Generalized Fourier integral operators (FIOs) acting on Colombeau algebras are defined. This is based on a theory of generalized oscillatory integrals (OIs) whose phase functions as well as amplitudes may be generalized functions of Colombeau type. The mapping properties of these FIOs are studied as the composition with a generalized pseudodifferential operator. Finally, the microlocal Colombeau regularity for OIs and the influence of the FIO action on generalized wave front sets are investigated. This theory of generalized FIOs is motivated by the need of a general framework for partial differential operators with non-smooth coefficients and distributional data.
In this article, a theory of generalized oscillatory integrals (OIs) is developed whose phase functions as well as amplitudes may be generalized functions of Colombeau type. Based on this, generalized Fourier integral operators (FIOs) acting on Colombeau algebras are defined. This is motivated by the need of a general framework for partial differential operators with non-smooth coefficients and distribution data. The mapping properties of these FIOs are studied, as is microlocal Colombeau regularity for OIs and the influence of the FIO action on generalized wave front sets.
We introduce different notions of wave front set for the functionals in the dual of the Colombeau algebra $\Gc(\Om)$ providing a way to measure the $\G$ and the $\Ginf$- regularity in $\LL(\Gc(\Om),\wt{\C})$. For the smaller family of functionals having a ``basic structure'' we obtain a Fourier transform-characterization for this type of generalized wave front sets and results of noncharacteristic $\G$ and $\Ginf$-regularity.
The aim of this paper is to give a review of local and global properties of Fourier integral operators with real and complex phases, in local $L^p$, global $L^2$, and in Colombeau's spaces.
The paper contains a survey of a class of Fourier integral operators defined by symbols with tempered weight. These operators are bounded (respectively compact) in $L^2$ if the weight of the amplitude is bounded (respectively tends to $0$).
In this paper, we study the $L^{2}$-boundedness and $L^{2}$-compactness of a class of $h$-Fourier integral operators. These operators are bounded (respectively compact) if the weight of the amplitude is bounded (respectively tends to $0)$.
In this paper we investigate the mapping properties of periodic Fourier integral operators in $L^p(\mathbb{T}^n)$-spaces. The operators considered are associated to periodic symbols (with limited regularity) in the sense of Ruzhansky and Turunen.
In this paper, we give an example of Fourier integral operator with a symbol belongs to $\bigcap\limits_{0<ρ<1}S_{ρ,1}^{0}$ that cannot be extended as a bounded operator on $L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{n}).$
We study the global boundedness of bilinear and multilinear Fourier integral operators on Banach and quasi-Banach $L^p$ spaces, where the amplitudes of the operators are smooth or rough in the spatial variables. The results are obtained by proving suitable global boundedness of rough linear Fourier integral operators with amplitudes that behave as $L^{p}$ functions in the spatial variables. The bilinear and multilinear boundedness estimates are proven by using either an iteration procedure or decomposition of the amplitudes, and thereafter applying our global results for linear Fourier integra…
We define and prove some properties of the semi-classical wavefront set. We also define and study semi-classical Fourier integral operators, of which we give a complete characterization. Lastly, we prove a generalization of the semi-classical Egorov's Theorem to manifolds of unequal dimensions.
In this paper we provide characterizations for the nuclearity of Fourier integral operators on $\mathbb{R}^n,$ on the discrete group $\mathbb{Z}^n,$ arbitrary compact Lie groups and compact homogeneous manifolds. We also investigate the nuclear trace of these operators.
This article addresses linear hyperbolic partial differential equations and pseudodifferential equations with strongly singular coefficients and data, modelled as members of algebras of generalised functions. We employ the recently developed theory of generalised Fourier integral operators to construct parametrices for the solutions and to describe propagation of singularities in this setting. As required tools, the construction of generalised solutions to eikonal and transport equations is given and results on the microlocal regularity of the kernels of generalised Fourier integral operators …
Given a smooth embedding of manifolds $i: X \hookrightarrow M$ and a Fourier integral operator $Φ$ acting on $M$, obtained by quantization of a canonical transformation, consider its trace $i^!(Φ)$ on $X$ (in the sense of relative theory). We discuss the situation when $i^!(Φ)$ has the form of a Fourier--Mellin operator and, in particular, is localized at a finite set of points.
