Thanasis Bouganis
In this paper we show how one can combine the p-adic Rankin-Selberg product construction of Hida with freeness results of Hecke modules of Wiles to establish interesting congruences between special values of L-functions. These congruences is a part of some deep conjectural congruences that follow from the work of Kato on the non-commutative Iwasawa theory of the false Tate curve extension.
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继续探索
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $Q$, and $τ$ an Artin representation over $Q$ that factors through the non-abelian extension $Q(\sqrt[p^n]{m},μ_{p^n})/Q$, where $p$ is an odd prime and $n,m$ are positive integers. We show that $L(E,τ,1)$, the special value at $s=1$ of the $L$-function of the twist of $E$ by $τ$, divided by the classical transcendental period $Ω_{+}^{d^+}|Ω_{-}^{d^-}|ε(τ)$ is algebraic and Galois-equivariant, as predicted by Deligne's conjecture.
Uniformizer of the False Tate Curve Extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ (II)
本文研究了 $\mathbb{Q}_p$ 的假 Tate 曲线扩张中均匀化子的显式公式，建立了 $\mathbb{K}_p^{m,1}$ 的公式并证明了递推多项式 $\mathcal{R}_p^{m,n}$ 的存在性，从而展示了系统构造均匀化子的可能性。
Multivariable period rings of $p$-adic false Tate curve extension
本文为 $p$-adic 假 Tate 曲线扩张引入两个多变量周期环，研究其性质，证明其上的 $(φ,Γ)$-模桥接经典与上同调意义下的 $(φ,Γ)$-模和 $(φ,τ)$-模，回答 Caruso 的问题，并构造 $ψ$ 算子以讨论 Iwasawa 上同调的计算。
Let $F$ be a totally real field in which a fixed prime $p$ is inert, and let $E$ be a CM extension of $F$ in which $p$ splits. We fix two positive integers $r,s \in \mathbb N$. We investigate the Tate conjecture on the special fiber of $G(U(r,s) \times U(s,r))$-Shimura variety. We construct cycles which we conjecture to generate the Tate classes and verify our conjecture in the case of $G(U(1,s) \times U(s,1))$. We also discuss the general conjecture regarding special cycles on the special fibers of unitary Shimura varieties.
Uniformizer of the False Tate Curve Extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$
本文研究 $p$ 进 Mal'cev-Neumann 域中本原 $p^n$ 次单位根 $\zeta_{p^n}$ 的规范展开，给出其前 $\aleph_0$ 项的显式公式，并用于构造 $K_{2,m}=\mathbb{Q}_p(\zeta_{p^2},p^{1/p^m})$ 的均匀化子。
Intersections in Lubin-Tate space and biquadratic fundamental lemmas
该研究计算了Lubin-Tate空间中特殊闭链的相交重数，提出了关联这些相交与轨道积分导数的新算术基本引理，为数论相关研究提供了新的理论工具。
We give a new formula for the special value at s=2 of the Hasse-Weil zeta function for smooth projective fourfolds under some assumptions (the Tate and Beilinson conjecture, finiteness of some cohomology groups, etc.). Our formula may be considered as a generalization of the Artin-Tate(-Milne) formula for smooth surfaces, and expresses the special zeta value almost exclusively in terms of inner geometric invariants such as higher Chow groups (motivic cohomology groups). Moreover we compare our formula with Geisser's formula for the same zeta value in terms of Weil-étale motivic cohomology grou…
We introduce $\ell$-Galois special subvarieties as an $\ell$-adic analog of the Hodge-theoretic notion of a special subvariety. The Mumford-Tate conjecture predicts that both notions are equivalent. We study some properties of these subvarieties and prove this equivalence for subvarieties satisfying a simple monodromy condition. As applications, we show that the $\ell$-Galois exceptional locus is a countable union of algebraic subvarieties and, if the derived group of the generic Mumford-Tate group of a family is simple, its part of positive period dimension coincides with the Hodge locus of p…
Tate module and bad reduction
本文研究了局部域上曲线的最小正则模型的Galois作用，通过半稳定性质描述了雅可比曲线的l-进塔特模块的结构。
Let $p$ be a prime. Tate and Voloch proved that a point of finite order in the algebraic torus cannot be $p$-adically too close to a fixed subvariety without lying on it. The current work is motivated by the analogy between torsion points on semi-abelian varieties and special or CM points on Shimura varieties. We prove the analog of Tate and Voloch's result in a power of the modular curve Y(1) on replacing torsion points by points corresponding to a product of elliptic curves with complex multiplication and ordinary reduction. Moreover, we show that the assumption on ordinary reduction is nece…
Following Weinstein, Boyarchenko-Weinstein and Imai-Tsushima, we construct a family of affinoids in the Lubin-Tate perfectoid space and formal models such that the cohomology of the reduction of each formal model realizes the local Langlands correspondence and the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence for certain representations. In the terminology of the essentially tame local Langlands correspondence, the representations treated here are characterized as being parametrized by minimal admissible pairs in which the field extensions are totally ramified.
