Ioannis Gasparis
A family is constructed of cardinality equal to the continuum, whose members are totally incomparable, reflexive, hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces.
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A Hereditarily Indecomposable asymptotic $\ell_2$ Banach space is constructed. The existence of such a space answers a question of B. Maurey and verifies a conjecture of W.T. Gowers.
We construct a hereditarily indecomposable Banach space with dual isomorphic to $\ell_1$. Every bounded linear operator on this space has the form $λI+K$ with $λ$ a scalar and $K$ compact.
A space $X$ is said to be hereditarily indecomposable if no two (infinite dimensional) subspaces of $X$ are in a direct sum. In this paper, we show that if $X$ is a complex hereditarily indecomposable Banach space, then every operator from a subspace $Y$ of $X$ to $X$ is of the form $λI + S$, where $I$ is the inclusion map and $S$ is strictly singular.
A {\em hereditarily indecomposable (or H.I.)} Banach space is an infinite dimensional Banach space such that no subspace can be written as the topological sum of two infinite dimensional subspaces. As an easy consequence, no such space can contain an unconditional basic sequence. This notion was first introduced in 1993 by T.Gowers and B.Maurey, who constructed the first known example of a hereditarily indecomposable space. Gowers-Maurey space is reflexive, however it is not uniformly convex. In this article, we provide an example of a uniformly convex hereditarily indecomposable space, using …
It is shown that every Banach space either contains $\ell ^1$ or it has an infinite dimensional closed subspace which is a quotient of a H.I. Banach space.Further on, $L^p(λ)$, $1<p<\infty $, is a quotient of a H.I Banach space.
A new method of defining hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces is presented. This method provides a unified approach for constructing reflexive HI spaces and also HI spaces with no reflexive subspace. All the spaces presented here satisfy the property that the composition of any two strictly singular operators is a compact one. This yields the first known example of a Banach space with no reflexive subspace such that every operator has a non-trivial closed invariant subspace.
We give new and simple proofs of some classical properties of hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces, including the result by W. T. Gowers and B. Maurey that a hereditarily indecomposable Banach space cannot be isomorphic to a proper subspace of itself. These proofs do not make use of spectral theory and therefore, they work in real spaces as well as in complex spaces. We use our method to prove some new results. For example, we give a quantitative version of the latter result by Gowers and Maurey and deduce that Banach spaces that are isometric to all of their subspaces should have an unco…
Given a natural number $k \geq 2$, we construct a hereditarily indecomposable, $\mathscr{L}_{\infty}$ space, $X_k$ with dual isomorphic to $\ell_1$. We exhibit a non-compact, strictly singular operator $S$ on $X_k$, with the property that $S^k = 0$ and $S^j (0 \leq j \leq k-1)$ is not a compact perturbation of any linear combination of $S^l, l \neq j$. Moreover, every bounded linear operator on this space has the form $\sum_{i=0}^{k-1} λ_i S^i +K$ where the $λ_i$ are scalars and $K$ is compact. In particular, this construction answers a question of Argyros and Haydon ("A hereditarily indecompo…
We provide a characterization of the Banach spaces $X$ with a Schauder basis $(e_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ which have the property that the dual space $X^*$ is naturally isomorphic to the space $\mathcal{L}_{diag}(X)$ of diagonal operators with respect to $(e_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ . We also construct a Hereditarily Indecomposable Banach space ${\mathfrak X}_D$ with a Schauder basis $(e_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ such that ${\mathfrak X}^*_D$ is isometric to $\mathcal{L}_{diag}({\mathfrak X}_D)$ with these Banach algebras being Hereditarily Indecomposable. Finally, we show that every $T\in \mathcal{L}_{dia…
There exists a real hereditarily indecomposable Banach space $X$ such that the quotient space $L(X)/S(X)$ by strictly singular operators is isomorphic to the complex field (resp. to the quaternionic division algebra). Up to isomorphism, the example with complex quotient space has exactly two complex structures, which are conjugate, totally incomparable, and both hereditarily indecomposable. So there exist two Banach spaces which are isometric as real spaces but totally incomparable as complex spaces. This extends results of J. Bourgain and S. Szarek from 1986. The quaternionic example, on the …
We present a reflexive Banach space $\mathfrak{X}_{_{^\text{usm}}}$ which is Hereditarily Indecomposable and satisfies the following properties. In every subspace $Y$ of $\mathfrak{X}_{_{^\text{usm}}}$ there exists a weakly null normalized sequence $\{y_n\}_n$, such that every subsymmetric sequence $\{z_n\}_n$ is isomorphically generated as a spreading model of a subsequence of $\{y_n\}_n$. Also, in every block subspace $Y$ of $\mathfrak{X}_{_{^\text{usm}}}$ there exists a seminormalized block sequence $\{z_n\}$ and $T:\mathfrak{X}_{_{^\text{usm}}}\rightarrow\mathfrak{X}_{_{^\text{usm}}}$ an i…
We give a complete description of the structure of the connected components of the general linear group of a real hereditarily indecomposable Banach space, depending on the existence of complex structures on the space itself and on its hyperplanes. A side result is the fact that complex structures cannot exist simultaneously on such a space and on its hyperplanes.
