Injective Modules and Prime Ideals of Universal Enveloping Algebras
Joerg Feldvoss
备注：
13 pages, typos corrected
发表信息：
Abelian Groups, Rings, Modules, and Homological Algebra, Auburn, AL, 2004 (eds. P. Goeters and O. M. G. Jenda), Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 249, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton/London/New York, 2006, pp. 107-119
In this paper we study injective modules over universal enveloping algebras of finite-dimensional Lie algebras over fields of arbitrary characteristic. Most of our results are dealing with fields of prime characteristic but we also elaborate on some of their analogues for solvable Lie algebras over fields of characteristic zero. It turns out that analogous results in both cases are often quite similar and resemble those familiar from commutative ring theory.
We use the theory of varieties for modules arising from Hochschild cohomology to give an alternative version of the wildness criterion of Bergh and Solberg: If a finite dimensional self-injective algebra has a module of complexity at least 3 and satisfies some finiteness assumptions on Hochschild cohomology, then the algebra is wild. We show directly how this is related to the analogous theory for Hopf algebras that we developed. We give applications to many different types of algebras: Hecke algebras, reduced universal enveloping algebras, small half-quantum groups, and Nichols (quantum symme…
The injective polynomial modules for a general linear group $G$ of degree $n$ are labelled by the partitions with at most $n$ parts. Working over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$, we consider the question of which partitions correspond to polynomially injective modules that are also injective as modules for the restricted enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra of $G$. The question is related to the "index of divisibility" of a polynomial module in general, and an explicit answer is given for $n=2$.
Let $\ggg=\ggg_\bz+\ggg_\bo$ be a basic classical Lie superalgebra over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>2$, and $G$ be an algebraic supergroup satisfying $\Lie(G)=\ggg$, with the purely even subgroup $G_\ev$ which is a reductive group. The center $\cz:=\cz(\ggg)$ of the universal enveloping algebra of $\ggg$ easily turns out to be a domain. In this paper, we prove that the quotient field of $\cz$ coincides with that of the subalgebra generated by the $G_{\ev}$-invariant ring $\cz^{G_\ev}$ of $\cz$ and the $p$-center $\cz_0$ of $U(\ggg_\bz)$.
We determine the length of composition series of projective modules of G-transitive algebras with an Auslander-Reiten component of Euclidean tree class. Furthermore we show that modules with certain length of composition series are periodic. We apply these results to G-transitive blocks of the Universal enveloping of restricted p-Lie algebras and prove that G-transitive principal blocks only allow components with Euclidean tree class if p=2. Finally we deduce conditions for a smash product of a local basic algebra with a commutative semi-simple group algebra to have components with Euclidean t…
If $\fg$ is a semisimple Lie algebra, we describe the prime factors of $\mcU(\fg)$ that have enough finite dimensional modules. The proof depends on some combinatorial facts about the Weyl group which may be of independent interest. We also determine, which finite dimensional $\mcU(\fg)$-modules are modules over a given prime factor. As an application we study finite dimensional modules over some rings of invariant differential operators arising from Howe duality.
Perez-Izquierdo and Shestakov recently extended the PBW theorem to Malcev algebras. It follows from their construction that for any Malcev algebra $M$ over a field of characteristic $\ne 2, 3$ there is a representation of the universal nonassociative enveloping algebra $U(M)$ by linear operators on the polynomial algebra $P(M)$. For the nilpotent non-Lie Malcev algebra $\mathbb{M}$ of dimension 5, we use this representation to determine explicit structure constants for $U(\mathbb{M})$; from this it follows that $U(\mathbb{M})$ is not power-associative. We obtain a finite set of generators for …
Injective, pure-injective and fp-injective modules are well known to provide for approximations in the category Mod-R for an arbitrary ring R. We prove that this fails for many other generalizations of injectivity: the $C_1$, $C_2$, $C_3$, quasi-continuous, continuous, and quasi-injective modules. We show that, except for the class of all $C_1$-modules, each of the latter classes provides for approximations only when it coincides with the injectives (for quasi-injective modules, this forces R to be a right noetherian V-ring, in the other cases, R even has to be semisimple artinian). The class …
We study finite dimensional representations over some Noetherian algebras over a field of characteristic zero. More precisely, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the category of locally finite dimensional representations to be closed under taking injective hulls and extend results known for group rings and enveloping algebras to Ore extensions, Hopf crossed products and affine Hopf algebras of low Gelfand-Kirillov dimension.
