A. Abdollahi
We prove that for any prime number $p$, every finite non-abelian $p$-group $G$ of class 2 has a noninner automorphism of order $p$ leaving either the Frattini subgroup $Φ(G)$ or $Ω_1(Z(G))$ elementwise fixed.
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Every finite $p$-group of coclass 2 has a noninner automorphism of order $p$ leaving the center elementwise fixed.
It is shown that if G is a finite p-group of coclass 2 with p > 2, then G has a noninner automorphism of order p.
In this note, the existence of noninner automorphisms of order 2 for finite 2-groups of coclass 2 is proved. Combining our result with a recent one due to Y. Guerboussa and M. Reguiat (see arXiv:1301.0085), we prove that every finite $p$-group of coclass 2 has a noninner automorphism of order $p$ leaving the center elementwise fixed.
A longstanding conjecture asserts that every non-abelian finite $p$-group $G$ admits a non-inner automorphism of order $p$. The conjecture is valid for finite $p$-groups of class 2. Here, we prove every finite non-abelian $p$-group $G$ of class 3 with $p>2$ has a noninner automorphism of order $p$ leaving $Φ(G)$ elementwise fixed. We also prove that if $G$ is a finite 2-group of class 3 which cannot be generated by 4 elements, then $G$ has a non-inner automorphism of order 2 leaving $Φ(G)$ elementwise fixed. We also prove that the latter conclusion holds for finite 2-groups $G$ of class 3 such…
In this paper we study the longstanding conjecture of whether there exists a noninner automorphism of order $p$ for a finite non-abelian $p$-group. We prove that if $G$ is a finite non-abelian $p$-group such that $G/Z(G)$ is powerful then $G$ has a noninner automorphism of order $p$ leaving either $Φ(G)$ or $Ω_1(Z(G))$ elementwise fixed. We also recall a connection between the conjecture and a cohomological problem and we give an alternative proof of the latter result for odd $p$, by showing that the Tate cohomology $H^n(G/N,Z(N))\not=0$ for all $n\geq 0$, where $G$ is a finite $p$-group, $p$ …
Rigid automorphisms of linking systems of finite groups of Lie type
研究有限群链接系统中刚性自同构的性质，确定2阶时非内刚性自同构的存在条件，发现例外情况。
We study class preserving automorphisms of groups of order thirty two and prove that only two groups have non-inner class preserving automorphisms.
We show that the group of class-preserving automorphisms of a universal hyperlinear group has index 2 inside the group of all automorphisms.
Local automorphisms of some classical groups
研究经典群的局部自同构与自同构的关系，发现部分情况下局部自同构即为自同构，其余情况则与自同构密切相关。
In this article we prove that every automorphism of a universal sofic group is class preserving, i.e. preserves the conjugacy classes
The trialitarian automorphisms considered in this paper are the outer automorphisms of order 3 of adjoint classical groups of type D_4 over arbitrary fields. A one-to-one correspondence is established between their conjugacy classes and similarity classes of symmetric compositions on 8-dimensional quadratic spaces. Using the known classification of symmetric compositions, we distinguish two conjugacy classes of trialitarian automorphisms over algebraically closed fields. For type I, the group of fixed points is of type G_2, whereas it is of type A_2 for trialitarian automorphisms of type II.
In this note, we compute the group of automorphisms of Projective, Affine and Euclidean Geometries in the sense of Klein. As an application, we give a simple construction of the outer automorphism of S_6.
We exhibit a simple construction, based on elementary linear algebra, for a class of examples of finite $p$-groups of nilpotence class $2$ all of whose automorphisms are central.
We classify all finite $p$-groups $G$ for which |$Aut_{c}(G)$| attains its maximum value, where $Aut_{c}(G)$ denotes the group of all class preserving automorphisms of $G$ .
Counting conjugacy classes and automorphism-conjugacy classes of ZM-groups
本文研究ZM-群中元素的共轭类与自同构共轭类，给出了两类等价关系下的类数及各类大小的计数结果。
On the $z$-classes of Palindromic automorphisms of Free Groups
本文研究自由群回文自同构，给出其矩阵表示的充分必要条件，证明 z-类数量无限，并分类可约回文自同构的共轭类。
An automorphism of a group G is called an IA-automorphism if it induces the identity automorphism on the abelianized group G/G'. Let IA(G) denote the group of all IA-automorphisms of G. We classify all finitely generated nilpotent groups G of class 2 for which IA(G) is isomorphic to Inn(G). In particular, we classify all finite nilpotent groups of class 2 for which each IA-automorphism is inner. As consequences, we give surprisingly very easy proofs of converse of Schur's theorem and also prove some other related results.