It is shown that every separable reflexive Banach space is a quotient of a reflexive Hereditarily Indecomposable space, which yields that every separable reflexive Banach is isomorphic to a subspace of a reflexive Indecomposable space. Furthermore, every separable reflexive Banach space is a quotient of a reflexive complementably $\ell_p$ saturated space with $1<p<\infty$ and of a $c_0$ saturated space.
In this note we examine the connection between the stable rank one and Dedekind-finite property of the algebra of operators on a Banach space $X$. We show that for the indecomposable but not hereditarily indecomposable Banach space $X_{\infty}$ constructed by Tarbard (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013), the algebra of operators $B(X_{\infty})$ is Dedekind-finite but does not have stable rank one. While this sheds some light on the Banach space structure of $X_{\infty}$ itself, we observe that the indecomposable but not hereditarily indecomposable Banach space constructed by Gowers and M…
A Banach space $X$ with a Schauder basis is defined to have the restricted quotient hereditarily indecomposable (QHI) property if $X/Y$ is hereditarily indecomposable (HI) for any infinite codimensional subspace $Y$ with a successive finite-dimensional decomposition on the basis of $X$. A reflexive space with the restricted QHI property is in particular HI, has HI dual, and is saturated with subspaces which are HI and have HI dual. The following dichotomy theorem is proved: any infinite dimensional Banach space contains a quotient of subspace which either has an unconditional basis, or has the…
We present a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis which is quasi-minimal and tight by range, i.e. of type (4) in Ferenczi-Rosendal list within the framework of Gowers' classification program of Banach spaces. The space is an unconditional variant of the Gowers Hereditarily Indecomposable space with asymptotically unconditional basis.
We construct a Hereditarily Indecomposable Banach space $\eqs_d$ with a Schauder basis \seq{e}{n} on which there exist strictly singular non-compact diagonal operators. Moreover, the space $\mc{L}_{\diag}(\eqs_d)$ of diagonal operators with respect to the basis \seq{e}{n} contains an isomorphic copy of $\ell_{\infty}(\N)$.
Hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces may have density at most continuum (Plichko-Yost, Argyros-Tolias). In this paper we show that this cannot be proved for indecomposable Banach spaces. We provide the first example of an indecomposable Banach space of density two to continuum. The space exists consistently, is of the form C(K) and it has few operators in the sense that any bounded linear operator T on C(K) satisfies T(f)=gf+S(f) for every f in C(K), where g is in C(K) and S is weakly compact (strictly singular).
In this paper, we study the descriptive complexity of some inevitable classes of Banach spaces. Precisely, as shown in [Go], every Banach space either contains a hereditarily indecomposable subspace or an unconditional basis, and, as shown in [FR], every Banach space either contains a minimal subspace or a continuously tight subspace. In these notes, we study the complexity of those inevitable classes as well as the complexity of containing a subspace in any of those classes.
A simple, combinatorial proof of Gowers Dichotomy for Banach Spaces
本文用纯组合方法，基于无限Ramsey理论，给出了Gowers二分法的简单证明，即每个无限维Banach空间都含无条件基序列或遗传不可分解的子空间。
A hereditarily indecomposable Banach space $\mathfrak{X}_{\mathfrak{nr}}$ is constructed that is the first known example of a $\mathscr{L}_\infty$-space not containing $c_0$, $\ell_1$, or reflexive subspaces and answers a question posed by J. Bourgain. Moreover, the space $\mathfrak{X}_{\mathfrak{nr}}$ satisfies the "scalar-plus-compact" property and it is the first known space without reflexive subspaces having this property. It is constructed using the Bourgain-Delbaen method in combination with a recent version of saturation under constraints in a mixed-Tsirelson setting. As a result, the s…
The paper deals with continuous homomorphisms $S \ni s \mapsto T_s \in L(E)$ of amenable semigroups $S$ into the algebra $L(E)$ of all bounded linear operators on a Banach space $E$. For a closed linear subspace $F$ of $E$, sufficient conditions are given under which there exists a projection $P \in L(E)$ onto $F$ that commutes with all $T_s$. And when $E$ is a Hilbert space, sufficient conditions are given for the existence of an invertible operator $R \in L(E)$ such that all $R T_s R^{-1}$ are isometries. Also certain results on extending intertwining operators, renorming as well as on opera…