We study the boundedness of rough Fourier integral and pseudodifferential operators, defined by general rough Hörmander class amplitudes, on Banach and quasi-Banach $L^p$ spaces. Thereafter we apply the aforementioned boundedness in order to improve on some of the existing boundedness results for Hörmander class bilinear pseudodifferential operators and certain classes of bilinear (as well as multilinear) Fourier integral operators. For these classes of amplitudes, the boundedness of the aforementioned Fourier integral operators turn out to be sharp. Furthermore we also obtain results for roug…
Given a smooth embedding $i\colon X \hookrightarrow M$ of manifolds and a Fourier integral operator $Φ= Φ(Λ)$ on $M$ associated with a Lagrangian submanifold $Λ\subset T^*(X\times X) \setminus \{0\}$, we consider its trace $i^!(Λ)$ on the submanifold $X$, i.e. the composition $i^* Φi_*$, where $i^*$ and $i_*$ are the boundary and coboundary operators, respectively. We establish the conditions under which the trace $i^!(Φ)$ is also a Fourier integral operator and calculate its amplitude in canonical local coordinates.
We prove the global $L^2 \times L^2 \to L^1$ boundedness of bilinear Fourier integral operators with amplitudes in $S^0_{1,0} (n,2)$. To achieve this, we require that the phase function can be written as $(x,ξ,η) \mapsto \phase_1(x,ξ) + \phase_2(x,η)$ where each $\phase_j$ belongs to the class $Φ^2$ and satisfies the strong non-degeneracy condition. This result extends that of R. Coifman and Y. Meyer regarding pseudodifferential operators to the case of Fourier integral operators.
We study Fourier integral operators with Shubin amplitudes and quadratic phase functions associated to twisted graph Lagrangians with respect to symplectic matrices. We factorize such an operator as the composition of a Weyl pseudodifferential operator and a metaplectic operator and derive a characterization of its Schwartz kernel in terms of phase space estimates. Extending the conormal distributions in the Shubin calculus, we define an adapted notion of Lagrangian tempered distribution. We show that the kernels of Fourier integral operators are identical to Lagrangian distributions with resp…
In this note we provide dispersive estimates for Fourier integrals with parameter-dependent phase functions in terms of geometric quantities of associated families of Fresnel surfaces. The results are based on a multi-dimensional van der Corput lemma due to the first author. Applications to dispersive estimates for hyperbolic systems and scalar higher order hyperbolic equations are also discussed.
We obtain optimal continuity in Sobolev spaces for the Fourier integral operators associated to singular canonical relations, when one of the two projections is a Whitney fold. The regularity depends on the type, $k$, of the other projection from the canonical relation ($k=1$ for a Whitney fold). We prove that one loses $(4+\frac{2}{k})^{-1}$ of a derivative in the regularity properties. The proof is based on the $L^2$ estimates for oscillatory integral operators.
We study the Cauchy problem for an evolution equation of Schrödinger type. The Hamiltonian is the Weyl quantization of a real homogeneous quadratic form with a pseudodifferential perturbation of negative order from Shubin's class. We prove that the propagator is a Fourier integral operator of Shubin type of order zero. Using results for such operators and corresponding Lagrangian distributions, we study the propagator and the solution, and derive phase space estimates for them.
In general the composition of Fourier integral operators (FIOs) need not be an FIO. Motivated by the problem of linearized seismic inversion in the presence of cusp caustics for the background sound speed, we consider FIOs whose canonical relations have certain two-sided cusp degeneracies, and show that the resulting compositions have wave-front relations in the union of the diagonal and an open umbrella, the simplest type of singular Lagrangian manifold.
We establish the regularity of bilinear Fourier integral operators with bilinear amplitudes in $S^m_{1,0} (n,2)$ and non-degenerate phase functions, from $L^p \times L^q \to L^r$ under the assumptions that $m\leq -(n-1)(|\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{2}|+|\frac{1}{q}-\frac{1}{2}|)$ and $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{r}$. This is a bilinear version of the classical theorem of Seeger-Sogge-Stein concerning the $L^p$ boundedness of linear Fourier integral operators. Moreover, our result goes beyond the aforementioned theorem in that it also includes the case of non-Banach target spaces.
