The Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators $\mathcal{H}_{FIO}^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, for $1\leq p\leq \infty$, were introduced by Smith in [Smith,1998] and Hassell et al. in [Hassell-Portal-Rozendaal,2020]. In this article, we give several equivalent characterizations of $\mathcal{H}_{FIO}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, for example in terms of Littlewood--Paley $g$ functions and maximal functions. This answers a question from [Rozendaal,2021]. We also give several applications of the characterizations.
We introduce the Hardy spaces $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ for Fourier integral operators for $0<p<1$, thereby extending earlier constructions for $1\leq p\leq \infty$. We then establish various properties of these spaces, including their behavior under complex interpolation and duality, and their invariance under Fourier integral operators. We also obtain Sobolev embeddings, equivalent characterizations, and a molecular decomposition. These spaces are used in the companion article arXiv:2502.02511 to determine the sharp $\mathcal{H}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and $\mathrm{bmo}(\mathbb{R}…
We obtain improved bounds for pseudodifferential operators with rough symbols on Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators. The symbols $a(x,η)$ are elements of $C^{r}_{*}S^{m}_{1,δ}$ classes that have limited regularity in the $x$ variable. We show that the associated pseudodifferential operator $a(x,D)$ maps between Sobolev spaces $\mathcal{H}^{s,p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and $\mathcal{H}^{t,p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ over the Hardy space for Fourier integral operators $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. Our main result is that for all $r>0$, $m=0$ and $δ=1/2$, there exists an interval…
We prove several characterizations of the Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, for $1<p<\infty$. First we characterize $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ in terms of $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$-norms of parabolic frequency localizations. As a corollary, any characterization of $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ yields a corresponding version for $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. In particular, we obtain a maximal function characterization and a characterization in terms of vertical square functions.
Generalized Fourier integral operators (FIOs) acting on Colombeau algebras are defined. This is based on a theory of generalized oscillatory integrals (OIs) whose phase functions as well as amplitudes may be generalized functions of Colombeau type. The mapping properties of these FIOs are studied as the composition with a generalized pseudodifferential operator. Finally, the microlocal Colombeau regularity for OIs and the influence of the FIO action on generalized wave front sets are investigated. This theory of generalized FIOs is motivated by the need of a general framework for partial diffe…
In general the composition of Fourier integral operators (FIOs) need not be an FIO. Motivated by the problem of linearized seismic inversion in the presence of cusp caustics for the background sound speed, we consider FIOs whose canonical relations have certain two-sided cusp degeneracies, and show that the resulting compositions have wave-front relations in the union of the diagonal and an open umbrella, the simplest type of singular Lagrangian manifold.
In this article, a theory of generalized oscillatory integrals (OIs) is developed whose phase functions as well as amplitudes may be generalized functions of Colombeau type. Based on this, generalized Fourier integral operators (FIOs) acting on Colombeau algebras are defined. This is motivated by the need of a general framework for partial differential operators with non-smooth coefficients and distribution data. The mapping properties of these FIOs are studied, as is microlocal Colombeau regularity for OIs and the influence of the FIO action on generalized wave front sets.
We study the action of Fourier Integral Operators (FIOs) of H{ö}rmander's type on ${\mathcal{F}} L^p({\mathbb {R}}^d_{comp}$, $1\leq p\leq\infty$. We see, from the Beurling-Helson theorem, that generally FIOs of order zero fail to be bounded on these spaces when $p\not=2$, the counterexample being given by any smooth non-linear change of variable. Here we show that FIOs of order $m=-d|1/2-1/p|$ are instead bounded. Moreover, this loss of derivatives is proved to be sharp in every dimension $d\geq1$, even for phases which are linear in the dual variables. The proofs make use of tools from time-…
This work deals with the measurability of Fourier integral operators (FIOs) with random phase and amplitude functions. The key ingredient is the proof that FIOs depend continuously on their phase and amplitude functions, taken from suitable classes. The results will be applied to the solution FIO of the transport equation with spatially random transport speed as well as to FIOs describing waves in random media.
We consider a linearized inverse problem, arising in offshore seismic exploration, for an isotropic wave equation with sound speed assumed to be a small, singular perturbation of a smooth background. Under an assumption of at most fold caustics for the background, we identify the geometry of the canonical relation underlying the linearization, F, which is a Fourier integral operator, and establish a composition calculus sufficient to describe the normal operator F^*F. The resulting artifacts are 1/2 derivative smoother than in the case of a single-source seismic experiment.
This paper presents a new approach to modelling wave propagation in random, linearly elastic materials, namely by means of Fourier integral operators (FIOs). The FIO representation of the solution to the equations of motion can be used to identify the elastic parameters of the underlying media, as well as their statistical hyperparameters in the randomly perturbed case. A stochastic version of the FIO representation can be used for damage detection. Hypothesis tests are proposed and validated, which are capable of distinguishing between an undamaged and a damaged material, even in the presence…
We establish sharp $L^2$-Sobolev estimates for classes of pseudodifferential operators with singular symbols whose non-pseudodifferential (Fourier integral operator) parts exhibit two-sided fold singularities. The operators considered include both singular integral operators along curves in $R^2$ with simple inflection points and normal operators arising in linearized seismic imaging in the presence of fold caustics.
