We show that a reflexive subspace of the predual of a von Neumann algebra embeds into a noncommutative Lp space for some p>1. This is a noncommutative version of Rosenthal's result for commutative Lp spaces. Similarly for 1 < q < 2, an infinite dimensional subspace X of a noncommutative Lq space either contains lq or embeds in Lp for some q < p < 2. The novelty in the noncommutative setting is a double sided change of density.
We show norm estimates for the sum of independent random variables in noncommutative $L_p$-spaces for $1<p<\infty$ following our previous work. These estimates generalize the classical Rosenthal inequality in the commutative case. Among applications, we derive an equivalence for the $p$-norm of the singular values of a random matrix with independent entries, and characterize those symmetric subspaces and unitary ideals which can be realized as subspaces of a noncommutative $L_p$ for $2<p<\infty$.
In this paper we extend the Bernstein, Prohorov and Bennett inequalities to the noncommutative setting. In addition we provide an improved version of the noncommutative Rosenthal inequality, essentially due to Nagaev, Pinelis and Pinelis, Utev for commutative random variables. We also present new best constants in Rosenthal's inequality. Applying these results to random Fourier projections, we recover and elaborate on fundamental results from compressed sensing, due to Candes, Romberg and Tao.
In article is constructed a wide couple of pairwice non-isomorphic separable superreflexive Banach spaces E that are subspace homogeneous. Their conjugates are quotient homogeneous. None of this couple neither isomorphic to its Cartesian square nor has the approximation property. At the same time, any such E is isomorphic to E+ E+ W for some Banach space W and, hence, solves the Schroeder - Bernstein problem.
We prove the noncommutative Davis decomposition for the column Hardy space $\H_p^c$ for all $0<p\leq 1$. A new feature of our Davis decomposition is a simultaneous control of $\H_1^c$ and $\H_q^c$ norms for any noncommutative martingale in $\H_1^c \cap \H_q^c$ when $q\geq 2$. As applications, we show that the Burkholder/Rosenthal inequality holds for bounded martingales in a noncommutative symmetric space associated with a function space $E$ that is either an interpolation of the couple $(L_p, L_2)$ for some $1<p<2$ or is an interpolation of the couple $(L_2, L_q)$ for some $2<q<\infty$. We al…
In 1969 Lindenstrauss and Rosenthal showed that if a Banach space is isomorphic to a complemented subspace of an L_p-space, then it is either a script L_p-space or isomorphic to a Hilbert space. This is the motivation of this paper where we study non--Hilbertian complemented operator subspaces of non commutative L_p-spaces and show that this class is much richer than in the commutative case. We investigate the local properties of some new classes of operator spaces for every $2<p< \infty$ which can be considered as operator space analogues of the Rosenthal sequence spaces from Banach space the…
We calculate ordinal $L_p$ index defined in "An ordinal L_p index for Banach spaces with an application to complemented subspaces of L_p" authored by J. Bourgain, H. P. Rosenthal and G. Schechtman, for Rosenthal's space $X_p$, $\ell_p$ and $\ell_2$. We show a subspace of $L_p$ $(2 < p < \infty)$ non isomorphic to $\ell_2$ embeds in $\ell_p$ if and only if its ordinal index is minimum possible. We also give a sufficient condition for a $\mathcal{L}_p$ subspace of $\ell_p\oplus\ell_2$ to be isomorphic to $X_p$.
We present a new, elementary proof of Boyd's interpolation theorem. Our approach naturally yields a noncommutative version of this result and even allows for the interpolation of certain operators on l^1-valued noncommutative symmetric spaces. By duality we may interpolate several well-known noncommutative maximal inequalities. In particular we obtain a version of Doob's maximal inequality and the dual Doob inequality for noncommutative symmetric spaces. We apply our results to prove the Burkholder-Davis-Gundy and Burkholder-Rosenthal inequalities for noncommutative martingales in these spaces…
We introduce Hardy spaces for martingales with respect to continuous filtration for von Neumann algebras. In particular we prove the analogues of the Burkholder/Gundy and Burkholder/Rosenthal inequalities in this setting. The usual arguments using stopping times in the commutative case are replaced by tools from noncommutative function theory and allow us to obtain the analogue of the Feffermann-Stein duality and prove a noncommutative Davis decomposition.