We establish certain square function estimates for a class of oscillatory integral operators with homogeneous phase functions. These results are employed to deduce a refinement of a previous result of Mockenhaupt Seeger and Sogge \cite{MSS-jams} on the local smoothing property for Fourier integral operators, which arise naturally in the study of wave equations on compact Riemannian manifolds. The proof is an adaptation of the bilinear approach of Tao and Vargas \cite{Tao-Vargas-II}, %as well as Garrigós and Seeger \cite{GaSe09}, and based on bilinear oscillatory integral estimates of Lee \cite…
It is well known, that Luzin's conjecture has a positive solution for one dimensional trigonometric Fourier series and it is still open for the spherical partial sums $S_λf(x)$, $f\in L_2(\mathbb{T}^N)$, of multiple Fourier series, while it has the solution for square and rectangular partial sums. Historically progress with solving Luzin's conjecture has been made by considering easier problems. One of such easier problems for $S_λf(x)$ was suggested by V. A. Il'in in 1968 and this problem is called the generalized localization principle. In this paper we first give a short survey on convergen…
We investigate the global continuity on $L^p$ spaces with $p\in [1,\infty]$ of Fourier integral operators with smooth and rough amplitudes and/or phase functions subject to certain non-degeneracy conditions. We initiate the investigation of the continuity of smooth and rough Fourier integral operators on weighted $L^{p}$ spaces, $L_{w}^p$ with $1< p < \infty$ and $w\in A_{p},$ (i.e. the Muckenhoput weights), and establish weighted norm inequalities for operators with rough and smooth amplitudes and phase functions satisfying a suitable rank condition. These results are then applied to prove we…
An approximation Ansatz for the operator solution, $U(z',z)$, of a hyperbolic first-order pseudodifferential equation, $\d_z + a(z,x,D_x)$ with $\Re (a) \geq 0$, is constructed as the composition of global Fourier integral operators with complex phases. An estimate of the operator norm in $L(H^{(s)},H^{(s)})$ of these operators is provided which allows to prove a convergence result for the Ansatz to $U(z',z)$ in some Sobolev space as the number of operators in the composition goes to $\infty$.
In this work we provide a criterion for the global weak (1,1) type of integral operators which are known to be locally uniformly of weak (1,1) type. As an application, we establish the global weak (1,1) type for a class of Fourier integral operators. While the local result is known from the work of Tao [33] for Fourier integral operators of order $-(n-1)/2,$ we give natural sufficient conditions in order to extend it to the corresponding global estimate
We study the composition of an arbitrary number of Fourier integral operators $A_j$, $j=1,\dots,M$, $M\ge 2$, defined through symbols belonging to the so-called SG classes. We give conditions ensuring that the composition $A_1\circ\cdots\circ A_M$ of such operators still belongs to the same class. Through this, we are then able to show well-posedness in weighted Sobolev spaces for first order hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations with coefficients in SG classes, by constructing the associated fundamental solutions.
The Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators $\mathcal{H}_{FIO}^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, for $1\leq p\leq \infty$, were introduced by Smith in [Smith,1998] and Hassell et al. in [Hassell-Portal-Rozendaal,2020]. In this article, we give several equivalent characterizations of $\mathcal{H}_{FIO}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, for example in terms of Littlewood--Paley $g$ functions and maximal functions. This answers a question from [Rozendaal,2021]. We also give several applications of the characterizations.
We consider Fourier integral operators with symbols in modulation spaces and non-smooth phase functions whose second orders of derivatives belong to certain types of modulation space. We establish continuity and Schatten-von Neumann properties of such operators when acting on modulation spaces.
A general principle says that the matrix of a Fourier integral operator with respect to wave packets is concentrated near the curve of propagation. We prove a precise version of this principle for Fourier integral operators with a smooth phase and a symbol in the Sjoestrand class and use Gabor frames as wave packets. The almost diagonalization of such Fourier integral operators suggests a specific approximation by (a sum of) elementary operators, namely modified Gabor multipliers. We derive error estimates for such approximations. The methods are taken from time-frequency analysis.
We consider Fourier integral operators with symbols in modulation spaces and non-smooth phase functions whose second orders of derivatives belong to certain types of modulation space. We establish continuity and Schatten-von Neumann properties of such operators when acting on modulation spaces.
