M^{n+1}$ in a semi-Riemannian manifold $\overline{M}^{n+3}$. We give generalized differential equations relating to mean curvatures of a totally umbilical half-lightlike submanifold admitting a totally umbilical screen distribution, and show that they are generalizations of those given by [4].
In \cite{Luo}, the present author proved that if $L$ is a contact stationary Legendrian surface in $\mathbb{S}^5$ with the canonical Sasakian structure and the square length of its second fundamental form belongs to $[0,2]$. Then we have that $L$ is either totally umbilical or is a flat minimal Legendrian torus. In this addendum we further prove that if $L$ is a totally umbilical contact stationary Legendrian surface in $\mathbb{S}^5$ , then $L$ is totally geodesic.
On biharmonic conformal hypersurfaces
本文研究了共形超曲面的双调和性质，证明了在特定条件下共形因子必须为等参数函数，并展示了某些超曲面在特定空间形式中的双调和浸入性。
On the invariant trajectories of lightlike paths near central potential singularities in semi-Riemannian manifolds of index 2
本文探讨了三维半黎曼流形中完全脐子流形上null螺旋的几何性质，通过分析null弗莱内框架和退化度量条件，推导出表征null螺旋的方程和不变量，为相关理论提供新贡献。
It is known that the totally umbilical hypersurfaces in the (n+1)-dimensional spheres are characterized as the only hypersurfaces with weak stability index 0. That is, a compact hypersurface with constant mean curvature, cmc, in S^{n+1}, different from an Euclidean sphere, must have stability index greater than or equal to 1. In this paper we prove that the weak stability index of any non-totally umbilical compact hypersurface M\subset S^{n+1} with cmc cannot take the values 1,2,3... n.
We give a full classification of higher order parallel surfaces in three-dimensional homogeneous spaces with four-dimensional isometry group, i.e. in the so-called Bianchi-Cartan-Vranceanu family. This gives a positive answer to a conjecture formulated in 2002. As a partial result, we prove that totally umbilical surfaces only exist if the space is a Riemannian product of a surface of constant Gaussian curvature and the real line, and we give a local parametrization of all totally umbilical surfaces.
In this paper we consider some properties of the three-dimensional homogeneous SO(2)-isotropic Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we determine the geodesics, the totally geodesic surfaces, the totally umbilical surfaces and the geodesics of the rotational surfaces.
Classification results for totally real surfaces of nearly Kähler $\mathbb{C}P^3$
本文在多种附加条件下对近凯勒 $\mathbb{C}P^3$ 中的全实曲面进行了完全分类，涵盖外蕴齐性、极小、全脐及 Codazzi 型等情形，并给出多个新例子。
Characterizations of umbilical hypersurfaces by partially overdetermined problems in space forms
研究空间形式中 Serrin 型部分超定问题对脐超曲面的刚性刻画，将齐次 Robin 边界条件推广为非齐次，从而把接触角从正交推广到任意 $\theta\in(0,\pi)$。
The Riemannian product $\mathbb M_1(c_1) \times \mathbb M_2(c_2)$, where $\mathbb M_i(c_i)$ denotes the $2$-dimensional space form of constant sectional curvature $c_i \in \mathbb R$, has two different Spin$^c$ structures carrying each a parallel spinor. The restriction of these two parallel spinor fields to a $3$-dimensional hypersurface $M$ characterizes the isometric immersion of $M$ into $\mathbb M_1(c_1) \times \mathbb M_2(c_2)$. As an application, we prove that totally umbilical hypersurfaces of $\mathbb M_1(c_1) \times \mathbb M_1(c_1)$ and totally umbilical hypersurfaces of $\mathbb M_…
We give a complete classification of umbilical submanifolds of arbitrary dimension and codimension of $\Sf^n\times \R$, extending the classification of umbilical surfaces in $\Sf^2\times \R$ by Rabah-Souam and Toubiana as well as the local description of umbilical hypersurfaces in $\Sf^n\times \R$ by Van der Veken and Vrancken. We prove that, besides small spheres in a slice, up to isometries of the ambient space they come in a two-parameter family of rotational submanifolds whose substantial codimension is either one or two and whose profile is a curve in a totally geodesic $\Sf^1\times \R$ o…
Constant mean curvature disks with circular boundary in the $3$-sphere and in hyperbolic space
该文证明三维球面或双曲空间中边界为圆的紧致浸入常平均曲率圆盘必为嵌入的全脐圆盘。
Second Eigenvalue Estimates and Spectral Rigidity for Submanifolds of Compact Rank-One Symmetric Spaces
该研究针对紧射影空间及凯莱射影平面上的闭子流形，建立薛定谔算子第二特征值的上界，推导普适估计，证明等式对应全脐子流形，确定达界的全测地例子。
A spacelike surface S immersed in a 4-dimensional Lorentzian manifold will be said to be umbilical along a direction N normal to S if the second fundamental form along N is proportional to the first fundamental form of S. In particular, S is pseudo-umbilical if it is umbilical along the mean curvature vector field H, and (totally) umbilical if it is umbilical along all possible normal directions. The possibility that the surface be umbilical along the unique normal direction orthogonal to H --- "ortho-umbilical" surface--- is also considered. I prove that the necessary and sufficient condition…
We classify totally geodesic and parallel hypersurfaces of four-dimensional non-reductive homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds.
