We show that there exists a separable reflexive Banach space into which every separable uniformly convex Banach space isomorphically embeds. This solves a problem of J. Bourgain. We also give intrinsic characterizations of separable reflexive Banach spaces which embed into a reflexive space with a block $q$-Hilbertian and/or a block $p$-Besselian finite dimensional decomposition.
It is shown that every separable reflexive Banach space is a quotient of a reflexive Hereditarily Indecomposable space, which yields that every separable reflexive Banach is isomorphic to a subspace of a reflexive Indecomposable space. Furthermore, every separable reflexive Banach space is a quotient of a reflexive complementably $\ell_p$ saturated space with $1<p<\infty$ and of a $c_0$ saturated space.
We prove that the dual or any quotient of a separable reflexive Banach space with the unconditional tree property has the unconditional tree property. Then we prove that a separable reflexive Banach space with the unconditional tree property embeds into a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis. This solves several long standing open problems. In particular, it yields that a quotient of a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional finite dimensional decomposition embeds into a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis.
In this note, we extend to the setting of quasi-reflexive spaces a classical result of N. Kalton and L. Randrianarivony on the coarse Lipschitz structure of reflexive and asymptotically uniformly smooth Banach spaces. As an application, we show for instance, that for $1\le q<p$, a $q$-asymptotically uniformly convex Banach space does not coarse Lipschitz embed into a $p$-asymptotically uniformly smooth quasi-reflexive Banach space. This extends a recent result of B.M. Braga.
A Banach space $X$ is reflexive if the Mackey topology $τ(X^*,X)$ on $X^*$ agrees with the norm topology on $X^*$. Borwein [B] calls a Banach space $X$ {\it sequentially reflexive\/} provided that every $τ(X^*,X)$ convergent {\it sequence\/} in $X^*$ is norm convergent. The main result in [B] is that $X$ is sequentially reflexive if every separable subspace of $X$ has separable dual, and Borwein asks for a characterization of sequentially reflexive spaces. Here we answer that question by proving \proclaim Theorem. {\sl A Banach space $X$ is sequentially reflexive if and only if $\ell_1$ is not…
For each ordinal $α< ω_1$, we prove the existence of a separable, reflexive Banach space with a basis and Szlenk index $ω^{α+1}$ which is universal for the class of separable, reflexive Banach spaces $X$ such that the Szlenk indices $Sz(X), Sz(X^*)$ do not exceed $ω^α$.
Our goal is to present a new shorter proof for the maximal monotonicity of the Minkowski sum of two maximal monotone multi-valued operators defined in a reflexive Banach space under the classical interiority condition involving their domains.
It is an open problem whether an infinite-dimensional amenable Banach algebra exists whose underlying Banach space is reflexive. We give sufficient conditions for a reflexive, amenable Banach algebra to be finite-dimensional (and thus a finite direct sum of full matrix algebras). If $A$ is a reflexive, amenable Banach algebra such that for each maximal left ideal $L$ of $A$ (i) the quotient $A / L$ has the approximation property and (ii) the canonical map from $A \check{\otimes} L^\perp$ to $(A / L) \wtensor L^\perp$ is open, then $A$ is finite-dimensional. As an application, we show that, if …
See title. (A Banach space is said to be L-embedded if it is complemented in its bidual such that the norm between the two complementary subspaces is additive.)
We analyze the ergodic properties of power-bounded operators on a reflexive Banach space of the form "scalar plus compact-power", and show that they are almost periodic (all the orbits are conditionally compact). If such an operator is weakly mixing, then it is stable (its powers converge in the strong operator topology).Let X-ISP be the separable reflexive indecomposable Banach space constructed by Argyros and Motakis, in which every operator has an invariant subspace. We conclude that every power-bounded operator on a closed subspace of X-ISP is almost periodic.
In this note, we study some concentration properties for Lipschitz maps defined on Hamming graphs, as well as their stability under sums of Banach spaces. As an application, we extend a result of Causey on the coarse Lipschitz structure of quasi-reflexive spaces satisfying upper $\ell_p$ tree estimates to the setting of $\ell_p$-sums of such spaces. Our result provides us with a tool for constructing the first examples of Banach spaces that are not quasi-reflexive but nevertheless admit some concentration inequality. We also give a sufficient condition for a space to be asymptotic-$c_0$ in ter…
To describe a set of functions, which forms a reflexive subspace B of the classical Banach space L a special function that characterizes their average integral growth is introduced. It is shown that this function essentially depends on the geometry of B. By the way, one question of la Vallee Poussin is answered. Also a short proof of the known result about the existence of an uncomplemented subspace isomorphic to the Hilbert space in every Lebesgue - Riesz space Lp (1<p<2) is obtained.
