For any complex classical group $G=O_N,Sp_N$ consider the ring $Z(g)$ of $G$-invariants in the corresponding enveloping algebra $U(g)$. Let $u$ be a complex parameter. For each $n=0,1,2,...$ and every partition $ν$ of $n$ into at most $N$ parts we define a certain rational function $Z_ν(u)$ which takes values in $Z(g)$. Our definition is motivated by the works of Cherednik and Sklyanin on the reflection equation, and also by the classical Capelli identity. The degrees in $U(g)$ of the values of $Z_ν(u)$ do not exceed $n$. We describe the images of these values in the $n$-th symmetric power of $g$. Our description involves the plethysm coefficients as studied by Littlewood, see Theorem 3.4 and Corollary 3.6.
We show how the use of superalgebraic methods sheds new light on some classical themes of representation theory and it leads to significant simplifications of traditional proofs.
The construction of the well-known Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations uses the central element of the second order in the universal enveloping algebra for some Lie algebra. But in the universal enveloping algebra there are central elements of higher orders. It seems desirable to use these elements for the construction of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov type equations. In the present paper we give a construction of such Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov type equations for the root system $B$ associated with Capelli central elements in the universal enveloping algebra for the orthogonal algebra.
We propose a new approach to a unified study of determinants, permanents, immanants, (determinantal) bitableaux and symmetrized bitableaux in the polynomial algebra $C[M_{n, n}]$ as well as of their Lie analogues in the enveloping algebra $U(gl(n))$. This leads to new relevant classes of elements in $U(gl(n))$: Capelli bitableaux, right Young-Capelli bitableaux and Capelli immanants. The set of standard Capelli bitableaux and the set of standard right Young-Capelli bitableaux are bases of $U(gl(n))$, whose action on the Gordan-Capelli basis of $C[M_{n, n}]$ have remarkable properties. Capelli …
In this work, we propose a new method for a unified study of some of the main features of the theory of the center of the enveloping algebra U(gl(n)) and of the algebra of shifted symmetric polynomials, that allows the whole theory to be developed, in a transparent and concise way, from the representation-theoretic point of view, that is entirely in the center of U(gl(n)). Our methodological innovation is the systematic use of the superalgebraic method of virtual variables for gl(n), which is, in turn, an extension of Capelli's method of "variabili ausiliarie".
We define a natural basis for the algebra of $\frak{gosp}(1|2n)$-invariant differential operators on the affine superspace $\mathbb{C}^{1|2n}$. We prove that these operators lie in the image of the centre of the enveloping algebra of $\frak{gosp}(1|2n)$. Using this result, we compute explicit formulas for the eigenvalues of these operators on irreducible summands of $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{C}^{1|2n})$. This settles the Capelli eigenvalue problem for orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras in the cases that were not addressed in Sahi-Salmasian-Serganova. Our main technique relies on an explicit calculat…
In this paper are introduced two classes of elements in the enveloping algebra $\mathbf{U}(gl(n))$: the \emph{double Young-Capelli bitableaux} $[\ \fbox{$S \ | \ T$}\ ]$ and the \emph{central} \emph{Schur elements} $\mathbf{S}_λ(n)$, that act in a remarkable way on the highest weight vectors of irreducible Schur modules. Any element $\mathbf{S}_λ(n)$ is the sum of all double Young-Capelli bitableaux $[\ \fbox{$S \ | \ S$}\ ]$, $S$ row (strictly) increasing Young tableaux of shape $\widetildeλ$. The Schur elements $\mathbf{S}_λ(n)$ are proved to be the preimages - with respect to the Harish-Cha…
This paper presents new generators for the center of the universal enveloping algebra of the symplectic Lie algebra. These generators are expressed in terms of the column-permanent, and it is easy to calculate their eigenvalues on irreducible representations. We can regard these generators as the counterpart of central elements of the universal enveloping algebra of the orthogonal Lie algebra given in terms of the column-determinant by A. Wachi. The earliest prototype of all these central elements is the Capelli determinants in the universal enveloping algebra of the general linear Lie algebra…
