The braid monodromy factorization of the branch curve of a surface of general type is known to be an invariant that completely determines the diffeomorphism type of the surface. Calculating this factorization is of high technical complexity; computing the braid monodromy factorization of branch curves of surfaces uncovers new facts and invariants of the surfaces. Since finding the branch curve of a surface is very difficult, we degenerate the surface into a union of planes. Thus, we can find the braid monodromy of the branch curve of the degenerated surface, which is a union of lines. The regeneration of the singularities of the branch curve, studied locally, leads us to find the global braid monodromy factorization of the branch curve of the original surface. So far, only the regeneration of the BMF of 3,4 and 6-point (a singular point which is the intersection of 3 / 4 / 6 planes) were done. In this paper, we fill the gap and find the braid monodromy of the regeneration of a 5-point. This is of great importance to the understanding of the BMT (braid monodromy type) of surfaces. This braid monodromy will be used to find the global braid monodromy factorization of different surfaces; in particular - the monodromy of the branch curve of the Hirzebruch surface $F_{2,(2,2)}$.
This paper is the first in a series of three papers concerning the surface T times T. In this paper we study the degeneration of T times T and the regeneration of its degenerated object. We study the braid monodromy and its regeneration.
We prove that the monodromy group of the inflection points of plane curves of degree $d$ is the symmetric group $\mathbb S_{3d(d-2)}$ for $d\geq 4$ and in the case $d=3$ this group is the group of the projective transformations of $\mathbb P^2$ leaving invariant the nine inflection points of the Fermat curve of degree three.
We study the Tannakian properties of the category of perverse sheaves on elliptic curves endowed with the convolution product. We establish that for certain sheaves with unipotent local monodromy over seven points the corresponding Tannaka group is isomorphic to $G_2$. This monodromy approach generalizes a result of Katz on the existence of $G_2$-motives in the middle cohomology of deformations of Beauville surfaces.
The aim of this thesis is to study under which conditions $K3$ surfaces allowing a triple-point-free model satisfy the monodromy property. This property is a quantitative relation between the geometry of the degeneration of a Calabi-Yau variety $X$ and the monodromy action on the cohomology of $X$: a Calabi-Yau variety $X$ satisfies the monodromy property if poles of the motivic zeta function $Z_{X,ω}(T)$ induce monodromy eigenvalues on the cohomology of $X$. In this thesis, we focus on $K3$ surfaces allowing a triple-point-free model, i.e., $K3$ surfaces allowing a strict normal crossings mod…
We prove a fixed point theorem for the action of certain local monodromy groups on étale covers and use it to deduce lower bounds in essential dimension. In particular, we give more geometric proofs of many (but not all) of the results of the preprint of Farb, Kisin and Wolfson, which uses arithmetic methods to prove incompressibility results for Shimura varieties and moduli spaces of curves. Our method allows us to prove results for exceptional groups, and also for the reduction modulo good primes of Shimura varieties and moduli spaces of curves.
Doran and Morgan have introduced certain rational basis for the monodromy group of the Picard-Fuchs operator of a hypergeometric family of Calabi-Yau threefolds. In this paper we compute numerically the transition matrix between a generalization of the Doran-Morgan basis and the Frobenius basis at a half-conifold point of a one-parameter family of double octic Calabi-Yau threefolds. We identify the entries of this matrix as rational functions in the special values $L(f,1)$ and $L(f,2)$ of the corresponding modular form $f$ and one constant. We also present related results concerning the rank o…
Let $X$ be a general complex projective hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^{n+1}$ of degree $d>1$. A point $P$ not in $X$ is called uniform if the monodromy group of the projection of $X$ from $P$ is isomorphic to the symmetric group. We prove that all the points in $\mathbb{P}^{n+1}$ are uniform for $X$, generalizing a result of Cukierman on general plane curves.