We will show that every element of a finitely generated abelian group is automorphically equivalent what we will define to be a {\em representative element} in a {\em repeat-free subgroup}, and for finite abelian groups we can count the number of automorphism classes of elements.
We obtain certain results on a finite $p$-group whose central automorphisms are all class preserving. In particular, we prove that if $G$ is a finite $p$-group whose central automorphisms are all class preserving, then $d(G)$ is even, where $d(G)$ denotes the number of elements in any minimal generating set for $G$. As an application of these results, we obtain some results regarding finite $p$-groups whose automorphisms are all class preserving. In particular, we prove that if $G$ is a finite $p$-groups whose automorphisms are all class preserving, then order of $G$ is at least $p^8$ and the …
We give a complete list of all the 70 class two groups of exponent p (p>2) and order p^k for k<9. For each of these groups the number of conjugacy classes is a polynomial in p, and the order of the automorphism group is a polynomial in p. In contrast, Marcus du Sautoy and Michael Vaughan-Lee have given an example of a class two group of exponent p and order p^9 for which neither the number of conjugacy classes, nor the order of the automorphism group is polynomial on residue classes (PORC).
In this paper we classify all finite 2-groups of class 2 for which every automorphism of order 2 leaving the Frattini subgroup elementwise fixed is inner. We prove that every such group G is isomorphic to Q(n; r) = <a, b| a^{2n}= b^{2r}= 1; a^2^{n-r}= [a, b]> for some positive integers r; n such that 2 < 2r <= n; and every automorphism of Q(n; r) of order 2 leaving the Frattini subgroup elementwise fixed is inner.
In 1911, Burnside asked whether or not there exist groups that have an outer automorphism which preserves conjugacy classes. Two years later he answered his own question by constructing a family of such groups. Using the small group library in MAGMA we determine all of the groups of order n < 512 that possess such an automorphism. Our investigations led to the discovery of four new infinite families of such groups, all of which are 2-groups of coclass 4.
The so-called Tits class, associated to an adjoint absolutely almost simple algebraic group, provides a cohomological obstruction for this group to admit an outer automorphism. If the group has inner type, this obstruction is the only one. In this paper, we prove this is not the case for classical groups of outer type, except for groups of type $^2\mathsf{A}_n$ with $n$ even, or $n=5$. More precisely, we prove a descent theorem for exponent $2$ and degree $6$ algebras with unitary involution, which shows that their automorphism groups have outer automorphisms. In all other relevant classical t…
A Bol loop is a loop that satisfies the Bol identity $(xy.z)y=x(yz.y)$. If $L$ is a loop and $f:L\to L$ is a bijection such that $f(xy)\in\{f(x)f(y),f(y)f(x)\}$, for every $x$, $y\in L$, then $f$ is called a half-automorphism of $L$. In this paper, we describe the half-automorphism group of a class of Bol loops of order $4m$.
A Note on Fuzzy Automorphism and Inner Automorphism of Groups
该文将模糊自同态概念拓展至模糊自同构，引入模糊内自同构及模糊子群诱导的模糊内自同构概念，得到经典群论著名结果的模糊对应版本。
In this short survey article, we try to list maximum number of known results on class preserving automorphisms of finite $p$-groups. We conclude the survey with some interesting (at least for the author) open problems on this topic.
Juhasz has proved that the automorphism group of a group G of maximal class of order p^n, with p\ge 5 and n>p+1, has order divisible by $p^{\lceil(3n-2p+5)/2\rceil}$. We show that by translating the problem in terms of derivations, the result can be deduced from the case where G is metabelian. Here one can use a general result of Caranti and Scoppola concerning automorphisms of two-generator, nilpotent metabelian groups.
I withdraw my paper from arXiv because there is a technical error in the proof of Theorem 1.1. And because of this error, all the results in the paper are untrue. I am very sorry for this.