A new method of defining hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces is presented. This method provides a unified approach for constructing reflexive HI spaces and also HI spaces with no reflexive subspace. All the spaces presented here satisfy the property that the composition of any two strictly singular operators is a compact one. This yields the first known example of a Banach space with no reflexive subspace such that every operator has a non-trivial closed invariant subspace.
We investigate weak$^*$ derived sets, that is the sets of weak$^*$ limits of bounded nets, of convex subsets of duals of non-reflexive Banach spaces and their possible iterations. We prove that a dual space of any non-reflexive Banach space contains convex subsets of any finite order and a convex subset of order $ω+ 1$.
It is well known that in the calculus of variations and in optimization there exist many formulations of the fundamental propositions on the attainment of the infima of sequentially weakly lower semicontinuous coercive functions on reflexive Banach spaces. By either some constructive skills or the regularization skill by inf--convolutions we show in this paper that all these formulations together with their important variants are equivalent to each other and equivalent to the reflexivity of the underlying space. Motivated by this research, we also give a characterization for a normed space to …
The notion of linear Hahn-Banach extension operator was first studied in detail by Heinrich and Mankiewicz (1982). Previously, J. Lindenstrauss (1966) studied similar versions of this notion in the context of non separable reflexive Banach spaces. Subsequently, Sims and Yost (1989) proved the existence of linear Hahn-Banach extension operators via interspersing subspaces in a purely Banach space theoretic set up. In this paper, we study similar questions in the context of Banach modules and module homomorphisms, in particular, Banach algebras of operators on Banach spaces. Based on Dales, Kani…
Maximal monotone operators on a Banach space into its dual can be represented by convex functions bounded below by the duality product. It is natural to ask under which conditions a convex function represents a maximal monotone operator. A satisfactory answer, in the context of reflexive Banach spaces, has been obtained some years ago. Recently, a partial result on non-reflexive Banach spaces was obtained. In this work we study some others conditions which guarantee that a convex function represents a maximal monotone operator in non-reflexive Banach spaces.
We show that the classes of separable reflexive Banach spaces and of spaces with separable dual are strongly bounded. This gives a new proof of a recent result of E. Odell and Th. Schlumprecht, asserting that there exists a separable reflexive Banach space containing isomorphic copies of every separable uniformly convex Banach spaces.
In this paper, we construct maximally monotone operators that are not of Gossez's dense-type (D) in many nonreflexive spaces. Many of these operators also fail to possess the Brønsted-Rockafellar (BR) property. Using these operators, we show that the partial inf-convolution of two BC--functions will not always be a BC--function. This provides a negative answer to a challenging question posed by Stephen Simons. Among other consequences, we deduce that every Banach space which contains an isomorphic copy of the James space $\mathbf{J}$ or its dual $\mathbf{J}^*$, or $c_0$ or its dual $\ell^1$, a…
We give an intrinsic characterisation of the separable reflexive Banach spaces that embed into separable reflexive spaces with an unconditional basis all of whose normalised block sequences with the same growth rate are equivalent. This uses methods of E. Odell and T. Schlumprecht.
We show that every metric space with bounded geometry uniformly embeds into an explicit reflexive Banach space (a direct sum of l^p spaces). In the case of discrete groups we show the analogue of a-T-menability. That is, we construct a metrically proper affine isometric action on this Banach space.
In this paper we provide some extension results for n-cyclically monotone operators in reflexive Banach spaces by making use of the Fenchel duality. In this way we give a positive answer to a question posed by Bauschke and Wang in [4].
We are concerned with surjectivity of perturbations of maximal monotone operators in non-reflexive Banach spaces. While in a reflexive setting, a classical surjectivity result due to Rockafellar gives a necessary and sufficient condition to maximal monotonicity, in a non-reflexive space we characterize maximality using a ``enlarged'' version of the duality mapping, introduced previously by Gossez.
We give a simple argument to show that if α is an affine isometric action of a product G x H of topological groups on a reflexive Banach space X with linear part π, then either π(H) fixes a unit vector or α|G almost fixes a point on X. It follows that any affine isometric action of an abelian group on a reflexive Banach space X, whose linear part fixes no unit vectors, almost fixes points on X.