The theory of Fourier integral operators is surveyed, with an emphasis on local smoothing estimates and their applications. After reviewing the classical background, we describe some recent work of the authors which established sharp local smoothing estimates for a natural class of Fourier integral operators. We also show how local smoothing estimates imply oscillatory integral estimates and obtain a maximal variant of an oscillatory integral estimate of Stein. Together with an oscillatory integral counterexample of Bourgain, this shows that our local smoothing estimates are sharp in odd spati…
We construct a one-parameter family of algebras consisting of Fourier integral operators. We derive boundedness results, composition rules, and the spectral invariance of this class of operators. The operator algebra is defined by the decay properties of an associated Gabor matrix around the graph of the canonical transformation.
In this paper we develop elements of the global calculus of Fourier integral operators in $R^n$ under minimal decay assumptions on phases and amplitudes. We also establish global weighted Sobolev $L^2$ estimates for a class of Fourier integral operators that appears in the analysis of global smoothing problems for dispersive partial differential equations. As an application, we exhibit a new type of smoothing estimates for hyperbolic equations, where the decay of data in space is quantitatively translated into the time decay of solutions.
This text contains an alternative presentation, and in certain cases an improvement, of the "hyperbolic dispersive estimate" that was proved by Anantharaman and Nonnenmacher and used to make progress towards the quantum unique ergodicity conjecture. The main statement is a sufficient condition to have exponential decay of the norm of a product of sub-unitary Fourier integral operators. The improved estimate will also be needed in future work of the author.
We carry on the study of Fourier integral operators of H{ö}rmander's type acting on the spaces $(\mathcal{F}L^p)_{comp}$, $1\leq p\leq\infty$, of compactly supported distributions whose Fourier transform is in $L^p$. We show that the sharp loss of derivatives for such an operator to be bounded on these spaces is related to the rank $r$ of the Hessian of the phase $Φ(x,η)$ with respect to the space variables $x$. Indeed, we show that operators of order $m=-r|1/2-1/p|$ are bounded on $(\mathcal{F}L^p)_{comp}$, if the mapping $x\longmapsto\nabla_xΦ(x,η)$ is constant on the fibers, of codimension …
While the local $L^p$-boundedness of nondegeneral Fourier integral operators is known from the work of Seeger, Sogge and Stein, not so many results are available for the global boundedness on $L^p(\mathbb R^n)$. In this paper we give a sufficient condition for the global $L^p$-boundedness for a class of Fourier integral operators which includes many natural examples. We also describe a construction that can be used to deduce global results from the local ones. An application is given to obtain global $L^p$-estimates for solutions to Cauchy problems for hyperbolic partial differential equations…
We give a criterion for the global boundedness of integral operators which are known to be locally bounded. As an application, we discuss the global $L^p$-boundedness for a class of Fourier integral operators. While the local $L^p$-boundedness of Fourier integral operators is known from the work of Seeger, Sogge and Stein, not so many results are available for the global boundedness on $L^p({\mathbb R}^n)$. We give several natural sufficient conditions for them.
We show that the Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators form natural spaces of initial data when applying $\ell^{p}$-decoupling inequalities to local smoothing for the wave equation. This yields new local smoothing estimates which, in a quantified manner, improve the bounds in the local smoothing conjecture on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ for $p\geq 2(n+1)/(n-1)$, and complement them for $2<p<2(n+1)/(n-1)$. These estimates are invariant under application of Fourier integral operators, and they are essentially sharp.
We define a scale of Hardy spaces $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, $p\in[1,\infty]$, that are invariant under suitable Fourier integral operators of order zero. This builds on work by Smith for $p=1$. We also introduce a notion of off-singularity decay for kernels on the cosphere bundle of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, and we combine this with wave packet transforms and tent spaces over the cosphere bundle to develop a full Hardy space theory for oscillatory integral operators. In the process we extend the known results about $L^{p}$-boundedness of Fourier integral operators, from local boundednes…
The local $L^2$-mapping property of Fourier integral operators has been established in Hörmander \cite{H} and in Eskin \cite{E}. In this paper, we treat the global $L^2$-boundedness for a class of operators that appears naturally in many problems. As a consequence, we will improve known global results for several classes of pseudo-differential and Fourier integral operators, as well as extend previous results of Asada and Fujiwara \cite{AF} or Kumano-go \cite{Ku}. As an application, we show a global smoothing estimate to generalized Schrödinger equations which extends the results of Ben-Artzi …
This work deals with the measurability of Fourier integral operators (FIOs) with random phase and amplitude functions. The key ingredient is the proof that FIOs depend continuously on their phase and amplitude functions, taken from suitable classes. The results will be applied to the solution FIO of the transport equation with spatially random transport speed as well as to FIOs describing waves in random media.