Assuming the generalized continuum hypothesis we construct arbitrarily big indecomposable Banach spaces. i.e., such that whenever they are decomposed as $X\oplus Y$, then one of the closed subspaces $X$ or $Y$ must be finite dimensional. It requires alternative techniques compared to those which were initiated by Gowers and Maurey or Argyros with the coauthors. This is because hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces always embed into $\ell_\infty$ and so their density and cardinality is bounded by the continuum and because dual Banach spaces of densities bigger than continuum are decomposabl…
We show that when $C(K)$ does not have few operator -- in the sense of Koszmider [P. Koszmider, Banach spaces of continuous functions with few operators. Math. Ann. 300 (2004), no. 1, 151 - 183.] -- the sets of operators which are not weak multipliers is spaceable. This shows a contrast with what happens in general Banach spaces that do not have few operators. In addition, we show that there exist a $C(K)$ space such that each operator on it is of the form $gI+hJ+S$, where $g,h\in C(K)$ and $S$ is strictly singular, in connection to a result by Ferenczi [V. Ferenczi,Uniqueness of complex struc…
In this paper, we study the coarse Lipschitz geometry of Banach spaces with several asymptotic properties. Specifically, we look at asymptotically uniformly smoothness and convexity, and several distinct Banach-Saks-like properties. Among other results, we characterize the Banach spaces which are either coarsely or uniformly homeomorphic to $T^{p_1}\oplus \ldots \oplus T^{p_n}$, where each $T^{p_j}$ denotes the $p_j$-convexification of the Tsirelson space, for $p_1,\ldots,p_n\in (1,\ldots, \infty)$, and $2\not\in\{p_1,\ldots ,p_n\}$. We obtain applications to the coarse Lipschitz geometry of t…
The HI extension of the standard HI spaces
本文针对 A. Pelczynski 提出的 HI 空间扩张问题，提出了一种为包括 Gowers-Maurey 空间在内的标准 HI 空间定义 HI 扩张的方法。
The ``multiple of the inclusion plus compact problem'' which was posed by T.W. Gowers in 1996 and Th. Schlumprecht in 2003, asks whether for every infinite dimensional Banach space $X$ there exists a closed subspace $Y$ of $X$ and a bounded linear operator from $Y$ to $X$ which is not a compact perturbation of a multiple of the inclusion map from $Y$ to $X$. We give sufficient conditions on the spreading models of seminormalized basic sequences of a Banach space $X$ which guarantee that the ``multiple of the inclusion plus compact'' problem has an affirmative answer for $X$. Our results streng…
For every Banach space $X$ with a Schauder basis consider the Banach algebra $\mathbb{R} I\oplus\mathcal{K}_\mathrm{diag}(X)$ of all diagonal operators that are of the form $λI + K$. We prove that $\mathbb{R} I\oplus\mathcal{K}_\mathrm{diag}(X)$ is a Calkin algbra i.e., there exists a Banach space $\mathcal{Y}_X$ so that the Calkin algebra of $\mathcal{Y}_X$ is isomorphic as a Banach algebra to $\mathbb{R} I\oplus\mathcal{K}_\mathrm{diag}(X)$. Among other applications of this theorem we obtain that certain hereditarily indecomposable spaces and the James spaces $J_p$ and their duals endowed wi…
We continue the study of Uniformly Finitely Extensible Banach spaces (in short, UFO) initiated in Moreno-Plichko, \emph{On automorphic Banach spaces}, Israel J. Math. 169 (2009) 29--45 and Castillo-Plichko, \emph{Banach spaces in various positions.} J. Funct. Anal. 259 (2010) 2098-2138. We show that they have the Uniform Approximation Property of Pełczyński and Rosenthal and are compactly extensible. We will also consider their connection with the automorphic space problem of Lindenstrauss and Rosenthal --do there exist automorphic spaces other than $c_0(I)$ and $\ell_2(I)$?-- showing that a s…
A bounded linear operator $T$ on a Banach space $X$ is called frequently hypercyclic if there exists $x\in X$ such that the lower density of the set $\{n\in\N:T^nx\in U\}$ is positive for any non-empty open subset $U$ of $X$. Bayart and Grivaux have raised a question whether there is a frequently hypercyclic operator on any separable infinite dimensional Banach space. We prove that the spectrum of a frequently hypercyclic operator has no isolated points. It follows that there are no frequently hypercyclic operators on all complex and on some real hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces, whic…
We present a Banach space $\mathfrak X$ with a Schauder basis of length $ω\_1$ which is saturated by copies of $c\_0$ and such that for every closed decomposition of a closed subspace $X=X\_0\oplus X\_1$, either $X\_0$ or $X\_1$ has to be separable. This can be considered as the non-separable counterpart of the notion of hereditarily indecomposable space. Indeed, the subspaces of $\mathfrak X$ have ``few operators'' in the sense that every bounded operator $T:X \to \mathfrak{X}$ from a subspace $X$ of $\mathfrak{X}$ into $\mathfrak{X}$ is the sum of a multiple of the inclusion and a $ω\_1$-sin…
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