We prove the isogeny property for special fibres of integral canonical models of compact Shimura varieties of $A_n$, $B_n$, $C_n$, and $D_n^{\dbR}$ type. The approach used also shows that many crystalline cycles on abelian varieties over finite fields which are specializations of Hodge cycles, are algebraic. These two results have many applications. First, we prove a variant of the conditional Langlands--Rapoport conjecture for these special fibres. Second, for certain isogeny sets we prove a variant of the unconditional Langlands--Rapoport conjecture (like for many basic loci). Third, we prov…
Let $\f$ be a primitive, cuspidal Hilbert modular form of parallel weight. We investigate the Rankin convolution $L$-values $L(\f,\g,s)$, where $\g$ is a theta-lift modular form corresponding to a finite-order character. We prove weak forms of Kato's `false Tate curve' congruences for these values, of the form predicted by conjectures in non-commmutative Iwasawa theory.
We produce an integral model for the modular curve $X(Np^m)$ over the ring of integers of a sufficiently ramified extension of $\mathbf{Z}_p$ whose special fiber is a {\em semistable curve} in the sense that its only singularities are normal crossings. This is done by constructing a semistable covering (in the sense of Coleman) of the supersingular part of $X(Np^m)$, which is a union of copies of a Lubin-Tate curve. In doing so we tie together nonabelian Lubin-Tate theory to the representation-theoretic point of view afforded by Bushnell-Kutzko types. For our analysis it was essential to work …
We study the Fitting ideals over the finite layers of the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ of Selmer groups attached to the Rankin--Selberg convolution of two modular forms $f$ and $g$. Inspired by the Theta elements for modular forms defined by Mazur and Tate in ``Refined conjectures of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer type'', we define new Theta elements for Rankin--Selberg convolutions of $f$ and $g$ using Loeffler--Zerbes' geometric $p$-adic $L$-functions attached to $f$ and $g$. Under certain technical hypotheses, we generalize a recent work of Kim--Kurihara on elliptic cu…
A generalized Tate curve is a universal family of curves with fixed genus and degeneration data which becomes Schottky uniformized Riemann surfaces and Mumford curves by specializing moduli and deformation parameters. By considering each generalized Tate curve as a family of degenerating Riemann surfaces, we give explicit formulas of the period isomorphism between its de Rham and Betti cohomology groups, and of the associated objects: Gauss-Manin connection, variation of Hodge structure and monodromy weight filtration. A remarkable fact is that similar formulas hold also for families of Mumfor…
Zeta function of F-gauges and special values
本文针对有限域上可对偶$F$-gauges，提出并证明Artin–Tate型Zeta函数特殊值猜想的无条件形式，并借助稳定Bockstein特征及栈式$F$-gauge理论使其无条件适用于光滑真簇。
In this paper we propose a new way to realize cyclic base change (a special case of Langlands functoriality) for prime degree extensions of characteristic zero local fields. Let $F / E$ be a prime degree $l$ extension of local fields of residue characteristic $p \neq l$. Let $π$ be an irreducible cuspidal $l$-adic representation of $\mathrm{GL}_n(E)$ and $ρ$ be an irreducible cuspidal $l$-adic representation of $\mathrm{GL}_n(F)$ which is Galois-invariant. Under some minor technical conditions on $π$ and $ρ$ (for instance, we assume that both are level zero) we prove that the $\bmod l$-reducti…
Beginning with the conjecture of Artin and Tate in 1966, there has been a series of successively more general conjectures expressing the special values of the zeta function of an algebraic variety over a finite field in terms of other invariants of the variety. In this article, we present the ultimate such conjecture, and provide evidence for it. In particular, we enhance Voevodsky's Z[1/p]-category of etale motivic complexes with a p-integral structure, and show that, for this category, our conjecture follows from the Tate and Beilinson conjectures. As the conjecture is stated in terms of mot…
We develop a theory of `non-abelian higher special elements' in the non-commutative exterior powers of the Galois cohomology of $p$-adic representations. We explore their relation to the theory of organising matrices and thus to the Galois module structure of Selmer modules. In concrete applications, we relate our general theory to the formulation of refined conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer type and to the Galois structure of Tate-Shafarevich and Selmer groups of abelian varieties.