In this paper we study properties of a homomorphism $ρ$ from the universal enveloping algebra $U=U(\mathfrak{gl}(n+1))$ to a tensor product of an algebra $\mathcal D'(n)$ of differential operators and $U(\mathfrak{gl}(n))$. We find a formula for the image of the Capelli determinant of $\mathfrak{gl}(n+1)$ under $ρ$, and, in particular, of the images under $ρ$ of the Gelfand generators of the center $Z(\mathfrak{gl}(n+1))$ of $U$. This formula is proven by relating $ρ$ to the corresponding Harish-Chandra isomorphisms, and, alternatively, by using a purely computational approach. Furthermore, we…
This article presents a natural extension of the tensor algebra. In addition to "left multiplications" by vectors, we can consider "derivations" by covectors as basic operators on this extended algebra. These two types of operators satisfy an analogue of the canonical commutation relations. This algebra and these operators have some applications: (i) applications to invariant theory related to tensor products, and (ii) applications to immanants. The latter one includes a new method to study the quantum immanants in the universal enveloping algebras of the general linear Lie algebras and their …
We present and study two families of polynomials with coefficients in the center of the universal enveloping algebra. These polynomials are analogues of a determinant and a characteristic polynomial of a certain non-commutative matrix, labeled by irreducible representations of gl(n,C). The matrix is an image of the universal R-matrix of a Yangian of gl(n,C) under certain representation. We compute the polynomials explicitly for gl(2,C) and establish connections between the first family of polynomials and higher Capelli identities through some sort of plethysm.
We introduce the notion of Lie algebras with plus-minus pairs as well as regular plus-minus pairs. These notions deal with certain factorizations in universal enveloping algebras. We show that many important Lie algebras have such pairs and we classify, and give a full treatment of, the three dimensional Lie algebras with plus-minus pairs.
We obtain a presentation of quantum Schur algebras (over the field Q(v)) by generators and relations. This presentation is compatible with the usual presentation of the quantized universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra gl(2). We also locate the ``integral'' form of the quantum Schur algebra within the presented algebra and show it has a basis which is closely related to Lusztig's basis of the integral form of the quantized enveloping algebra.
Given a symmetric operad $\mathcal{P}$ and a $\mathcal{P}$-algebra $V$, the associative universal enveloping algebra ${\mathsf{U}_{\mathcal{P}}}$ is an associative algebra whose category of modules is isomorphic to the abelian category of $V$-modules. We study the notion of PBW property for universal enveloping algebras over an operad. In case $\mathcal{P}$ is Koszul a criterion for the PBW property is found. A necessary condition on the Hilbert series for $\mathcal{P}$ is discovered. Moreover, given any symmetric operad $\mathcal{P}$, together with a Gröbner basis $G$, a condition is given in…
We describe properties of the nonstandard q-deformation $U'_q({\rm so}_n)$ of the universal enveloping algebra $U({\rm so}_n)$ of the Lie algebra ${\rm so}_n$ which does not coincide with the Drinfeld--Jimbo quantum algebra $U_q({\rm so}_n)$. Irreducible representations of this algebras for q a root of unity q^p=1 are given. These representations act on p^N-dimensional linear space (where N is a number of positive roots of the Lie algebra ${\rm so}_n$) and are given by $r={\rm dim} {\rm so}_n$ complex parameters.
In this paper we define integral forms for the universal enveloping superalgebras of the map superalgebras of Cartan type complex Lie superalgebras, and exhibit explicit integral bases for these integral forms.
We show that canonical bases in $\dot{U}(\mathfrak{sl}_n)$ and the Schur algebra are compatible; in fact we extend this result to $p$-canonical bases. This follows immediately from a fullness result from a functor categorifying this map. In order to prove this result, we also explain the connections between categorifications of the Schur algebra which arise from parity sheaves on partial flag varieties, singular Soergel bimodules and Khovanov and Lauda's "flag category," which are of some independent interest.
Given a finite-dimensional, complex simple Lie algebra we exhibit an integral form for the universal enveloping algebra of its map algebra, and an explicit integral basis for this integral form. We also produce explicit commutation formulas in the universal enveloping algebras of the map algebras of sl_2 that allow us to write certain elements in Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt order.