Let $G$ be a finite group and $M,N$ be two normal subgroups of $G$. Let $Aut_N^M(G)$ denote the group of all automorphisms of $G$ which fix $N$ element wise and act trivially on $G/M$. Let $n$ be a positive integer. In this article we have shown that if $G$ and $H$ are two $n$-isoclinic groups, then there exists an isomorphism from $Aut_{Z_n(G)}^{γ_{n+1}(G)}(G)$ to $Aut_{Z_n(H)}^{γ_{n+1}(H)}(H)$, which maps the group of $n^{th}$ class preserving automorphisms of $G$ to the group of $n^{th}$ class preserving automorphisms of $H$. Also, for a nilpotent group of class at most $(n+1)$, with some s…
It is well known that the automorphism group of a regular dessin is a two-generator finite group, and the isomorphism classes of regular dessins with automorphism groups isomorphic to a given finite group $G$ are in one-to-one correspondence with the orbits of the action of $\Aut(G)$ on the ordered generating pairs of $G$. If there is only one orbit, then up to isomorphism the regular dessin is uniquely determined by the group $G$ and it is called uniquely regular. In the paper we investigate the classification of uniquely regular dessins with a nilpotent automorphism group. The problem is red…
We determine when two almost automorphisms of a regular tree are conjugate. This is done by combining the classification of conjugacy classes in the automorphism group of a level-homogeneous tree by Gawron, Nekrashevych and Sushchansky and the solution of the conjugacy problem in Thompson's $V$ by Belk and Matucci. We also analyze dynamics of tree almost automorphisms.
Let $\textrm{UT}_n (K)$ be a unitriangular group over a field $K$ and $Γ_{n,k} := \textrm{UT}_n (K)/ γ_k(\textrm{UT}_n (K))$, where $γ_k (\mathrm{UT}_n(K))$ denotes the $k$-th term of the lower central series of $\mathrm{UT}_n (K)$, $2 \le k \le n$. We prove that the group of all class preserving automorphisms of $Γ_{n,k}$ is equal to $\Inn(Γ_{n,k})$ if and only if $K$ is a prime field. Let $G_n^{(m)} := \mathrm{UT}_n (\mathbb{F}_{p^m}) / γ_3 (\mathrm{UT}_n(\mathbb{F}_{p^m}))$. We calculate the group of all class preserving automorphisms and class preserving outer automorphisms of $G_n^{(m)}$.
The main result of this paper is a complete classification of the outer automorphism groups of two-generator, one-relator groups with torsion. To this classification we apply recent algorithmic results of Dahmani--Guirardel, which yields an algorithm to compute the isomorphism class of the outer automorphism group of a given two-generator, one-relator group with torsion.
Let $G$ be a finite $p$-group of order $p^5$, where $p$ is a prime. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on $G$ such that $G$ has a non-inner class-preserving automorphism. As a consequence, we give short and alternate proofs of results of section 5 of Yadav [Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) 118 (2008), 1-11] and Theorem 4.2 of Kalra and Gumber [Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 44 (2013), 711-725].
Let $ψ$ be a permutation of a finite set $X$. We define $λ(ψ)$ to be the largest fraction of elements of $X$ lying on a single cycle of $ψ$. For a finite group $G$, we define $λ(G)$ to be the maximum among the values $λ(α)$, where $α$ runs through the automorphisms of $G$. In this paper, we develop tools to deal with questions related to $λ$-values of finite groups and of their automorphisms. As a consequence, we will be able to give a classification, up to a natural notion of isomorphism, of those pairs $(G,α)$ where $G$ is a finite group, $α$ is an automorphism of $G$ and $λ(α)\geq\frac{1}{2…
We introduce a class of automorphisms of rooted $d$-regular trees arising from affine actions on their boundaries viewed as infinite dimensional vector spaces. This class includes, in particular, many examples of self-similar realizations of lamplighter groups. We show that for a regular binary tree this class coincides with the normalizer of the group of all spherically homogeneous automorphisms of this tree: automorphisms whose states coincide at all vertices of each level. We study in detail a nontrivial example of an automaton group that contains an index two subgroup with elements from th…
We classify finitely generated, residually finite automorphism-induced HNN-extensions in terms of the residual separability of a single associated subgroup. This classification provides a method to construct automorphism-induced HNN-extensions which are not residually finite. We prove that this method can never yield a "new" counter-example to Gromov's conjecture on the residual finiteness of hyperbolic groups.
We give a sufficient condition on a finite $p$-group $G$ of nilpotency class 2 so that $\Aut_c(G) = \Inn(G)$, where $\Aut_c(G)$ and $\Inn(G)$ denote the group of all class preserving automorphisms and inner automorphisms of $G$ respectively. Next we prove that if $G$ and $H$ are two isoclinic finite groups (in the sense of P. Hall), then $\Aut_c(G) \cong \Aut_c(H)$. Finally we study class preserving automorphisms of groups of order $p^5$ and prove that $\Aut_c(G) = \Inn(G)$ for all the groups of order $p^5$ except two isoclinism families.