The main results of the paper: {\bf (1)} The dual Banach space $X^*$ contains a linear subspace $A\subset X^*$ such that the set $A^{(1)}$ of all limits of weak$^*$ convergent bounded nets in $A$ is a proper norm-dense subset of $X^*$ if and only if $X$ is a non-quasi-reflexive Banach space containing an infinite-dimensional subspace with separable dual. {\bf (2)} Let $X$ be a non-reflexive Banach space. Then there exists a convex subset $A\subset X^*$ such that $A^{(1)}\neq {\bar{A}\,}^*$ (the latter denotes the weak$^*$ closure of $A$). {\bf (3)} Let $X$ be a quasi-reflexive Banach space and…
Let $E$ be a Banach space and, for any positive integer $n$, let ${\cal P}(^nE)$ denote the Banach space of continuous $n$-homogeneous polynomials on $E$. Davie and Gamelin showed that the natural extension mapping from ${\cal P}(^nE)$ to ${\cal P}(^nE^{\ast\ast})$ is an isometry into the latter space. Here, we investigate when there is a natural isomorphism between ${\cal P}(^nE)^{\ast\ast}$ and ${\cal P}(^nE^{\ast\ast})$. Among other things, we show that if $E$ satisfies: \break (a) no spreading model built on a normalised weakly null sequence has a lower $q$-estimate for any $q < \infty,$ (…
By a result of Johnson, the Banach space $F=(\bigoplus_{n=1}^\infty \ell_1^n)_{\ell_\infty}$ contains a complemented copy of $\ell_1$. We identify $F$ with a complemented subspace of the space of (bounded, linear) operators on the reflexive space $(\bigoplus_{n=1}^\infty \ell_1^n)_{\ell_p}$ ($p\in (1,\infty))$, thus giving a negative answer to the problem posed in the monograph of Diestel and Uhl which asks whether the space of operators on a reflexive Banach space is Grothendieck.
Motivated by the equivalent definition of a continuous operator between Banach spaces in terms of weakly null nets, we introduce unbounded continuous operators by replacing weak convergence with the unbounded absolutely weak convergence ( $uaw$-convergence) in the definition of a continuous operator between Banach lattices. We characterize order continuous Banach lattices and reflexive Banach lattices in terms of these spaces of operators. Moreover, motivated by characterizing of a reflexive Banach lattice in terms of unbounded absolutely weakly Cauchy sequences, we consider pre-unbounded oper…
Reflexive cones in Banach spaces are cones with weakly compact intersection with the unit ball. In this paper we study the structure of this class of cones. We investigate the relations between the notion of reflexive cones and the properties of their bases. This allows us to prove a characterization of reflexive cones in term of the absence of a subcone isomorphic to the positive cone of \ell_{1}. Moreover, the properties of some specific classes of reflexive cones are investigated. Namely, we consider the reflexive cones such that the intersection with the unit ball is norm compact, those ge…
We show that if $X$ is a reflexive Banach space, then a nonautonomous operator Riccati integral equation has a unique strongly continuous self-adjoint nonnegative solution $P(t)\in\mathcal{L}(X,X^*)$
In this paper we study the reflexivity of a unital strongly closed algebra of operators with complemented invariant subspace lattice on a Banach space. We prove that if such an algebra contains a complete Boolean algebra of projections of finite uniform multiplicity and with the direct sum property, then it is reflexive, i.e. it contains every operator that leaves invariant every closed subspace in the invariant subspace lattice of the algebra. In particular, such algebras coincide with their bicommutant.
In this paper we investigate some reflexivity-type properties of separable measurable Banach bundles over a $σ$-finite measure space. Our two main results are the following: - The fibers of a bundle are uniformly convex (with a common modulus of convexity) if and only if the space of its $L^p$-sections is uniformly convex for every $p\in(1,\infty)$. - The fibers of a bundle are reflexive if and only if the space of its $L^p$-sections is reflexive. These results generalise the well-known corresponding ones for Lebesgue-Bochner spaces.
In this note we extend to the quasi-reflexive setting the result of F. Baudier, N. Kalton and G. Lancien concerning the non-embeddability of the family of countably branching trees into reflexive Banach spaces whose Szlenk index and Szlenk index from the dual are both equal to the first infinite ordinal $ω$. In particular we show that the family of countably branching trees does neither embed into the James space $\mathcal{J}_p$ nor into its dual space $\mathcal{J}_p^*$ for $p\in(1,\infty)$.
In this work we are concerned with maximality of monotone operators representable by certain convex functions in non-reflexive Banach spaces. We also prove that these maximal monotone operators satisfy a Bronsted-Rockafellar type property. We show that if a function in XxX^* and its conjugate are above the duality product in their respective domains, then this function represents a maximal monotone operator.
A family is constructed of cardinality equal to the continuum, whose members are totally incomparable, reflexive, hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces.