Let X be a complex Banach space of dimension at least 2, and let S be a multiplicative semigroup of operators on X such that the rank of AB - BA is at most 1 for all pairs {A,B} in S. We prove that S has a non-trivial invariant subspace provided it is not commutative. As a consequence we show that S is triangularizable if it consists of polynomially compact operators. This generalizes results from [H. Radjavi, P. Rosenthal, From local to global triangularization, J. Funct. Anal. 147 (1997), 443-456] and [G. Cigler, R. Drnovšek, D. Kokol-Bukovšek, T. Laffey, M. Omladič, H. Radjavi, P. Rosenthal…
We prove some noncommutative analogues of a theorem by Plotkin and Rudin about isometries between subspaces of Lp-spaces. Let 0<p<\infty, p not an even integer. The main result of this paper states that in the category of unital subspaces of noncommutative probability Lp-spaces, under some boundedness condition, the unital completely isometric maps come from *-isomorphisms of the underlying von Neumann algebras. Some applications are given, including to non commutative H^p spaces.
Gelfand duality between unital commutative C*-algebras and Compact Hausdorff spaces is extended to all unital C*-algebras, where the dual objects are what we call compact Hausdorff quantum spaces. We apply this result to obtain, a characterization of unitary groups of C*-algebras, and, for arbitrary bounded Hilbert space operators, (i) A spectral theorem cum continuous functional calculus, and (ii) A proof of the general Invariant Subspace Theorem. Also described is a nonabelian generalization of Pontryagin duality of abelian locally compact groups.
We prove the following noncommutative version of Lewis's classical result. Every n-dimensional subspace E of Lp(M) (1<p<\infty) for a von Neumann algebra M satisfies d_{cb}(E, RC^n_{p'}) \leq c_p n^{\abs{1/2-1/p}} for some constant c_p depending only on $p$, where $1/p +1/p' =1$ and $RC^n_{p'} = [R_n\cap C_n, R_n+C_n]_{1/p'}$. Moreover, there is a projection $P:Lp(M) --> Lp(M)$ onto E with $\norm{P}_{cb} \leq c_p n^{\abs{1/2-1/p}}.$ We follow the classical change of density argument with appropriate noncommutative variations in addition to the opposite trick.
We extend Beurling's invariant subspace theorem, by characterizing subspaces $K$ of the noncommutative $L^p$ spaces which are invariant with respect to Arveson's maximal subdiagonal algebras, sometimes known as noncommutative $H^\infty$. It is significant that a certain subspace, and a certain quotient, of $K$ are $L^p({\mathcal D})$-modules in the recent sense of Junge and Sherman, and therefore have a nice decomposition into cyclic submodules. We also give general inner-outer factorization formulae for elements in the noncommutative $L^p$. These facts generalize the classical ones, and shoul…
Enflo and Rosenthal proved that $\ell_p(\aleph_1)$, $1 < p < 2$, does not (isomorphically) embed into $L_p(μ)$ with $μ$ a finite measure. We prove that if $X$ is a subspace of an $L_p$ space, $1< p < 2$, and $\ell_p(\aleph_1)$ does not embed into $X$, then $X$ embeds into $L_p(μ)$ for some finite measure $μ$.
Tensor product of Fock spaces is analogous to the Hardy space over the unit polydisc. This plays an important role in the development of noncommutative operator theory and function theory in the sense of noncommutative polydomains and noncommutative varieties. In this paper we study joint invariant subspaces of tensor product of full Fock spaces and noncommutative varieties. We also obtain, in particular, by using techniques of noncommutative varieties, a classification of joint invariant subspaces of $n$-fold tensor products of Drury-Arveson spaces.
In this paper, we study the noncommutative Orlicz space $L_φ(\widetilde{\mathcal{M}},τ)$, which generalizes the concept of noncommutative $L^{p}$ space, where $\mathcal{M}$ is a von Neumann algebra, and $φ$ is an Orlicz function. As a modular space, the space $L_φ(\widetilde{\mathcal{M}},τ)$ possesses the Fatou property, and consequently, it is a Banach space. In addition, a new description of the subspace $E_φ(\widetilde{\mathcal{M}},τ)=\overline{\mathcal{M}\bigcap L_φ(\widetilde{\mathcal{M}},τ)}$ in $L_φ(\widetilde{\mathcal{M}},τ)$, which is closed under the norm topology and dense under the…
We prove the operator space Grothendieck inequality for bilinear forms on subspaces of noncommutative $L_p$-spaces with $2<p<\infty$. One of our results states that given a map $u: E\to F^*$, where $E, F\subset L_p(M)$ ($2<p<\infty$, $M$ being a von Neumann algebra), $u$ is completely bounded iff $u$ factors through a direct sum of a $p$-column space and a $p$-row space. We also obtain several operator space versions of the classical little Grothendieck inequality for maps defined on a subspace of a noncommutative $L_p$-space ($2<p<\infty$) with values in a $q$-column space for every $q\in [p'…
We prove that a quotient of subspace of $C_p\oplus_pR_p$ ($1\le p<2$) embeds completely isomorphically into a noncommutative $L_p$-space, where $C_p$ and $R_p$ are respectively the $p$-column and $p$-row Hilbertian operator spaces. We also represent $C_q$ and $R_q$ ($p<q\le2$) as quotients of subspaces of $C_p\oplus_pR_p$. Consequently, $C_q$ and $R_q$ embed completely isomorphically into a noncommutative $L_p(M)$. We further show that the underlying von Neumann algebra $M$ cannot be semifinite.