For n even, we prove Pozhidaev's conjecture on the existence of associative enveloping algebras for simple n-Lie algebras. More generally, for n even and any (n+1)-dimensional n-Lie algebra L, we construct a universal associative enveloping algebra U(L) and show that the natural map from L to U(L) is injective. We use noncommutative Grobner bases to present U(L) as a quotient of the free associative algebra on a basis of L and to obtain a monomial basis of U(L). In the last section, we provide computational evidence that the construction of U(L) is much more difficult for n odd.
Dixmier and Moeglin gave an algebraic condition and a topological condition for recognising the primitive ideals among the prime ideals of the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra; they showed that the primitive, rational, and locally closed ideals coincide. In modern terminology, they showed that the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra satisfies the Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence. We define quantities which measure how "close" an arbitrary prime ideal of a noetherian algebra is to being primitive, rational, and locally clos…
We study (two-sided) ideals $I$ in the enveloping algebra $\U(\frak g_\infty)$ of an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra $\frak g_\infty$ obtained as the union (equivalently, direct limit) of an arbitrary chain of embeddings of simple finite-dimensional Lie algebras $\frak g_1\to\frak g_2\to...\to\frak g_n\to...$ with $\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\dim\frak g_n=\infty$. Our main result is an explicit description of the zero-sets of the corresponding graded ideals $\gr I$. We use this description and results of A. Zhilinskii to prove Baranov's conjecture that, if $\frak g_\infty$ is not diagonal in the…
Let $u_ζ(g)$ denote the small quantum group associated to the simple complex Lie algebra $g$, with parameter $q$ specialized to a primitive $\ell$-th root of unity $ζ$ in the field $k$. Generalizing a result of Cline, Parshall and Scott, we show that if $M$ is a finite-dimensional $u_ζ(g)$-module admitting a compatible torus action, then the injectivity of $M$ as a module for $u_ζ(g)$ can be detected by the restriction of $M$ to certain root subalgebras of $u_ζ(g)$. If the characteristic of $k$ is positive, then this injectivity criterion also holds for the higher Frobenius--Lusztig kernels $U…
Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras of finite Lie type come with families of standard modules, which under the Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier categorification correspond to PBW-bases of the positive part of the corresponding quantized enveloping algebra. We show that there are no non-zero homomorphisms between distinct standard modules and all non-zero endomorphisms of a standard module are injective. We obtain applications to extensions between standard modules and modular representation theory of KLR algebras.
Given an algebraic Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ over $\mathbb{C}$, we canonically associate to it a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_{\infty}$ defined over $\mathbb{C}_{\infty}$-the reduction of $\mathbb{C}$ mod infinitely large prime, and show that for a class of Lie algebras $\mathfrak{g}_{\infty}$ is an invariant of the derived category of $\mathfrak{g}$-modules. We give two applications of this construction. First, we show that the bounded derived category of $\mathfrak{g}$-modules determines algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ for a class of Lie algebras. Second, given a semi-simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ …
The modular representation theory of the queer Lie superalgebra q(n) over characteristic p>2 is developed. We obtain a criterion for the irreducibility of baby Verma modules with semisimple p-characters and a criterion for the semisimplicity of the corresponding reduced enveloping algebras. A (2p)-power divisibility of dimensions of q(n)-modules with nilpotent p-characters is established. The representation theory of q(2) is treated in detail. We formulate a Morita super-equivalence conjecture for q(n) with general p-characters which is verified for n=2.