The notion of a non-associative universal enveloping algebra for a Lie triple system arises when Lie triple systems are considered as Bol algebras (more generally, Sabinin algebras). In this paper a new construction for these universal enveloping algebras is given, and their properties are studied. It is shown that universal enveloping algebras of Lie triple systems have surprisingly few ideals. It is conjectured, and the conjecture is verified on several examples, that the only proper ideal of the universal enveloping algebra of a simple Lie triple system is the augmentation ideal.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a semi-simple Lie algebra with fixed root system, and $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ the quantization of its universal enveloping algebra. Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a subset of the simple roots of $\mathfrak{g}$. We show that the defining relations for $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ can be slightly modified in such a way that the resulting algebra $U_q(\mathfrak{g};\mathcal{S})$ allows a homomorphism onto (an extension of) the algebra $\mathrm{Pol}(\mathbb{G}_q/\mathbb{K}_{\mathcal{S},q})$ of functions on the quantum flag manifold $\mathbb{G}_q/\mathbb{K}_{\mathcal{S},q}$ corresponding to $\mathcal…
New commutative subalgebras of the maximal Gel'fand-Kirillov dimension in the universal enveloping algebras of classical Lie algebras gl(n) and so(n) are constructed. In the case of sp(n) Gel'fand-Tsetlin algebra is extended to a maximally commutative one.
We construct an integral form for the universal enveloping algebra of the Onsager algebra and an explicit integral basis for this integral form. We also formulate straightening identities among some products of basis elements.
We show that a set of monic polynomials in the free Lie superalgebra is a Gröbner-Shirshov basis for a Lie superalgebra if and only if it is a Gröbner-Shirshov basis for its universal enveloping algebra. We investigate the structure of Gröbner-Shirshov bases for Kac-Moody superalgebras and give explicit constructions of Gröbner-Shirshov bases for classical Lie superalgebras.
For any L-infinity algebra L, we construct an A-infinity structure on the space of symmetric tensors Sym*(L), which generalizes the classical universal enveloping for Lie algebras. Our construction is based on an invariant homotopy on a cobar construction of the symmetric coalgebra, which is obtained through its relation with permutahedra and Young tableaux.
We study the universal enveloping algebras of the one-parameter family of solvable 5-dimensional non-Lie Malcev algebras. We explicitly determine the universal nonassociative enveloping algebras (in the sense of Perez-Izquierdo and Shestakov) and the centers of the universal enveloping algebras. We also determine the universal alternative enveloping algebras.
Lie antialgebras is a class of supercommutative algebras recently appeared in symplectic geometry. We define the notion of enveloping algebra of a Lie antialgebra and study its properties. We show that every Lie antialgebra is canonically related to a Lie superalgebra and prove that its enveloping algebra is a quotient of the enveloping algebra of the corresponding Lie superalgebra.
In the paper a construction of central elements in $U(\mathfrak{o}_N)$ and $U(\mathfrak{g}_2)$ based on invariant theory is given. New function of matrix elements that appear in description of the center of $U(\mathfrak{g}_2)$ are defined.
We describe a new method to determine faithful representations of small dimension for a finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra. We give various applications of this method. In particular we find a new upper bound on the minimal dimension of a faithful module for the Lie algebras being counter examples to a well known conjecture of J. Milnor.
It is known that the universal enveloping algebra of the orthogonal Lie algebra of size even has a central element expressed in terms of Pfaffian of a certain matrix alternating along the anti-diagonal (which we call anti-alternating for short) whose entries are in the univerasal enveloping algebra. In this paper, we establish minor summation formulae of Pfaffian for the noncommutative anti-alternating matrix, as well as for commutative anti-alternating matrix. As an application, we show that the eigenvalues on the highest weight modules of the central element given by the Pfaffian can be easi…
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite dimensional complex simple classical Lie superalgebra and $A$ be a commutative, associative algebra with unity over $\mathbb{C}$. In this paper we define an integral form for the universal enveloping algebra of the map superalgebra $\mathfrak{g}\otimes A$, and exhibit an explicit integral basis for this integral form.