The paper elucidates the relationship between the density of a Banach space and possible sizes of well-separated subsets of its unit sphere. For example, it is proved that for a large enough space $X$, the unit sphere $S_X$ always contains an uncountable $(1+)$-separated subset. In order to achieve this, new results concerning the existence of large Auerbach systems are established that happen to be sharp for the class of WLD spaces. In fact, we offer the first consistent example of a non-separable WLD Banach space that contains no uncountable Auerbach system, as witnessed by a renorming of $c…
We show that for any probability measure μthere exists an equivalent norm on the space L^1(μ) whose restriction to each reflexive subspace is uniformly smooth and uniformly convex, with modulus of convexity of power type 2. This renorming provides also an estimate for the corresponding modulus of smoothness of such subspaces.
For a countable ordinal a we denote by C_a the class of separable, reflexive Banach spaces whose Szlenk index and the Szlenk index of their dual are bounded by a. We show that each C_a admits a separable, reflexive universal space. We also show that spaces in the class C_{omega^{a*omega}} embed into spaces of the same class with a basis. As a consequence we deduce that each C_a is analytic in the Effros-Borel structure of subspaces of C[0,1].
It was proved by Argyros and Dodos that, for many classes $ C $ of separable Banach spaces which share some property $ P $, there exists an isomorphically universal space that satisfies $ P $ as well. We introduce a variant of their amalgamation technique which provides an isometrically universal space in the case that $ C $ consists of spaces with a monotone Schauder basis. For example, we prove that if $ C $ is a set of separable Banach spaces which is analytic with respect to the Effros-Borel structure and every $ X \in C $ is reflexive and has a monotone Schauder basis, then there exists a…
A reflexive Banach space $X$ with a basis $(e_i)$ is constructed having the property that every monotone basis is block finitely representable in each block basis of $X$.
We show that any separable stable Banach space can be represented as a group of isometries on a separable reflexive Banach space, which extends a result of S. Guerre and M. Levy. As a consequence, we can then represent homeomorphically its space of types.
We define the notion of isometric envelope of a subspace in a Banach space, and relate it to a) the mean ergodic projection on the space of fixed points of a semigroup of contractions, b) results on Korovkin sets from the 70's, and c) extension properties of linear isometric embeddings. We use this concept to address the recent conjecture that the Gurarij space and the spaces $L_p$, $p \notin 2\mathbb N+4$ are the only separable Approximately Ultrahomogeneous Banach spaces (a certain multidimensional transitivity of the action of the linear isometry group). The similar conjecture for Fraïssé B…
Orlicz-type Function Spaces and Generalized Gradient Flows with Degenerate Dissipation Potentials in Non-Reflexive Banach Spaces: Theory and Application
We present a new proof of Zippin's Embedding Theorem, that every separable reflexive Banach space embeds into one with shrinking and boundedly complete basis, and every Banach space with a separable dual embeds into one with a shrinking basis. This new proof leads to improved versions of other embedding results.
A set of all symmetric Banach function spaces defined on [0,1] is equipped with the partial order by the relation of continuous inclusion. Properties of symmetric spaces, which do not depend of their position in the ordered structure, are studied. With the help of the J. Peetre's interpolation scheme it is shown that for any pair of symmetric spaces E, F such that F is absolutely continuously included in E there exists an intermediate (so called, Peetre's) space K(E,F;W), where W is a space with an unconditional basis, that is reflexive or, respectively, weakly sequentially complete provided W…
The representer theorem is one of the most important mathematical foundations for regularised learning and kernel methods. Classical formulations of the theorem state sufficient conditions under which a regularisation problem on a Hilbert space admits a solution in the subspace spanned by the representers of the data points. This turns the problem into an equivalent optimisation problem in a finite dimensional space, making it computationally tractable. Moreover, Banach space methods for learning have been receiving more and more attention. Considering the representer theorem in Banach spaces …
We obtain some results for and further examples of subprojective and superprojective Banach spaces. We also give several conditions providing examples of non-reflexive superprojective spaces; one of these conditions is stable under $c_0$-sums and projective tensor products.
We characterize non-reflexive Banach spaces by a low-distortion (resp. isometric) embeddability of a certain metric graph up to a renorming. Also we study non-linear sufficient conditions for $\ell_1^n$ being $(1+\varepsilon)$-isomorphic to a subspace of a Banach space $X$.
It was proved by Dodos and Ferenczi that the classes of Banach spaces with a separable dual and of separable reflexive Banach spaces are strongly bounded. In this note, we provide an isometric version of this result.