We study special values of L-functions of elliptic curves over Q twisted by Artin representations that factor through a false Tate curve extension $Q(μ_p^\infty,\sqrt[p^\infty]{m})/Q$. In this setting, we explain how to compute L-functions and the corresponding Iwasawa-theoretic invariants of non-abelian twists of elliptic curves. Our results provide both theoretical and computational evidence for the main conjecture of non-commutative Iwasawa theory.
Elliptic curves with rank one and nontrivial 2-part of Tate Shafarevich groups over the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-extension of $\mathbb{Q}$
本文研究了二次扭曲椭圆曲线在$\mathbb{Z}_2$扩张上的秩和Tate-Shafarevich群性质，通过Heegner点同余性质和Coates-Wiles定理的等变版本构造了具有秩1和无限Tate-Shafarevich群的椭圆曲线。
We prove the conjectured compatibility of $p$-adic fundamental lines with specializations at motivic points for a wide class of $p$-adic families of $p$-adic Galois representations (for instance, the families which arise from $p$-adic families of automorphic representations of the unit group of a quaternion algebra or of a totally definite unitary groups) and deduce the compatibility of the Equivariant Tamagawa Number Conjectures for them. However, we also show that fundamental lines are not compatible with arbitrary characteristic zero specializations with values in a domain in general. This …
In this work we prove congruences between special values of elliptic curves with CM that seem to play a central role in the analytic side of the non-commutative Iwasawa theory. These congruences are the analogue for elliptic curves with CM of those proved by Kato, Ritter and Weiss for the Tate motive. The proof is based on the fact that the critical values of elliptic curves with CM, or what amounts to the same, the critical values of Grössencharacters, can be expressed as values of Hilbert-Eisenstein series at CM points. We believe that our strategy can be generalized to provide congruences f…
We introduce certain special polynomials in an arbitrary number of indeterminates over a finite field. These polynomials generalize the special polynomials associated to the Goss zeta function and Goss-Dirichlet $L$-functions over the ring of polynomials in one indeterminate over a finite field and also capture the special values at non-positive integers of $L$-series associated to Drinfeld modules over Tate algebras defined over the same ring. We compute the exact degree in $t_0$ of these special polynomials and show that this degree is an invariant for a natural action of Goss' group of digi…
The p-adic distance of special points to subvarieties
本文综述了关于半阿贝尔簇上挠点到子簇的p-adic距离一致上界的猜想及其类似情形下的研究进展。
Let N be a prime and let A be a quotient of J_0(N) over Q associated to a newform such that the special L-value of A (at s=1) is non-zero. Suppose that the algebraic part of the special L-value of A is divisible by an odd prime q such that q does not divide the numerator of (N-1)/12. Then the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture predicts that the q-adic valuations of the algebraic part of the special L-value of A and of the order of the Shafarevich-Tate group are both positive even numbers. Under a certain mod q non-vanishing hypothesis on special L-values of twists of A, we show that the q-ad…
Recently, the author defined multiple Dedekind zeta values [5] associated to a number K field and a cone C. These objects are number theoretic analogues of multiple zeta values. In this paper we prove that every multiple Dedekind zeta value over any number field K is a period of a mixed Tate motive. Moreover, if K is a totally real number field, then we can choose a cone C so that every multiple Dedekind zeta associated to the pair (K;C) is unramified over the ring of algebraic integers in K. In [7], the author proves similar statements in the special case of a real quadratic fields for a part…