We study the interaction between the block decompositions of reduced universal enveloping algebras in positive characteristic, the PBW filtration, and the nilpotent cone. We provide two natural versions of the PBW filtration on the block subalgebra $A_λ$ of the restricted universal enveloping algebra $\mathcal{U}_χ(\mathfrak{g})$ and show these are dual to each other. We also consider a shifted PBW filtration for which we relate the associated graded algebra to the algebra of functions on the Frobenius neighbourhood of $0$ in the nilpotent cone and the coinvariants algebra corresponding to $λ$…
We introduce a notion of I-factorial quantum torsor, which consists of an integrable ergodic action of a locally compact quantum group on a type I-factor such that also the crossed product is a type I-factor. We show that any such I-factorial quantum torsor is at the same time a I-factorial quantum torsor for the dual locally compact quantum group, in such a way that the construction is involutive. As a motivating example, we show that quantized compact semisimple Lie groups, when amplified via a crossed product construction with the function algebra on the associated weight lattice, admit I-f…
Let k be a field and A a noetherian (noncommutative) k-algebra. The rigid dualizing complex of A was introduced by Van den Bergh. When A = U(g), the enveloping algebra of a finite dimensional Lie algebra g, Van den Bergh conjectured that the rigid dualizing complex is (U(g) \otimes \wedge^{n} g)[n], where n = dim g. We prove this conjecture, and give a few applications in representation theory and Hochschild cohomology.
Let $\ggg=\ggg_\bz+\ggg_\bo$ be a basic classical Lie superalgebra over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>2$, and $G$ be an algebraic supergroup satisfying $\Lie(G)=\ggg$, with the purely even subgroup $G_\ev$ which is a reductive group. The center $\cz:=\cz(\ggg)$ of the universal enveloping algebra of $\ggg$ easily turns out to be a domain. In this paper, we prove that the quotient field of $\cz$ coincides with that of the subalgebra generated by the $G_{\ev}$-invariant ring $\cz^{G_\ev}$ of $\cz$ and the $p$-center $\cz_0$ of $U(\ggg_\bz)$.
We give a presentation of Schur algebras (over the rational number field) by generators and relations, in fact a presentation which is compatible with Serre's presentation of the universal enveloping algebra of a simple Lie algebra. In the process we find a new basis for Schur algebras, a truncated form of the usual PBW basis. We also locate the integral Schur algebra within the presented algebra as the analogue of Kostant's Z-form, and show that it has an integral basis which is a truncated version of Kostant's basis.
In this paper we study injective modules over universal enveloping algebras of finite-dimensional Lie algebras over fields of arbitrary characteristic. Most of our results are dealing with fields of prime characteristic but we also elaborate on some of their analogues for solvable Lie algebras over fields of characteristic zero. It turns out that analogous results in both cases are often quite similar and resemble those familiar from commutative ring theory.
We prove a version of the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for the twisted quantized enveloping algebra U'_q(sp_2n). This is a subalgebra of U_q(gl_2n) and a deformation of the universal enveloping algebra U(sp_2n) of the symplectic Lie algebra. We classify finite-dimensional irreducible representations of U'_q(sp_2n) in terms of their highest weights and show that these representations are deformations of the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of sp_2n.