We use the theory of finite W-algebras associated to nilpotent orbits in the Lie algebra g = gl_N(C) to give another proof of Moeglin's theorem about completely prime primitive ideals in the enveloping algebra U(g). We also make some new observations about Joseph's Goldie rank polynomials in Cartan type A.
We begin a study of torsion theories for representations of an important class of associative algebras over a field which includes all finite W-algebras of type A, in particular the universal enveloping algebra of gl(n) (or sl(n)) for all n. If U is such and algebra which contains a finitely generated commutative subalgebra A, then we show that any A-torsion theory defined by the coheight of prime ideals is liftable to U. Moreover, for any simple U-module M, all associated prime ideals of M in Spec A have the same coheight. Hence,thecoheight of the associated prime ideals of A is an invariant …
We prove that any finite W-algebra U(g,e) admits a one-dimensional representation fixed by the action of the component group of the centraliser of e. As a consequence, for any nilpotent orbit O in g there exists a multiplicity-free (and hence completely prime) primitive ideal of the universal enveloping algebra U(g) whose associated variety coincides with the Zariski closure of O.
Let ${\mathfrak g}$ be a finite dimensional complex simple Lie algebra, and let $r,s\in \mathbb{C}^{\ast}$ be transcendental over $\mathbb{Q}$ such that $r^{m}s^{n}=1$ implies $m=n=0$. We will obtain some basic properties of the two-parameter quantized enveloping algebra $U_{r,s}^{+}(\mathfrak g)$. In particular, we will verify that the algebra $U_{r,s}^{+}(\mathfrak g)$ satisfies many nice properties such as having normal separation, catenarity and Dixmier-Moeglin equivalence. We shall study a concrete example, the algebra $U_{r,s}^{+}(B_{2})$ in detail. We will first determine the normal ele…
For a restricted Lie superalgebra g over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 2, we generalize the deformation method of Premet and Skryabin to obtain results on the p-power and 2-power divisibility of dimensions of g-modules. In particular, we give a new proof of the Super Kac-Weisfeiler conjecture for basic classical Lie superalgebras. The new proof allows us to improve optimally the assumption on p. We also establish a semisimplicity criterion for the reduced enveloping superalgebras associated with semisimple p-characters for all basic classical Lie superalgebras using the t…
We classify filtered quantizations of conical symplectic singularities and use this to show that all filtered quantizations of symplectic quotient singularities are spherical Symplectic reflection algebras of Etingof and Ginzburg. We further apply our classification and a classification of filtered Poisson deformations obtained by Namikawa to establish a version of the Orbit method for semisimple Lie algebras. Namely, we produce a natural map from the set of adjoint orbits in a semisimple Lie algebra to the set of primitive ideals in the universal enveloping algebra. We show that the map is in…
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a complex simple Lie algebra and let $U_ζ({\mathfrak g})$ be the corresponding Lusztig ${\mathbb Z}[q,q^{-1}]$-form of the quantized enveloping algebra specialized to an $\ell$th root of unity. Moreover, let $\mod(U_ζ({\mathfrak g}))$ be the braided monoidal category of finite-dimensional modules for $U_ζ({\mathfrak g})$. In this paper we classify the thick tensor ideals of $\mod(U_ζ({\mathfrak g}))$ and compute the prime spectrum of the stable module category associated to $\text{mod}(U_ζ({\mathfrak g}))$ as defined by Balmer.
For a module-finite algebra over a commutative noetherian ring, we give a complete description of flat cotorsion modules in terms of prime ideals of the algebra, as a generalization of Enochs' result for a commutative noetherian ring. As a consequence, we show that pointwise Matlis duality gives a bijective correspondence between the isoclasses of indecomposable injective left modules and the isoclasses of indecomposable flat cotorsion right modules. This correspondence is an explicit realization of Herzog's homeomorphism induced from elementary duality of Ziegler spectra.