The finite groups with three automorphism orbits
本文完整分类了元素被自同构群划分为三个轨道的有限群，解决了 Higman 于 1963 年提出的长期问题，并由此分类了作为群全形的秩 3 有限置换群。
Let $G$ be a finite non-abelian $p$-group, where $p$ is a prime. Let $\mathrm{Aut}_c(G)$ and $\mathrm{Aut}_z(G)$ respectively denote the group of all class preserving and central automorphisms of $G$. We give a necessary condition for $G$ such that $\mathrm{Aut}_c(G)=\mathrm{Aut}_z(G)$ and give necessary and sufficient conditions for $G$ with elementary abelian or cyclic center such that $\mathrm{Aut}_c(G)=\mathrm{Aut}_z(G).$ We also characterize all finite $p$-groups $G$ of order $\leq p^7$ such that $\mathrm{Aut}_c(G)=\mathrm{Aut}_z(G)$ and complete the classification of all finite $p$-group…
Dyer and Formanek (1976) proved that if N is a free nilpotent group of class two and of finite rank which is not equal to 1, or to 3, then the automorphism group Aut(N) of N is complete. The main result of the present paper states that the automorphism group of any infinitely generated free nilpotent group of class two is also complete.
The main theorem of this document emulates, in the context of Out(F_r) theory, a mapping class group theorem (by H. Masur and J. Smillie) that determines precisely which index lists arise from pseudo-Anosov mapping classes. Since the ideal Whitehead graph gives a finer invariant in the analogous setting of a fully irreducible outer automorphism, we instead focus on determining which of the 21 connected, loop-free, 5-vertex graphs are ideal Whitehead graphs of ageometric, fully irreducible outer automorphisms of the free group of rank 3. Our main theorem accomplishes this by showing that there …
We combine classical methods of combinatorial group theory with the theory of small cancellations over relatively hyperbolic groups to construct finitely generated torsion-free groups that have only finitely many classes of conjugate elements. Moreover, we present several results concerning embeddings into such groups. As another application of these techniques, we prove that every countable group $C$ can be realized as a group of outer automorphisms of a group $N$, where $N$ is a finitely generated group having Kazhdan's property (T) and containing exactly two conjugacy classes.
In this thesis I study the automorphism tower of free nilpotent groups. Our main tool in studying the automorphism tower is to embed every group as a lattice in some Lie group. Using known rigidity results the automorphism group of the discrete group can be embedded into the automorphism group of the Lie group. This allows me to lift the description of the derivation tower of the free nilpotent Lie algebra to obtain information about the automorphism tower of the free nilpotent group. The main result in this thesis states that the automorphism tower of the free nilpotent group $Γ(n,d)$ on $n$ …
Let F be an infinitely generated free group and R a fully invariant subgroup of F such that (a) R is contained in the commutator subgroup F' of F and (b) the quotient group F/R is residually torsion-free nilpotent. Then the automorphism group Aut(F/R') of the group F/R' is complete. In particular, the automorphism group of any infinitely generated free solvalbe group of derived length at least two is complete. This extends a result by Dyer and Formanek (1977) on finitely generated groups F_n/R' where F_n is a free group of finite rank n at least two and R a characteristic subgroup of F_n.
For a positive integer $n$, with $n \geq 4$, let $R_{n}$ be a free (nilpotent of class 2)-by-abelian and abelian-by-(nilpotent of class 2) Lie algebra of rank $n$. We show that the subgroup of Aut$(R_{n})$ generated by the tame automorphisms and a countably infinite set of explicitly given automorphisms of $R_{n}$ is dense in Aut$(R_{n})$ with respect to the formal power series topology.
Suppose that a metacyclic Frobenius group $FH$, with kernel $F$ and complement $H$, acts by automorphisms on a finite group $G$, in such a way that $C_G(F)$ is trivial and $C_G(H)$ is nilpotent. It is known that $G$ is nilpotent and its nilpotency class can be bounded in terms of $|H|$ and the nilpotency class of $C_G(H)$. Until now, it was not clear whether the bound could be made independent of the order of $H$. In this article, we construct a family $\mathfrak{G}$ of finite nilpotent groups, of unbounded nilpotency class. Each group in $\mathfrak{G}$ admits a metacyclic Frobenius group of a…
In this paper we consider the class of 2-dimensional Artin groups with connected, large type, triangle-free defining graphs (type CLTTF). We classify these groups up to isomorphism, and describe a generating set for the automorphism group of each such Artin group. In the case where the defining graph has no separating edge or vertex we show that the Artin group is not abstractly commensurable to any other CLTTF Artin group. If, moreover, the defining graph satisfies a further `vertex rigidity' condition, then the abstract commensurator group of the Artin group is isomorphic to its automorphism…
Non-trivial $2$-$(k^{2},k,λ)$ designs, with $λ\mid k$, admitting a flag-transitive almost simple automorphism group are classified.