In this paper, we establish an extension of a noncommutative Bennett inequality with a parameter $1\leq r\leq2$ and use it together with some noncommutative techniques to establish a Rosenthal inequality. We also present a noncommutative Hoeffding inequality as follows: Let $(\mathfrak{M}, τ)$ be a noncommutative probability space, $\mathfrak{N}$ be a von Neumann subalgebra of $\mathfrak{M}$ with the corresponding conditional expectation $\mathcal{E}_{\mathfrak{N}}$ and let subalgebras $\mathfrak{N}\subseteq\mathfrak{A}_j\subseteq\mathfrak{M}\,\,(j=1, \cdots, n)$ be successively independent ov…
We obtain new proofs with improved constants of the Khintchine-type inequality with matrix coefficients in two cases. The first case is the Pisier and Lust-Piquard noncommutative Khintchine inequality for $p=1$, where we obtain the sharp lower bound of $\frac1{\sqrt{2}}$ in the complex Gaussian case and for the sequence of functions $\{e^{i2^nt}\}_{n=1}^\infty$ . The second case is Junge's recent Khintchine-type inequality for subspaces of the operator space $R\oplus C$, which he used to construct a cb-embedding of the operator Hilbert space $OH$ into the predual of a hyperfinite factor. Also …
The structure of subspaces of a Hilbert space that are invariant under unitary representations of a discrete group is related to a notion of Hilbert modules endowed with inner products taking values in spaces of unbounded operators. A theory of reproducing systems in such modular structures is developed, providing a general framework that includes fundamental results of shift-invariant spaces. In particular, general characterizations of Riesz and frame sequences associated to group representations are provided, extending previous results for abelian groups and for cyclic subspaces of unitary r…
In this paper we introduce and study the Euler characteristic associated with algebraic modules generated by arbitrary elements of certain noncommutative polyballs. We provide several asymptotic formulas and prove some of its basic properties. We show that the Euler characteristic is a complete unitary invariant for the finite rank Beurling type invariant subspaces of the tensor product of full Fock spaces $F^2(H_{n_1})\otimes \cdots \otimes F^2(H_{n_k})$, and prove that its range coincides with the interval $[0,\infty)$. We obtain an analogue of Arveson's version of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern the…
We define a notion of nonassociative $\mathrm{L}^p$-space associated to a $\mathrm{JBW}^*$-algebra (Jordan von Neumann algebra) equipped with a normal faithful state $φ$. In the particular case of $\mathrm{JW}^*$-algebras underlying von Neumann algebras, we connect these spaces to a complex interpolation theorem of Ricard and Xu on noncommutative $\mathrm{L}^p$-spaces. We also make the link with the nonassociative $\mathrm{L}^p$-spaces of Iochum associated to $\mathrm{JBW}$-algebras and the investigation of contractively complemented subspaces of noncommutative $\mathrm{L}^p$-spaces. More prec…
Banach non-isomorphism of type III and semifinite noncommutative $L_p$-spaces
Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics of HIT, Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学数学学院）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of NSW（新南威尔士大学数学与统计学院）
We continue the study of Uniformly Finitely Extensible Banach spaces (in short, UFO) initiated in Moreno-Plichko, \emph{On automorphic Banach spaces}, Israel J. Math. 169 (2009) 29--45 and Castillo-Plichko, \emph{Banach spaces in various positions.} J. Funct. Anal. 259 (2010) 2098-2138. We show that they have the Uniform Approximation Property of Pełczyński and Rosenthal and are compactly extensible. We will also consider their connection with the automorphic space problem of Lindenstrauss and Rosenthal --do there exist automorphic spaces other than $c_0(I)$ and $\ell_2(I)$?-- showing that a s…
Isometric embeddings of noncommutative $L_p$-spaces into noncommutative symmetric spaces
Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics of HIT, Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学数学高等研究院）；Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校数学系）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学数学与统计学院）
James Tree Space ($\mathcal{JT}$), introduced by R. James, is the first Banach space constructed having non-separable conjugate and not containing $\ell^1$. James actually proved that every infinite dimensional subspace of $\mathcal{JT}$ contains a Hilbert space, which implies the $\ell^1$ non-embedding. In this expository article, we present a direct proof of the $\ell^1$ non-embedding, using Rosenthal's $\ell^1$- Theorem and some measure theoretic arguments, namely Riesz's Representation Theorem.