Let $X$ be an irreducible, reduced complex projective hypersurface of degree $d$. A point $P$ not contained in $X$ is called uniform if the monodromy group of the projection of $X$ from $P$ is isomorphic to the symmetric group $S_d$. We prove that the locus of non--uniform points is finite when $X$ is smooth or a general projection of a smooth variety. In general, it is contained in a finite union of linear spaces of codimension at least $2$, except possibly for a special class of hypersurfaces with singular locus linear in codimension $1$. Moreover, we generalise a result of Fukasawa and Taka…
We define an iterative construction that produces a family of elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau $n$-folds with section from a family of elliptic Calabi-Yau varieties of one dimension lower. Parallel to the geometric construction, we iteratively obtain for each family with a point of maximal unipotent monodromy, normalized to be at t=0, its Picard-Fuchs operator and a closed-form expression for the period holomorphic at t=0, through a generalization of the classical Euler transform for hypergeometric functions. In particular, our construction yields one-parameter families of elliptically fibered …
Let ${\cal M}_{g,n}$, for $2g-2+n>0$, be the moduli stack of $n$-pointed, genus $g$, smooth curves. For a family $C\to S$ of such curves over a connected base and a geometric point $ξ$ on $S$, the associated monodromy representation is the induced homomorphism $π_1(S,ξ)\toπ_1({\cal M}_{g,n},[C_ξ])$ on algebraic fundamental groups. It is well known that, if $S$ is irreducible, reduced and locally of finite type over a field $k$ of characteristic zero, the fibre $C_ξ$ and the corresponding monodromy representation determine the relative isomorphism class of the family. In the first part of the p…
We show that if we are given a smooth non-isotrivial family of elliptic curves over~$\mathbb C$ with a smooth base~$B$ for which the general fiber of the mapping $J\colon B\to\mathbb A^1$ (assigning $j$-invariant of the fiber to a point) is connected, then the monodromy group of the family (acting on $H^1(\cdot,\mathbb Z)$ of the fibers) coincides with $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb Z)$; if the general fiber has $m\ge2$ connected components, then the monodromy group has index at most~$2m$ in $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb Z)$. By contrast, in \emph{any} family of hyperelliptic curves of genus $g\ge3$, the mon…
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. For a log curve $X/k^{\times}$ over the standard log point, we define (algebraically) a combinatorial monodromy operator on its log-de Rham cohomology group. The invariant part of this action has a cohomological description, it is the Du Bois cohomology of $X$. This can be seen as an analogue of the invariant cycles exact sequence for a semistable family (as in the complex, étale and $p$-adic settings). In the specific case in which $k=\mathbb C$ and $X$ is the central fiber of a semistable degeneration over the complex disc, our …
We show that the monodromy operator action on the first cohomology group of the Milnor fiber is combinatorially determined for line arrangements with at most triple points and containing at most 18 lines, with one possible exception.
The main objects of study in this paper are the poles of several local zeta functions: the Igusa, topological and motivic zeta function associated to a polynomial or (germ of) holomorphic function in n variables. We are interested in poles of maximal possible order n. In all known cases (curves, non-degenerate polynomials) there is at most one pole of maximal order n which is then given by the log canonical threshold of the function at the corresponding singular point. For an isolated singular point we prove that if the log canonical threshold yields a pole of order n of the corresponding (loc…
In 2011 Lemahieu and Van Proeyen proved the Monodromy Conjecture for the local topological zeta function of a non-degenerated surface singularity. We start from their work and obtain the same result for Igusa's p-adic and the motivic zeta function. In the p-adic case, this is, for a polynomial f in Z[x,y,z] satisfying f(0,0,0)=0 and non-degenerated with respect to its Newton polyhedron, we show that every pole of the local p-adic zeta function of f induces an eigenvalue of the local monodromy of f at some point of the complex zero locus of f close to the origin. Essentially the entire paper is…
Let S be a K3 surface and Aut D(S) the group of auto-equivalences of the derived category of S. We construct a natural representation of Aut D(S) on the cohomology of all moduli spaces of stable sheaves (with primitive Mukai vectors) on S. The main result of this paper is the precise relation of this action with the monodromy of the Hilbert schemes S^[n] of points on the surface. A formula is provided for the monodromy representation, in terms of the Chern character of the universal sheaf. Isometries of the second cohomology of S^[n] are lifted, via this formula, to monodromy operators of the …
Let S be a K3 surface. In part I of this paper, we constructed a representation of the group Aut D(S), of auto-equivalences of the derived category of S. We interpreted this infinite dimensional representation, as the natural action of Aut D(S) on the cohomology of all moduli spaces of stable sheaves (with primitive Mukai vectors) on S. The main result, of part I, is the precise relation of this action with the monodromy of the Hilbert schemes S^[n] of points on the surface. The proof of the above result was reduced, in part I, to the case of two monodromy operators of S^[n], associated with c…