Some rigidity results on compact hypersurfaces with capillary boundary in Hyperbolic space
本文证明了双曲空间中毛细超曲面的Heintze-Karcher不等式，仅在完全脐曲超曲面时成立，并应用该结果证明了嵌入毛细超曲面的Alexandrov型定理，还证明了在双曲空间中支撑于全测地平面的毛细超曲面的其他刚性结果。
Totally geodesic submanifolds of the homogeneous nearly Kähler 6-manifolds and their G2-cones
本文分类齐性近凯勒6维流形及其G2锥的全测地子流形，开发相关新技术，还得到单连通齐性空间中带自交的全测地子流形的例子。
We show that a simply connected Riemannian homogeneous space M which admits a totally geodesic hypersurface F is isometric to either (a) the Riemannian product of a space of constant curvature and a homogeneous space, or (b) the warped product of the Euclidean space and a homogeneous space, or (c) the twisted product of the line and a homogeneous space (with the warping/twisting function given explicitly). In the first case, F is also a Riemannian product; in the last two cases, it is a leaf of a totally geodesic homogeneous fibration. Case (c) can alternatively be characterised by the fact th…
We classify Riemannian surfaces admitting associated families in three dimensional homogeneous spaces with four-dimensional isometry groups and in a wide family of (semi-Riemannian) warped products, with an extra natural condition (namely, rotating structure vector field). We prove that, provided the surface is not totally umbilical, such families exist in both cases if, and only if, the ambient manifold is a product and the surface is minimal. In particular, there exists no associated families of surfaces with rotating structure vector field in the Heisenberg group.
We study the Bonnet problem for surfaces in 4-dimensional space forms, where two isometric surfaces have the same mean curvature if there exists a parallel vector bundle isometry between their normal bundles that preserves the mean curvature vector fields. We deal with the moduli space of congruence classes of isometric surfaces with the same mean curvature, and with properties inherited on a surface by its structure. The study of this problem led us to a new conformally invariant property, called isotropic isothermicity, that coincides with the usual concept of isothermicity for surfaces lyin…
We consider a complete, totally umbilical hypersurface $M$ of Riemannian space $(\hat{R}^n, \hat{g})$ induced by a Minkowski space $(R^n, F)$. Under certain conditions we prove that $M$ is isometric to a "round" hypersphere of the $(n + 1)-$dimensional Euclidean space. We also prove that the Minkowski norm $F$ must be arised from an inner product if there exist a non-zero vector field, which is parallel according to Levi-Civita connection of the metric tensor $\hat{g}$.
We discuss existence and classification of totally umbilic surfaces in the model geometries of Thurston and the Berger spheres. We classify such surfaces in $H^2 \times R$, $S^2 \times R$ and the Sol group. We prove nonexistence in the Berger spheres and in the remaining model geometries other than the space forms.