We introduce the Hardy spaces $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ for Fourier integral operators for $0<p<1$, thereby extending earlier constructions for $1\leq p\leq \infty$. We then establish various properties of these spaces, including their behavior under complex interpolation and duality, and their invariance under Fourier integral operators. We also obtain Sobolev embeddings, equivalent characterizations, and a molecular decomposition. These spaces are used in the companion article arXiv:2502.02511 to determine the sharp $\mathcal{H}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and $\mathrm{bmo}(\mathbb{R}…
We establish global regularity of multilinear Fourier integral operators that are associated to nonlinear wave equations on product of $L^p$ spaces by proving endpoint boundedness on suitable products spaces containing combinations of the local Hardy space, the local BMO and the $L^2$ spaces.
We consider a class of Fourier integral operators, globally defined on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, with symbols and phases satisfying product type estimates (the so-called $SG$ or scattering classes). We prove a sharp continuity result for such operators when acting on the modulation spaces $M^p$. The minimal loss of derivatives is shown to be $d|1/2-1/p|$. This global perspective produces a loss of decay as well, given by the same order. Strictly related, striking examples of unboundedness on $L^p$ spaces are presented.
We illustrate the composition properties for an extended family of SG Fourier integral operators. We prove continuity results for operators in this class with respect to $L^2$ and weighted modulation spaces, and discuss continuity on $\mathscr{S}$, $\mathscr{S}^\prime$ and on weighted Sobolev spaces. We study mapping properties of global wave-front sets under the action of these Fourier integral operators. We extend classical results to more general situations. For example, there are no requirements of homogeneity for the phase functions. Finally, we apply our results to the study of of the pr…
We prove several characterizations of the Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, for $1<p<\infty$. First we characterize $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ in terms of $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$-norms of parabolic frequency localizations. As a corollary, any characterization of $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ yields a corresponding version for $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. In particular, we obtain a maximal function characterization and a characterization in terms of vertical square functions.
In this paper we establish global Lp regularity properties of Fourier integral operators. The orders of decay of the amplitude are determined for operators to be bounded on $L^p(\Rn)$, $1<p<\infty$, as well as to be bounded from Hardy space $H^1(\Rn)$ to $L^1(\Rn)$. The obtained results extend local $L^p$ regularity properties of Fourier integral operators established by Seeger, Sogge and Stein (1991) as well as global $L^2(\Rn)$ results of Asada and Fujiwara (1978) and Ruzhansky and Sugimoto (2006), to the global setting of $L^p(\Rn)$. Global boundedness in weighted Sobolev spaces $W^{σ,p}_s(…
We obtain improved bounds for pseudodifferential operators with rough symbols on Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators. The symbols $a(x,η)$ are elements of $C^{r}_{*}S^{m}_{1,δ}$ classes that have limited regularity in the $x$ variable. We show that the associated pseudodifferential operator $a(x,D)$ maps between Sobolev spaces $\mathcal{H}^{s,p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and $\mathcal{H}^{t,p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ over the Hardy space for Fourier integral operators $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. Our main result is that for all $r>0$, $m=0$ and $δ=1/2$, there exists an interval…
Integral transforms arising from the separable solutions to the Helmholtz differential equation are presented. Pairs of these integral transforms are related via Plancherel theorem and, ultimately, any of these integral transforms may be calculated using only Fourier transforms. This result is used to evaluate the mean value of momenta associated to the symmetries of the reduced wave equation. As an explicit example, the orbital angular momenta of plane and elliptic-cylindrical waves is presented.
We show that the index of an elliptic Fourier integral operator associated to a contact diffeomorphism $ϕ$ of cosphere bundles of two Riemannian manifolds X and Y is given by $\int_{B^*X}\hat{A}(T^*X)\expθ - \int_{B^*Y}\hat{A}(T^*Y)\expθ$. Here $B^*$ stands for the unit coball bundle and $θ$ is a certain characteristic class depending on the principal symbol of the Fourier integral operator. In the special case when X=Y we obtain a different proof of the theorem of Epstein and Melrose.
We suggest a new representation of Maslov's canonical operator in a neighborhood of the caustics using a special class of coordinate systems ("eikonal coordinates") on Lagrangian manifolds.