In many areas of applied mathematics and statistics, it is a fundamental problem to find the best representative of a model by optimizing an objective function. This can be done by determining critical points of the objective function restricted to the model. We compile ideas arising from numerical algebraic geometry to compute the critical points of an objective function. Our method consists of using numerical homotopy continuation and a monodromy action on the total critical space to compute all of the complex critical points of an objective function. To illustrate the relevance of our metho…
We analyze the link between the occurrence of massless B-type D-branes for specific values of moduli and monodromy around such points in the moduli space. This allows us to propose a classification of all massless B-type D-branes at any point in the moduli space of Calabi-Yau's. This classification then justifies a previous conjecture due to Horja for the general form of monodromy. Our analysis is based on using monodromies around points in moduli space where a single D-brane becomes massless to generate monodromies around points where an infinite number become massless. We discuss the various…
Let $X$ be a geometrically irreducible smooth projective curve defined over a field $k$. Assume that $X$ has a $k$-rational point; fix a $k$-rational point $x\in X$. From these data we construct an affine group scheme ${\mathcal G}_X$ defined over the field $k$ as well as a principal ${\mathcal G}_X$-bundle $E_{{\mathcal G}_X}$ over the curve $X$. The group scheme ${\mathcal G}_X$ is given by a ${\mathbb Q}$--graded neutral Tannakian category built out of all strongly semistable vector bundles over $X$. The principal bundle $E_{{\mathcal G}_X}$ is tautological. Let $G$ be a linear algebraic gr…
The uniform position principle states that, given an irreducible nondegenerate curve C in the projective r-space $P^r$, a general (r-2)-plane L is uniform, that is, projection from L induces a rational map from C to $P^1$ whose monodromy group is the full symmetric group. In this paper we show the locus of non-uniform (r-2)-planes has codimension at least two in the Grassmannian for a curve C with arbitrary singularities. This result is optimal in $P^2$. For a smooth curve C in $P^3$ that is not a rational curve of degree three, four or six, we show any irreducible surface of non-uniform lines…
We give a new proof - not using resolution of singularities - of a formula of Denef and the second author expressing the Lefschetz number of iterates of the monodromy of a function on a smooth complex algebraic variety in terms of the Euler characteristic of a space of truncated arcs. Our proof uses l-adic cohomology of non-archimedean spaces, motivic integration and the Lefschetz fixed point formula for finite order automorphisms. We also consider a generalization due to Nicaise and Sebag and at the end of the paper we discuss connections with the motivic Serre invariant and the motivic Milno…
Recently J.C. Rohde constructed families of Calabi-Yau threefolds parametrised by Shimura varieties. The points corresponding to threefolds with CM are dense in the Shimura variety and, moreover, the families do not have boundary points with maximal unipotent monodromy. Both aspects are of interest for Mirror Symmetry. In this paper we discuss one of Rohde's examples in detail and we explicitly give the Picard-Fuchs equation for this one dimensional family.
The complete classification of (3,3)-nets and of (3,4)-nets with only double and triple points is given. Up to lattice isomorphism, there are exactly 3 effective possibilities in each case, and some of these provide new examples of pencil-type line arrangements. For arrangements consisting of at most 14 lines and having points of multiplicity at most 5, we show that the non-triviality of the monodromy on the first cohomology H^1(F) of the associated Milnor fiber F implies the arrangement is of reduced pencil-type. In particular, the monodromy is determined by the combinatorics in such cases.
We generalize the Moishezon Teicher algorithm that was suggested for the computation of the braid monodromy of an almost real curve. The new algorithm suits a larger family of curves, and enables the computation of braid monodromy not only of caspidal curves, but of general algebraic curves, with some non simple singularities. Moreover, it works also when in the fiber the curve admits any number of imaginary points. We also provide two examples of how to use the generalized algorithm.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ and let $X$ the projective line over $k$ with three points removed. We investigate which finite groups $G$ can arise as the monodromy group of finite étale covers of $X$ that are tamely ramified over the three removed points. This provides new information about the tame fundamental group of the projective line. In particular, we show that for each prime $p\ge 5$, there are families of tamely ramified covers with monodromy the symmetric group $S_n$ or alternating group $A_n$ for infinitely many $n$. These covers come from the moduli…
We combine the newly discovered technique, which computes explicit formulas for the image of an algebraic curve under rational transformation, with techniques that enable to compute braid monodromies of such curves. We use this combination in order to study properties of the braid monodromy of the image of curves under a given rational transformation. A description of the general method is given along with full classification of the images of two intersecting lines under degree 2 rational transformation. We also establish a connection between degree 2 rational transformations and the local bra…
We investigate the local contribution of the braid monodromy factorization in the context of the links obtained by the closure of these braids. We consider plane curves which are arrangements of lines and conics as well as some algebraic surfaces, where some of the former occur as local configurations in degenerated and regenerated surfaces in the latter. In particular we focus on degenerations which involve intersection points of multiplicity two and three. We demonstrate when the same links arise even when the local arrangements are different.