Hypersurfaces of any homogeneous $\mathbb{C}P^3$
本文在任意齐性 $\mathbb{C}P^3$（含近凯勒情形）中分类了外在齐性超曲面和 Hopf 超曲面，并证明 Codazzi 型、全脐及常截面曲率超曲面均不存在。
On any spacelike surface in a lightcone of four dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space a distinguished smooth function is considered. It is shown how both extrinsic and intrinsic geometry of such a surface is codified by this function. The existence of a local maximum is assumed to decide when the spacelike surface must be totally umbilical, deriving a Liebmann type result. Two remarkable families of examples of spacelike surfaces in a lightcone are explicitly constructed. Finally, several results which involve the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator of a compact spacelike surface in a light…
On the stability of Killing cylinders in hyperbolic space
本文研究双曲3-空间中Killing柱面作为毛细管表面的稳定性，在多种全脐支撑曲面上显式计算Jacobi算子的Morse指标，并证明Delaunay曲面可由测地平面上的Killing柱面分岔得到。
Hopf fibrations and totally geodesic submanifolds
本文分类 Hopf-Berger 球面中的全测地子流形，并揭示仅在正曲率情形出现的实射影空间、等距非全等及非外蕴齐性等特殊例子。
The consideration of the so-called rotation minimizing frames allows for a simple and elegant characterization of plane and spherical curves in Euclidean space via a linear equation relating the coefficients that dictate the frame motion. In this work, we extend these investigations to characterize curves that lie on a geodesic sphere or totally geodesic hypersurface in a Riemannian manifold of constant curvature. Using that geodesic spherical curves are normal curves, i.e., they are the image of an Euclidean spherical curve under the exponential map, we are able to characterize geodesic spher…
In this work we study the existence of homogeneous Einstein metrics on the total space of homogeneous fibrations such that the fibers are totally geodesic manifolds. We obtain the Ricci curvature of an invariant metric with totally geodesic fibers and some necessary conditions for such a metric to be Einstein in terms of Casimir operators. Some particular cases are studied, for instance, for normal base or fiber, symmetric fiber, Einstein base or fiber, for which the Einstein equations are manageable. We show the existence of new invariant Einstein metrics on homogeneous bisymmetric fibrations…
On minimal homogeneous submanifolds of the hyperbolic space up to codimension two
本文研究双曲空间中余维数不超过二的齐次极小子流形，证明维数 n≥5 时此类子流形必为全测地子流形。
In this paper, we prove gap results for constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces. Firstly, we find a natural inequality for CMC surfaces which imply convexity for distance function. We then show that if $Σ$ is a complete, properly embedded CMC surface in the Euclidean space satisfying this inequality, then $Σ$ is either a sphere or a right circular cylinder. Next, we show that if $Σ$ is a free boundary CMC surface in the Euclidean 3-ball satisfying the same inequality, then either $Σ$ is a totally umbilical disk or an annulus of revolution. These results complete the picture about gap theorems f…
This paper introduces a complex representation for spacelike surfaces in the Lorentz-Minkowski space $L^4$, based in two complex valued functions which can be assumed to be holomorphic or anti-holomorphic. When the immersion is contained in quadrics of $L^4$, the representation then allows us to obtain interesting partial differential equations with holomorphic or anti-holomorphic parameters, within which we find the partial Riccati Equation. Using then theory of holomorphic complex functions we construct explicitly new local solutions for those PDEs together with its associated geometric solu…
We classify totally geodesic submanifolds of Damek-Ricci spaces and show that they are either homogeneous (such submanifolds are known to be "smaller" Damek-Ricci spaces) or isometric to rank-one symmetric spaces of negative curvature. As a by-product, we obtain that a totally geodesic submanifold of any known harmonic manifold is by itself harmonic. We prove that the Cayley hyperbolic plane admits no Einstein hypersurfaces and that the only Einstein hypersurfaces in the Cayley projective plane are geodesic spheres of a particular radius; this completes the classification of Einstein hypersurf…
We consider a homogeneous fibration $G/L \to G/K$, with symmetric fiber and base, where $G$ is a compact connected semisimple Lie group and $L$ has maximal rank in $G$. We suppose the base space $G/K$ is isotropy irreducible and the fiber $K/L$ is simply connected. We investigate the existence of $G$-invariant Einstein metrics on $G/L$ such that the natural projection onto $G/K$ is a Riemannian submersion with totally geodesic fibers. These spaces are divided in two types: the fiber $K/L$ is isotropy irreducible or is the product of two irreducible symmetric spaces. We classify all the $G$-inv…
Sharp scalar and Ricci curvature pinching theorems for Lagrangian submanifolds in the homogeneous nearly Kähler Six-sphere
本文针对齐性近凯勒六球面中的闭拉格朗日子流形，建立新的积分不等式，并证明数量曲率与里奇曲率的锐利夹逼定理，刻画全测地子流形与Berger球面的特征。
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