In this paper, we will investigate the boundedness of the bi-parameter Fourier integral operators (or FIOs for short) of the following form: $$T(f)(x)=\frac{1}{(2π)^{2n}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{2n}}e^{iφ(x,ξ,η)}\cdot a(x,ξ,η)\cdot\widehat{f}(ξ,η)dξdη,$$ where for $x=(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb{R}^{n}\times \mathbb{R}^{n}$ and $ξ,η\in \mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus\{0\}$, the amplitude $a(x,ξ,η)\in L^\infty BS^m_ρ$ and the phase function is of the form $ φ(x,ξ,η)=φ_1(x_1,ξ)+φ_2(x_2,η)$ with $\quad φ_1,φ_2 \in L^\infty Φ^2 (\mathbb{R}^{n}\times\mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus\{0\})$ and $φ(x, ξ, η)$ satisfies a certain roug…
We define a scale of Hardy spaces $\mathcal{H}^{p}_{FIO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, $p\in[1,\infty]$, that are invariant under suitable Fourier integral operators of order zero. This builds on work by Smith for $p=1$. We also introduce a notion of off-singularity decay for kernels on the cosphere bundle of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, and we combine this with wave packet transforms and tent spaces over the cosphere bundle to develop a full Hardy space theory for oscillatory integral operators. In the process we extend the known results about $L^{p}$-boundedness of Fourier integral operators, from local boundednes…
We show that the Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators form natural spaces of initial data when applying $\ell^{p}$-decoupling inequalities to local smoothing for the wave equation. This yields new local smoothing estimates which, in a quantified manner, improve the bounds in the local smoothing conjecture on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ for $p\geq 2(n+1)/(n-1)$, and complement them for $2<p<2(n+1)/(n-1)$. These estimates are invariant under application of Fourier integral operators, and they are essentially sharp.
We give a real-variable proof of the Hardy uncertainty principle. The method is based on energy estimates for evolutions with positive viscosity, convexity properties of free waves with Gaussian decay at two different times, elliptic $L^2$-estimates and the invertibility of the Fourier transform on $L^2(\Rn)$ and $\mathcal S'(\Rn)$.
We provide characterizations for boundedness of multilinear Fourier operators on Hardy-Lebesgue spaces with symbols locally in Sobolev spaces. Let $H^q(\mathbb R^n)$ denote the Hardy space when $0<q\le 1$ and the Lebesgue space $L^q(\mathbb R^n)$ when $1<q\le \infty$. We find optimal conditions on $m$-linear Fourier multiplier operators to be bounded from $H^{p_1}\times \cdots \times H^{p_m}$ to $L^p$ when $1/p=1/p_1+\cdots +1/p_m$ in terms of local $L^2$-Sobolev space estimates for the symbol of the operator. Our conditions provide multilinear analogues of the linear results of Calderón and T…
It is proved that the operators $σ_{n}^{\bigtriangleup}$ of the triangular-Fej{é}r-means of a two-dimensional Walsh--Fourier series are uniformly bounded from the dyadic Hardy space $H_{p}$ to $L_{p}$ for all $% 4/5<p\leq \infty $.
Assuming that both a function and its Fourier transform are dominated by a Gaussian of large variance, it is shown that the Hermite coefficients of the function decay exponentially. A sharp estimate for the rate of exponential decay is obtained in terms of the variance, and in the limiting case (when the variance becomes so small that the Gaussian is its own Fourier transform), Hardy's theorem on Fourier transform pairs is obtained. A quantitative result on the confinement of particle-like states of a quantum harmonic oscillator is obtained. A stronger form of the result is conjectured. Furthe…
By using, among other things, the Fourier analysis techniques on hyperbolic and symmetric spaces, we establish the Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequalities for higher order derivatives on half spaces. The proof relies on a Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality on hyperbolic spaces which is of its independent interest. We also give an alternative proof of Benguria, Frank and Loss' work concerning the sharp constant in the Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequality in the three dimensional upper half space. Finally, we show the sharp constant in the Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequality for bi-Laplacian in the upper half…
We find optimal conditions on $m$-linear Fourier multipliers to give rise to bounded operators from a product of Hardy spaces $H^{p_j}$, $0<p_j\le 1$, to Lebesgue spaces $L^p$. The conditions we obtain are necessary and sufficient for boundedness and are expressed in terms of $L^2$-based Sobolev spaces. Our results extend those obtained in the linear case ($m=1 $) by Calderón and Torchinsky [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001870877800169] and in the bilinear case ($m=2$) by Miyachi and Tomita [http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/show_abstract.php?issn=0213-2230&vol=29&iss=2&rank…
We investigate the subsequence $\{t_{2^n}f \}$ of Nörlund means with respect to the Walsh system generated by non-increasing and convex sequences. In particular, we prove that a big class of such summability methods are not bounded from the martingale Hardy spaces $H_p$ to the space $weak-L_p $ for $0<p<1/(1+α) $, where $0<α<1$. Moreover, some new related inequalities are derived. As application, some well-known and new results are pointed out for well-known summability methods, especially for Nörlund logarithmic means and Cesàro means.