We study some structural aspects of the subspaces of the non-commutative (Haagerup) L_p-spaces associated with a general (non necessarily semi-finite) von Neumann algebra A. If a subspace X of L_p(A) contains uniformly the spaces \ell_p^n, n>= 1, it contains an almost isometric, almost 1-complemented copy of \ell_p. If X contains uniformly the finite dimensional Schatten classes S_p^n, it contains their \ell_p-direct sum too. We obtain a version of the classical Kadec-Pel czynski dichotomy theorem for L_p-spaces, p>= 2. We also give operator space versions of these results. The proofs are base…
We prove that the multiplication map L^a(M)\otimes_M L^b(M)\to L^{a+b}(M) is an isometric isomorphism of (quasi)Banach M-M-bimodules. Here L^a(M)=L_{1/a}(M) is the noncommutative L_p-space of an arbitrary von Neumann algebra M and \otimes_M denotes the algebraic tensor product over M equipped with the (quasi)projective tensor norm, but without any kind of completion. Similarly, the left multiplication map L^a(M)\to Hom_M(L^b(M),L^{a+b}(M)) is an isometric isomorphism of (quasi)Banach M-M-bimodules, where Hom_M denotes the algebraic internal hom. In particular, we establish an automatic continu…
It is known that (i) a subspace ${\mathcal N}$ of the Hardy space $H^2$ which is invariant under the backward shift operator can be represented as the range of the observability operator of a conservative discrete-time linear system, (ii) the transfer-function of this conservative linear system in turn is the inner Beurling-Lax representer for the forward-shift invariant subspace ${\mathcal M} : = {\mathcal N}^\perp$, and (iii) this transfer function also serves as the Sz.-Nagy-Foias characteristic function of the pure contraction operator $T$ given by $T = P_{\mathcal N} M_z |_{\mathcal N}$. …
We revisit results concerning the connection between subspaces of a space and sublocales of its locale of open sets. The approach we present is based on the observation that for every locale $L$ its spatial sublocales $\mathsf{sp}[\mathsf{S}(L)]$ form a coframe which is isomorphic to the coframe $\mathsf{sob}[\mathcal{P}(\mathsf{pt}(L))]$ of sober subspaces of $\mathsf{pt}(L)$. We characterize the frames $L$ such that the spatial sublocales of $\mathsf{S}(L)$ perfectly represent the subspaces of $\mathsf{pt}(L)$. We prove choice-free, weak versions of the results by Niefield and Rosenthal char…
We consider the Schatten spaces S^p in the framework of operator space theory and for any $1\leq p\not=2<\infty$, we characterize the completely 1-complemented subspaces of S^p. They turn out to be the direct sums of spaces of the form S^p(H,K), where H,K are Hilbert spaces. This result is related to some previous work of Arazy-Friedman giving a description of all 1-complemented subspaces of S^p in terms of the Cartan factors of types 1-4. We use operator space structures on these Cartan factors regarded as subspaces of appropriate noncommutative L^p-spaces. Also we show that for any $n\geq 2$…
We introduce a noncommutative analogue of the absolute value of a regular operator acting on a noncommutative $\mathrm{L}^p$-space. We equally prove that two classical operator norms, the regular norm and the decomposable norm are identical. We also describe precisely the regular norm of several classes of regular multipliers. This includes Schur multipliers and Fourier multipliers on some unimodular locally compact groups which can be approximated by discrete groups in various senses. A main ingredient is to show the existence of a bounded projection from the space of completely bounded $\mat…
Let $\M$ be a semi-finite von Neumann algebra equipped with a faithful normal trace $τ$. We study the subspace structures of non-commutative Lorentz spaces $L_{p,q}(\M, τ)$, extending results of Carothers and Dilworth to the non-commutative settings. In particular, we show that, under natural conditions on indices, $\ell_p$ can not be embedded into $L_{p,q}(\M, τ)$. As applications, we prove that for $0<p<\infty$ with $p \neq 2$ then $\ell_p$ cannot be strongly embedded into $L_p(\M,τ)$. Thus providing a non-commutative extension of a result of Kalton for $0<p<1$ and a result of Rosenthal for …
Jordan operator algebras are norm-closed spaces of operators on a Hilbert space with $a^2 \in A$ for all $a \in A$. We study noncommutative topology, noncommutative peak sets and peak interpolation, and hereditary subalgebras of Jordan operator algebras. We show that Jordan operator algebras present perhaps the most general setting for a `full' noncommutative topology in the C*-algebraic sense of Akemann, L. G. Brown, Pedersen, etc, and as modified for not necessarily selfadjoint algebras by the authors with Read, Hay and other coauthors. Our breakthrough relies in part on establishing several…
We prove an infinite Ramsey theorem for noncommutative graphs realized as unital self-adjoint subspaces of linear operators acting on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. Specifically, we prove that if V is such a subspace, then provided there is no obvious obstruction, there is an infinite rank projection P with the property that the compression PVP is either maximal or minimal in a certain natural sense.