Class-preserving Coleman Automorphisms of Finite Groups with Semidihedral Sylow 2-Subgroups
本文研究了具有半二面体Sylow 2-子群的有限群的类保持Coleman自同构群，证明其具有奇数阶，并扩展了相关文献中的结论。
The operation of switching a graph $Γ$ with respect to a subset $X$ of the vertex set interchanges edges and non-edges between $X$ and its complement, leaving the rest of the graph unchanged. This is an equivalence relation on the set of graphs on a given vertex set, so we can talk about the automorphism group of a switching class of graphs. It might be thought that switching classes with many automorphisms would have the property that all their graphs also have many automorphisms. However the main theorem of this paper shows a different picture: with finitely many exceptions, if a non-trivial…
We study the automorphism group of an idempotent evolution algebra, show that any finite group can be the automorphism group of an evolution algebra, and describe certain evolution algebras with given automorphism groups. In particular, we classify $n$-dimensional idempotent evolution algebras whose automorphism group is isomorphic to the symmetric group $S_n$, and classify idempotent evolution algebras with maximal diagonal automorphism subgroups.
We present three examples of countable homogeneous structures (also called Fraisse limits) whose automorphism groups are not universal, namely, fail to contain isomorphic copies of all automorphism groups of their substructures. Our first example is a particular case of a rather general construction on Fraisse classes, which we call diversification, leading to automorphism groups containing copies of all finite groups. Our second example is a special case of another general construction on Fraisse classes, the mixed sums, leading to a Fraisse class with all finite symmetric groups appearing as…
We prove that the automorphism group of the Urysohn diversity is a universal Polish group. Furthermore we show that the automorphism group of the rational Urysohn diversity has ample generics, a dense conjugacy class and that it embeds densely into the automorphism group of the (full) Urysohn diversity. It follows that this latter group also has a dense conjugacy class.
We present a new algorithm to compute all the chiral polytopes that have a given group $G$ as full automorphism group. This algorithm uses a new set of generators that characterize the group, all of them except one being involutions. It permits to compute all chiral polytopes of groups that were previously unreachable by other known algorithms.
Non-symplectic Indices of Automorphism Groups of Smooth Cubic Fourfolds
研究具有给定辛自同构群的光滑四次三维流形的全自同构群，通过群论和格论方法限制非辛指数，并分类秩19余不变格的所有可能自同构群对。
The Johnson filtration of the automorphism group of a free group is composed of those automorphisms which act trivially on nilpotent quotients of the free group. We compute cohomology classes as follows: (i) we analyze analogous classes for a subgroup of the pure symmetric automorphism group of a free group, and (ii) we analyze features of these classes which are preserved by the Johnson homomorphism. One consequence is that the ranks of the cohomology groups in any fixed dimension between 1 and n-1 increase without bound for terms deep in the Johnson filtraton.
Building on earlier results for regular maps and for orientably regular chiral maps, we classify the non-abelian finite simple groups arising as automorphism groups of maps in each of the 14 Graver-Watkins classes of edge-transitive maps.
We construct a model for the space of automorphisms of a connected p-compact group in terms of the space of automorphisms of its maximal torus normalizer and its root datum. As a consequence we show that any homomorphism to the outer automorphism group of a p-compact group can be lifted to a group action, analogous to a classical theorem of de Siebenthal for compact Lie groups. The model of this paper is used in a crucial way in our paper ``The classification of 2-compact groups'', where we prove the conjectured classification of 2-compact groups and determine their automorphism spaces.
Self equivalences of classifying spaces of $p$-local compact groups are well understood by means of the algebraic structure that gives rise to them, but explicit descriptions are lacking. In this paper we use a construction of Robinson of an amalgam $G$, realizing a given fusion system, to produce a split epimorphism from the outer automorphism group of $G$ to the group of homotopy classes of self homotopy equivalences of the classifying space of the corresponding $p$-local compact group.
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