Let $E$ be a modular elliptic curve over a totally real number field $F$. We prove the weak exceptional zero conjecture which links a (higher) derivative of the $p$-adic $L$-function attached to $E$ to certain $p$-adic periods attached to the corresponding Hilbert modular form at the places above $p$ where $E$ has split multiplicative reduction. Under some mild restrictions on $p$ and the conductor of $E$ we deduce the exceptional zero conjecture in the strong form (i.e.\ where the automorphic $p$-adic periods are replaced by the $\cL$-invariants of $E$ defined in terms of Tate periods) from a…
Rational Hodge--Tate prismatic crystals of quasi-l.c.i algebras and non-abelian $p$-adic Hodge theory
本文研究了准理Hodge-塔普里扎晶体与非阿贝尔p进Hodge理论的关系，通过范畴等价性揭示了新的理论结果。
Distribution of the Hessian values of Gaussian hypergeometric functions
针对参数为有限域三次与平凡特征的特殊高斯超几何函数，结合调和Maass形式与模拟模形式理论，证明其Hessian椭圆曲线族弗罗贝尼乌斯迹的极限分布为半圆分布，验证了佐藤-塔特分布的适用性。
Convolutions of Goss and Pellarin $L$-series
本文建立了取值于Tate代数的Drinfeld模上Goss与Pellarin $L$-级数卷积的特殊值结果，利用类模公式将其推广至任意秩，并通过Schur多项式理论与Stark单位建立联系。
Cancellation in sums over special sequences on $\mathbf{\rm{GL}_{m}}$ and their applications
本文研究自守L-函数Dirichlet系数在Waring-Goldbach相关序列上的相消，建立不依赖广义Ramanujan猜想和Landau-Siegel零点的非平凡界，并给出Sato-Tate猜想应用及平均Goldbach猜想。
On Shafarevich-Tate groups and analytic ranks in families of modular forms, II. Coleman families
本文研究模形式$p$-进Coleman族中代数秩与解析秩的保持性，证明在有限多个例外素数之外，若原形式的Shafarevich-Tate群有限且秩为$r$，则族中权重同余的经典特化保持有限性及秩，并支持Greenberg猜想。
This paper proposes a conjecture on special values of L-functions of geometric motives over Z. This includes L-functions of mixed motives over Q and Hasse-Weil zeta-functions of schemes over Z. We conjecture the following: the order of L(M, s) at s=0 is given by the negative Euler characteristic of motivic cohomology of $M^\vee(-1)$. Up to a nonzero rational factor, the L-value at s=0 is given by the determinant of the pairing of Arakelov motivic cohomology of M with the motivic homology of M. Under standard assumptions concerning mixed motives over Q, $F_p$, and Z, this conjecture is essentia…
Weil representations associated to isocrystals over function fields
本文为函数域上的等晶体构造Weil群表示，推广Tate模到非纯等晶体，并得到特殊特征Drinfeld模的新表示。
We construct a cohomology theory with compact support H^i_c(X_ar,Z(n))$ for separated schemes of finite type over a finite field, which should play a role analog to Lichtenbaum's Weil-etale cohomology groups for smooth and projective schemes. In particular, if Tate's conjecture holds and rational and numerical equivalence agree up to torsion, then the groups H^i_c(X_ar,Z(n)) are finitely generated, form an integral version of l-adic cohomology with compact support, and admit a formula for the special values of the zeta-function of X.
This paper explores a refinement of homological mirror symmetry which relates exact symplectic topology to arithmetic algebraic geometry. We establish a derived equivalence of the Fukaya category of the 2-torus, relative to a basepoint, with the category of perfect complexes of coherent sheaves on the Tate curve over the "formal disc" Spec Z[[q]]. It specializes to a derived equivalence, over Z, of the Fukaya category of the punctured torus with perfect complexes on the curve y^2+xy=x^3 over Spec Z, the central fibre of the Tate curve; and, over the "punctured disc" Spec Z((q)), to an integral…
On quaternionic ordinary families of modular forms and $p$-adic $L$-functions
本文利用Serre-Tate展开构造四元数普通模形式族的幂级数，并关联到插值大 $p$-adic $L$-函数，扩展了Ohta的部分结果。
We prove new congruences between special values of Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions for $\mathrm{GL}(n+1)\times\mathrm{GL}(n)$ over arbitrary number fields. This allows us to control the behavior of $p$-adic $L$-functions under Tate twists and to prove the existence of non-abelian $p$-adic $L$-functions for Hida families on $\mathrm{GL}(n+1)\times\mathrm{GL}(n)$. As an application, we prove strong non-vanishing results for central $L$-values: We give sufficient local conditions for twisted central Rankin-Selberg $L$-values to be generically non-zero.