The famous Rosenthal-Lacey theorem asserts that for each infinite compact space $K$ the Banach space $C(K)$ admits a quotient which is either a copy of $c_{0}$ or $\ell_{2}$. The aim of the paper is to study a natural variant of this result for the space $C_{p}(K)$ of continuous real-valued maps on $K$ with the pointwise topology. Following famous Josefson-Nissenzweig theorem for infinite-dimensional Banach spaces we introduce a corresponding property (called Josefson-Nissenzweig property, briefly, the JNP) for $C_{p}$-spaces. We prove: For a Tychonoff space $X$ the space $C_p(X)$ satisfies th…
In this paper we construct an unitary operator $F_{xx*}$ such that $(F_{xx^{*}})^2=identity$ and $Fix(F_{xx^*})\neq\emptyset$. We get the unitary equivalent representations $F_{xx*}(M_{zψ(z)}-a)$ on $\mathcal{L}^{2}(σ(|T+a|),μ_{|T+a|})$ for any given $T\in\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{H})$, where $ψ(z)\in\mathcal{L}^{\infty}(σ(|T+a|),μ_{|T+a|})$, $a\inρ(T)$, $F_{xx*}(f(xx^*))=f(x^*x)$, $\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{H})$ is the set of all bounded linear operator on complex separable Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}$. Also, we get that if $zψ(z)\in Fix(F_{xx^*})$, then $T$ has a nontrivial invariant subspace space on $\m…
This article contains two rigidity type results for $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ for large $n$ that share the same proof. Firstly, we prove that for every $p \in [1,\infty]$ different from $2$, the noncommutative $L^p$-space associated with $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ does not have the completely bounded approximation property for sufficiently large $n$ depending on $p$. The second result concerns the coarse embeddability of expander families constructed from $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$. Let $X$ be a Banach space and suppose that there exist $β< \frac{1}{2}$ and $C>0$ such that the Banach-Mazur…
In this paper we establish some new results concerning the Cauchy-Peano problem in Banach spaces. Firstly, we prove that if a Banach space $E$ admits a fundamental biorthogonal system, then there exists a continuous vector field $f\colon E\to E$ such that the autonomous differential equation $u'=f(u)$ has no solutions at any time. The proof relies on a key result asserting that every infinite-dimensional Fréchet space with a fundamental biorthogonal system possesses a nontrivial separable quotient. The later, is the byproduct of a mixture of known results on barrelledness and two fundamental r…
The famous Rosenthal-Lacey theorem asserts that for each infinite compact set $K$ the Banach space $C(K)$ admits a quotient which is either a copy of $c$ or $\ell_{2}$. What is the case when the uniform topology of $C(K)$ is replaced by the pointwise topology? Is it true that $C_p(X)$ always has an infinite-dimensional separable (or better metrizable) quotient? In this paper we prove that for a Tychonoff space $X$ the function space $C_p(X)$ has an infinite-dimensional metrizable quotient if $X$ either contains an infinite discrete $C^*$-embedded subspace or else $X$ has a sequence $(K_n)_{n\i…
Projection Constants of Polynomial Spaces via Representation Theory
Carl von Ossietzky Universität（卡尔·冯·奥西茨基大学）；Universidad Torcuato Di Tella（托尔夸托·迪泰拉大学）；IMAS-CONICET（阿根廷国家科学研究委员会数学与统计研究所）；Facultad de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires（布宜诺斯艾利斯大学理学院）；IAM-CONICET（阿根廷国家科学研究委员会数学研究所）；Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Adam Mickiewicz University（亚当·密茨凯维奇大学数学与计算机科学系）；CIFASIS, CONICET（阿根廷国家科学研究委员会计算与应用科学中心）；Departamento de Matemática, Facultad de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires（布宜诺斯艾利斯大学理学院数学系）