The aim of this paper is to study the representation theory of quantum Schubert cells. Let $\g$ be a simple complex Lie algebra. To each element $w$ of the Weyl group $W$ of $\g$, De Concini, Kac and Procesi have attached a subalgebra $U_q[w]$ of the quantised enveloping algebra $U_q(\g)$. Recently, Yakimov showed that these algebras can be interpreted as the quantum Schubert cells on quantum flag manifolds. In this paper, we study the primitive ideals of $U_q[w]$. More precisely, it follows from the Stratification Theorem of Goodearl and Letzter that the primitive spectrum of $U_q[w]$ admits …
Let $G_o$ be a semisimple Lie group, let $K_o$ be a maximal compact subgroup of $G_o$ and let $\mathfrak{k}\subset\mathfrak{g}$ denote the complexification of their Lie algebras. Let $G$ be the adjoint group of $\mathfrak{g}$ and let $K$ be the connected Lie subgroup of $G$ with Lie algebra $ad(\mathfrak{k})$. If $U(\mathfrak{g})$ is the universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ then $U(\mathfrak{g})^K$ will denote the centralizer of $K$ in $U(\mathfrak{g})$. Also let $P:U(\mathfrak{g})\longrightarrow U(\mathfrak{k})\otimes U(\mathfrak{a})$ be the projection map corresponding to the direc…
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a simple complex Lie algebra. In this paper we study the BGG category $\mathcal O_q$ for the quantum group $U_q(\mathfrak g)$ with $q$ being a root of unity in a field $K$ of characteristic $p >0$. We first consider the simple modules in $\mathcal O_q$ and prove a Steinberg tensor product theorem for them. This result reduces the problem of determining the corresponding irreducible characters to the same problem for a finite subset of finite dimensional simple modules. Then we investigate more closely the Verma modules in $\mathcal O_q$. Except for the special Verma module…
With a nilpotent element in a semisimple Lie algebra g one associates a finitely generated associative algebra W called a W-algebra of finite type. This algebra is obtained from the universal enveloping algebra U(g) by a certain Hamiltonian reduction. We observe that W is the invariant algebra for an action of a reductive group G with Lie algebra g on a quantized symplectic affine variety and use this observation to study W. Our results include an alternative definition of W, a relation between the sets of prime ideals of W and of the corresponding universal enveloping algebra, the existence o…
Let $\sO$ be a discrete valuation ring with fraction field $K$ and residue field $k$. A quasi-hereditary algebra $\wA$ over $\sO$ provides a bridge between the representation theory of the quasi-hereditary algebra $\wA_K:=K\otimes \wA$ over the field $K$ and the quasi-hereditary algebra $A_k:=k\otimes_\sO\wA$ over $k$. In one important example, $\wA_K$--mod is a full subcategory of the category of modules for a quantum enveloping algebra while $\wA_k$--mod is a full subcategory of the category of modules for a reductive group in positive characteristic. This paper considers first the question …
Given a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of an algebraic group over a ring $S,$ we show that the first Kac-Weisfeiler conjecture holds for reductions of $\mathfrak{g} \mod p$ for large enough primes $p,$ reproving a recent result of Martin, Stewart and Topley. As a byproduct of our proof, we show that the center of the skew field of fractions of the the enveloping algebra $\mathfrak{U}\mathfrak{g}_{k}$ for a field $k$ of characteristic $p>>0$ is generated by the $p$-center and by the reduction $\mod p$ of the center of the fraction skew field of $\mathfrak{U}\mathfrak{g}.$
We consider the finite $W$-algebra $U(\g,e)$ associated to a nilpotent element $e \in \g$ in a simple complex Lie algebra $\g$ of exceptional type. Using presentations obtained through an algorithm based on the PBW-theorem, we verify a conjecture of Premet, that $U(\g,e)$ always has a 1-dimensional representation, when $\g$ is of type $G_2$, $F_4$, $E_6$ or $E_7$. Thanks to a theorem of Premet, this allows one to deduce the existence of minimal dimension representations of reduced enveloping algebras of modular Lie algebras of the above types. In addition, a theorem of Losev allows us to deduc…