Let E/F be a finite Galois extension of totally real number fields and let p be a prime. The `p-adic Stark conjecture at s=1' relates the leading terms at s=1 of p-adic Artin L-functions to those of the complex Artin L-functions attached to E/F. We prove this conjecture unconditionally when E/Q is abelian. We also show that for certain non-abelian extensions E/F the p-adic Stark conjecture at s=1 is implied by Leopoldt's conjecture for E at p. Moreover, we prove that for a fixed prime p, the p-adic Stark conjecture at s=1 for E/F implies Stark's conjecture at s=1 for E/F. This leads to a `prim…
Cyclotomic norm congruences for zeta values and modular $L$-values
该研究在分圆塔中建立ζ函数与模L值的同余关系，在GL₁、GL₂情形下分别推导相关同余并给出应用，为相关数论问题提供了新的研究路径。
Tensor products of Drinfeld modules and convolutions of Goss $L$-series
本文在Papanikolas等框架下建立两个取值于Laurent级数域的Drinfeld模的Goss L-级数卷积特殊值结果，利用Fang类模公式与Schur多项式给出Rankin-Selberg型卷积公式，并显式计算张量积及对称、交错方的调节子。
Finite Fourier Duality, Radial Values, and Arithmetic of a Mod Eight False Theta Quotient
研究模八假 theta 矩商式的径向行为，建立有限傅里叶闭包，证明周期狄利克雷值非零，并给出系数整除性、二进插值及欧拉变换正性等算术结果。
In this article we show that all periods of uniformizable $t$-modules (resp. their coordinates) can be obtained via specializing a rigid analytic trivialization of a related dual $t$-motive at $t=θ$. The proof is even constructive. The central object in the construction is a subset $H$ of the Tate algebra points of $E$ which turns out to be isomorphic to the period lattice of $E$ via kind of generating series in one direction and residues in the other. This isomorphism even holds for arbitrary $t$-modules $E$, even non-abelian ones.
We prove that the Vologodsky integral of a mermorphic one-form on a curve over a $p$-adic field with semi-stable reduction restrict to Coleman integrals on the rigid subdomains reducing to the components of the smooth part of the special fiber and that on the connecting annuli the differences of these Coleman integrals form a harmonic cochain on the edges of the dual graph of the special fiber. This determines the Vologodsky integral completely. We analyze the behavior of the integral on the connecting annuli and we explain the results in the case of a Tate elliptic curve.
We define a generalisation of the completed Riemann zeta function in several complex variables. It satisfies a functional equation, shuffle product identities, and has simple poles along finitely many hyperplanes, with a recursive structure on its residues. The special case of two variables can be written as a partial Mellin transform of a real analytic Eisenstein series, which enables us to relate its values at pairs of positive even points to periods of (simple extensions of symmetric powers of the cohomology of) the CM elliptic curve corresponding to the Gaussian integers. In general, the t…
In this work we prove the so-called "torsion congruences" between abelian $p$-adic $L$-functions that are related to automorphic representations of definite unitary groups. These congruences play a central role in the non-commutative Iwasawa theory as it became clear in the works of Kakde, Ritter and Weiss on the non-abelian Main Conjecture for the Tate motive. We tackle these congruences for a general definite unitary group of $n$ variables and we obtain more explicit results in the special cases of $n=1$ and $n=2$. In both of these cases we also explain their implications for some particular…
The aim of this paper is to study certain family of elliptic curves $\{\mathscr{X}_H\}_H$ defined over a number field $F$ arising from hyperplane sections of some cubic surface $\mathscr{X}/F$ associated to a cyclic cubic extension $K/F$. We show that each $\mathscr{X}_H$ admits a 3-isogeny $ϕ$ over $F$ and the dual Selmer group $S^{(\hatϕ)}(\hat{\mathscr{X}_H}/F)$ is bounded by a kind of unit/class groups attached to $K/F$. This is proven via certain rational function on the elliptic curve $\mathscr{X}_H$ with nice property. We also prove that the Shafarevich-Tate group $\text{\cyr X} (\hat{\…