We investigate color Lie rings over finite group algebras and their universal enveloping algebras. We exhibit these universal enveloping algebras as PBW deformations of skew group algebras: Every color Lie ring over a finite group algebra with a particular Yetter-Drinfeld structure has universal enveloping algebra that is a quantum Drinfeld orbifold algebra. Conversely, every quantum Drinfeld orbifold algebra of a particular type arising from the action of an abelian group is the universal enveloping algebra of some color Lie ring over the group algebra. One consequence is that these quantum D…
The key role in the derivation of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations in the $WZW$-theory is played by the energy-momentum tensor, that is constructed from a central Casimir element of the second order in a universal enveloping algebra of a corresponding Lie algebra. In the paper a possibility of construction of analogs of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations using higher order central elements is investigated. The Gelfand elements of the third order for a simple Lie algebra of series $A$ and Capelli elements of the fourth order for the a simple Lie algebra of series $B$, $D$ are considered. In t…
We first discuss the construction by Perez-Izquierdo and Shestakov of universal nonassociative enveloping algebras of Malcev algebras. We then describe recent results on explicit structure constants for the universal enveloping algebras (both nonassociative and alternative) of the 4-dimensional solvable Malcev algebra and the 5-dimensional nilpotent Malcev algebra. We include a proof (due to Shestakov) that the universal alternative enveloping algebra of the real 7-dimensional simple Malcev algebra is isomorphic to the 8-dimensional division algebra of real octonions. We conclude with some bri…
The universal enveloping algebra $U(\mathfrak{tr}_n)$ of a Lie algebra associated to the classical Yang-Baxter equation was introduced in [BEER06] where it was shown to be Koszul. This algebra appears as the $A_{n-1}$ case in a general class of braided Hopf algebras in [BB09] for any complex reflection group. In this paper, we show that the algebras corresponding to the series $B_n$ and $D_n$, which are again universal enveloping algebras, are Koszul. We further show how results of [BB09] can be used to produce pairs of adjoint functors between categories of rational Cherednik algebra represen…
Let $(S,L)$ be a Lie-Rinehart pair such that $L$ is $S$-projective and let $U$ be its universal enveloping algebra. The purpose of this paper is to present a spectral sequence which converges to the Hochschild cohomology of $U$ and whose second page involves the Lie-Rinehart cohomology of the pair and the Hochschild cohomology of $S$ with values on $U$.
Perez-Izquierdo and Shestakov recently extended the PBW theorem to Malcev algebras. It follows from their construction that for any Malcev algebra $M$ over a field of characteristic $\ne 2, 3$ there is a representation of the universal nonassociative enveloping algebra $U(M)$ by linear operators on the polynomial algebra $P(M)$. For the nilpotent non-Lie Malcev algebra $\mathbb{M}$ of dimension 5, we use this representation to determine explicit structure constants for $U(\mathbb{M})$; from this it follows that $U(\mathbb{M})$ is not power-associative. We obtain a finite set of generators for …
Finite-dimensional Lie subalgebras of the universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{C})$
Institute for Quantum Computing Analytics (PGI-12), Forschungszentrum Jülich（于利希研究中心量子计算分析研究所）；Theoretical Physics, Universität des Saarlandes（萨尔兰大学理论物理系）
We describe a type of Lie color algebra, which we call generic, whose universal enveloping algebra is a domain with finite global dimension. Moreover, it is an iterated Ore extension. We provide an application and show Grobner basis methods can be used to study universal enveloping algebras of factors of generic Lie color algebras.
Let $\mf g$ be the Witt algebra or the positive Witt algebra. It is well known that the enveloping algebra $U(\mf g )$ has intermediate growth and thus infinite Gelfand-Kirillov (GK-) dimension. We prove that the GK-dimension of $U(\mf g)$ is {\em just infinite} in the sense that any proper quotient of $U(\mf g)$ has polynomial growth. This proves a conjecture of Petukhov and the second named author for the positive Witt algebra. We also establish the corresponding results for quotients of the symmetric algebra $S(\mf g)$ by proper Poisson ideals. In fact, we prove more generally that any cent…
Dixmier and Moeglin gave an algebraic condition and a topological condition for recognising the primitive ideals among the prime ideals of the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra; they showed that the primitive, rational, and locally closed ideals coincide. In modern terminology, they showed that the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra satisfies the Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence. We define quantities which measure how "close" an arbitrary prime ideal of a noetherian algebra is to being primitive, rational, and locally clos…
For n even, we prove Pozhidaev's conjecture on the existence of associative enveloping algebras for simple n-Lie algebras. More generally, for n even and any (n+1)-dimensional n-Lie algebra L, we construct a universal associative enveloping algebra U(L) and show that the natural map from L to U(L) is injective. We use noncommutative Grobner bases to present U(L) as a quotient of the free associative algebra on a basis of L and to obtain a monomial basis of U(L). In the last section, we provide computational evidence that the construction of U(L) is much more difficult for n odd.
We construct the universal enveloping algebra of a Hom-Lie algebra and endow it with a Hom-Hopf algebra structure. We discuss group-like elements that we see as a Hom-group integrating the initial Hom-Lie algebra.