Fix a degree $d$ projective curve $X \subset \mathbb{P}^r$ over an algebraically closed field $K$. Let $U \subset (\mathbb{P}^r)^*$ be a dense open subvariety such that every hyperplane $H \in U$ intersects $X$ in $d$ smooth points. Varying $H \in U$ produces the monodromy action $φ: π_1^{\text{ét}}(U) \to S_d$. Let $G_X := \mathrm{im}(φ)$. The permutation group $G_X$ is called the sectional monodromy group of $X$. In characteristic zero $G_X$ is always the full symmetric group, but sectional monodromy groups in characteristic $p$ can be smaller. For a large class of space curves ($r \geqslant…
The pure braid group Γof a quadruply-punctured Riemann sphere acts on the SL(2,C)-moduli M of the representation variety of such sphere. The points in M are classified into Γ-orbits. We show that, in this case, the monodromy groups of many explicit solutions to the Riemann-Hilbert problem are subgroups of SU(2). Most of these solutions are examples of representations that have dense images in SU(2), but with finite Γ-orbits in M. These examples relate to explicit immersions of constant mean curvature surfaces.
We review the idea of Pi-stability for B-type D-branes on a Calabi-Yau manifold. It is shown that the octahedral axiom from the theory of derived categories is an essential ingredient in the study of stability. Various examples in the context of the quintic Calabi-Yau threefold are studied and we plot the lines of marginal stability in several cases. We derive the conjecture of Kontsevich, Horja and Morrison for the derived category version of monodromy around a "conifold" point. Finally, we propose an application of these ideas to the study of supersymmetry breaking.
We solve the Hurwitz monodromy problem for degree-4 covers. That is, the Hurwitz space H_{4,g} of all simply branched covers of P^1 of degree 4 and genus g is an unramified cover of the space P_{2g+6} of (2g+6)-tuples of distinct points in P^1. We determine the monodromy of pi_1(P_{2g+6}) on the points of the fiber. This turns out to be the same problem as the action of pi_1(P_{2g+6}) on a certain local system of Z/2-vector spaces. We generalize our result by treating the analogous local system with Z/N coefficients, gcd(3,N)=1, in place of Z/2. This in turn allows us to answer a question of E…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克理工大学信息学、机器人学与控制论研究所）；Duke University（杜克大学）
We consider Galois/monodromy groups arising in computer vision applications, with a view towards building more efficient polynomial solvers. The Galois/monodromy group allows us to decide when a given problem decomposes into algebraic subproblems, and whether or not it has any symmetries. Tools from numerical algebraic geometry and computational group theory allow us to apply this framework to classical and novel reconstruction problems. We consider three classical cases--3-point absolute pose, 5-point relative pose, and 4-point homography estimation for calibrated cameras--where the decomposi…
We establish a braid monodromy representation of functions satisfying an algebraic equation containing three terms (trinomial equation). We follow global analytic continuation of the roots to a trinomial algebraic equation that are expressed by Mellin-Barnes integral representations. We depict braids that arise from the monodromy around all branching points. The global braid monodromy is described in terms of rational twists of strands that yield a classical Artin braid representation of algebraic functions. As a corollary, we get a precise description of the Galois group of a trinomial algebr…
For a standard path of connections going to a generic point at infinity in the moduli space $M_{DR}$ of connections on a compact Riemann surface, we show that the Laplace transform of the family of monodromy matrices has an analytic continuation with locally finite branching. In particular the convex subset representing the exponential growth rate of the monodromy is a polygon, whose vertices are in a subset of points described explicitly in terms of the spectral curve. Unfortunately we don't get any information about the size of the singularities of the Laplace transform, which is why we can'…