Invariant Primes in Lubin-Tate Space and Hovey-Strickland at Every Height
本文证明对任意高度和素数，Lubin-Tate 空间中 Morava 稳定化群开子群不变素理想恰为高度理想，并由此推出 Hovey-Strickland 分类。
Unimodal sequences and mixed false theta functions
本文研究单峰序列生成函数的Hecke-Appell型展开的两参数推广，确定其涉及混合假theta函数的显式表示，并恢复经典偏theta函数恒等式。
Bailey pairs, radial limits of $q$-hypergeometric false theta functions, and a conjecture of Hikami
该研究利用Bailey对证明了Hikami关于一类$q$-超几何伪theta函数径向极限可由级数截断版本计算的完整猜想，并展示Bailey对框架可推导更多同类结果。
ell-adic topological Jacquet-Langlands duality
本文构造了退化 Lubin-Tate 塔的拓扑实现，定义了谱的近旁与消失循环预层，并由此为任意谱 X 引入 ℓ-adic 拓扑 Jacquet-Langlands 对偶，建立了 Aut(G) 表示与 GL_n 超尖表示间的对应，并在高度 1 证明其保持 L-因子。
Special Values without Semi-Simplicity Via K-Theory
本文引入算术 C(S^1,R)-模范畴并计算其 K_0，从而在不依赖 Tate 半单性猜想的情况下定义乘法 Euler 示性数，并推广有限型 F_p 概形 zeta 值的上同调公式。
Let $k$ be a totally real number field. For every odd $n\geq 3$, we construct a Dedekind zeta motive in the category $\MT(k)$ of mixed Tate motives over $k$. By directly calculating its Hodge realisation, we prove that its period is a rational multiple of $π^{n[k:\Q]}ζ^*_k(1-n)$, where $ζ^*_k(1-n)$ denotes the special value of the Dedekind zeta function of $k$. We deduce that the group $\Ext^1_{\MT(k)} (\Q(0),\Q(n))$ is generated by the cohomology of a quadric relative to hyperplanes. This proves a surjectivity result for certain motivic complexes for $k$ that have been conjectured to calculat…
On the Beilinson-Bloch conjecture over function fields
本文研究了函数域上的贝利逊-布洛赫猜想，通过扩展贾恩森的结果并证明塔特猜想，推导出该猜想的特殊情形，并回答了Moonen关于Chow群的问题。
Let~$A$ be a quotient of $J_0(N)$ associated to a newform $f$ such that the special $L$-value of $A$ (at $s=1$) is non-zero. We give a formula for the ratio of the special $L$-value to the real period of $A$ that expresses this ratio as a rational number. We extract an integer factor from the numerator of this formula; this factor is non-trivial in general and is related to certain congruences of $f$ with eigenforms of positive analytic rank. We use the techniques of visibility to show that, under certain hypotheses (which includes the first part of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture on …
We give a direct proof that the Mazur-Tate and Coleman-Gross heights on elliptic curves coincide. The main ingredient is to extend the Coleman-Gross height to the case of divisors with non-disjoint support and, doing some $p$-adic analysis, show that, in particular, its component above $p$ gives, in the special case of an ordinary elliptic curve, the $p$-adic sigma function. We use this result to give a short proof of a theorem of Kim characterizing integral points on elliptic curves in some cases under weaker assumptions. As a further application, we give new formulas to compute double Colema…
In this paper we study the $p$-adic dynamics of prime-to-$p$ Hecke operators on the set of points of modular curves in both cases of good ordinary and supersingular reduction. We pay special attention to the dynamics on the set of CM points. In the case of ordinary reduction we employ the Serre-Tate coordinates, while in the case of supersingular reduction, we use a parameter on the deformation space of the unique formal group of height $2$ over $\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p$, and take advantage of the Gross-Hopkins period map.
We construct an integral model for Lubin-Tate curves as moduli of finite subgroups of formal deformations over complete Noetherian local rings. They are p-adic completions of the modular curves X_0(p) at a mod-p supersingular point. Our model is semistable in the sense that the only singularities of its special fiber are normal crossings. Given this model, we obtain a uniform presentation for the Dyer-Lashof algebra of Morava E-theories at height 2 as local moduli of power operations in elliptic cohomology.
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