As main result we prove that Fejér means of Walsh-Kaczmarz-Fourier series are uniformly bounded operators from the Hardy martingale space $\ H_{p}$ to the Hardy martingale space $H_{p}$ for $ 0<p\leq 1/2.$
This paper continues the program initiated in the works by the authors [60], [61] and [62] and by the authors with Li [51] and [52] to establish higher order Poincaré-Sobolev, Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya, Adams and Hardy-Adams inequalities on real hyperbolic spaces using the method of Helgason-Fourier analysis on the hyperbolic spaces. The aim of this paper is to establish such inequalities on the Siegel domains and complex hyperbolic spaces. Firstly, we prove a factorization theorem for the operators on the complex hyperbolic space which is closely related to Geller' operator, as well as the CR inva…
Hermite expansions of functions from the weighted Hardy class
School of Mathematical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute（国家科学教育研究中心数学科学学院，布巴内斯瓦尔，霍米·巴巴国立大学的组成部分）；Homi Bhabha National Institute（霍米·巴巴国立大学）
We establish global regularity of multilinear Fourier integral operators that are associated to nonlinear wave equations on product of $L^p$ spaces by proving endpoint boundedness on suitable products spaces containing combinations of the local Hardy space, the local BMO and the $L^2$ spaces.
We establish sharp Hardy-Adams inequalities on hyperbolic space $\mathbb{B}^{4}$ of dimension four. Namely, we will show that for any $α>0$ there exists a constant $C_α>0$ such that \[ \int_{\mathbb{B}^{4}}(e^{32π^{2} u^{2}}-1-32π^{2} u^{2})dV=16\int_{\mathbb{B}^{4}}\frac{e^{32π^{2} u^{2}}-1-32π^{2} u^{2}}{(1-|x|^{2})^{4}}dx\leq C_α. \] for any $u\in C^{\infty}_{0}(\mathbb{B}^{4})$ with \[ \int_{\mathbb{B}^{4}}\left(-Δ_{\mathbb{H}}-\frac{9}{4}\right)(-Δ_{\mathbb{H}}+α)u\cdot udV\leq1. \] As applications, we obtain a sharpened Adams inequality on hyperbolic space $\mathbb{B}^{4}$ and an inequal…
Though Adams and Hardy-Adams inequalities can be extended to general symmetric spaces of noncompact type fairly straightforwardly by following closely the systematic approach developed in our early works on real and complex hyperbolic spaces, higher order Poincaré-Sobolev and Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequalities are more difficult to establish. The main purpose of this goal is to establish the Poincaré-Sobolev and Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequalities on quaternionic hyperbolic spaces and the Cayley hyperbolic plane. A crucial part of our work is to establish appropriate factorization theorems on the…
In this article, the authors introduce a class of mixed-norm Herz spaces, $\dot{E}^{\vecα,\vec{p}}_{\vec{q}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, which is a natural generalization of mixed Lebesgue spaces and some special cases of which naturally appear in the study of the summability of Fourier transforms on mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces. The authors also give their dual spaces and obtain the Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem on $\dot{E}^{\vecα,\vec{p}}_{\vec{q}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. Applying these Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem and using some ideas from the extrapolation theorem, the authors establish both the …
Using the Fourier analysis techniques on hyperbolic spaces and Green's function estimates, we confirm in this paper the conjecture given by the same authors in [43]. Namely, we prove that the sharp constant in the $\frac{n-1}{2}$-th order Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequality in the upper half space of dimension $n$ coincides with the best $\frac{n-1}{2}$-th order Sobolev constant when $n$ is odd and $n\geq9$ (See Theorem 1.6). We will also establish a lower bound of the coefficient of the Hardy term for the $k-$th order Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequality in upper half space in the remaining cases of d…
We establish new Calderón reproducing formulas for self-adjoint operators $D$ that generate strongly continuous groups with finite propagation speed. These formulas allow the analysing function to interact with $D$ through holomorphic functional calculus whilst the synthesising function interacts with $D$ through functional calculus based on the Fourier transform. We apply these to prove the embedding $H^p_D(\wedge T^*M) \subseteq L^p(\wedge T^*M)$, $1\leq p\leq 2$, for the Hardy spaces of differential forms introduced by Auscher, McIntosh and Russ, where $D=d+d^*$ is the Hodge--Dirac operator…
