Minimal submanifolds

Complete minimal submanifolds of compact Lie groups

We give a new method for manufacturing complete minimal submanifolds of compact Lie groups and their homogeneous quotient spaces. For this we make use of harmonic morphisms and basic representation theory of Lie groups. We then apply our method to construct many examples of compact minimal submanifolds of the special unitary groups.

Some minimal submanifolds generalizing the Clifford torus

The Clifford torus is a product surface in $\mathbb S^3$ and it is helicoidal. It will be shown that more minimal submanifolds of $\mathbb S^n$ have these properties.

Ricci Curvature and Gauss Maps of Minimal Submanifolds

We present conditions on the Ricci curvature for complete, oriented, minimal submanifolds of Euclidean space, as well as the standard unit sphere, when the Gauss maps are bounded embeddings.

Large time behavior of the on-diagonal heat kernel for minimal submanifolds with polynomial volume growth

In this paper we provide a lower bound for the long time on-diagonal heat kernel of minimal submanifolds in a Cartan-hadamard ambient manifold assuming that the submanifold is of polynomial volume growth. In particular cases, that lower bound is related with the number of ends of the submanifold.

Minimal helix submanifolds and Minimal Riemannian foliations

We investigate minimal helix submanifolds of any dimension and codimension immersed in Euclidean space. Our main result proves that a ruled minimal helix submanifold is a cylinder. As an application we classify complex helix submanifolds of $\mathbb{C}^n$: They are extrinsic products with a complex line as a factor. The key tool is Corollary 1.3 which allows us to classify Riemannian foliations of open subsets of the Euclidean space with minimal leaves. Finally, we consider the case of a helix hypersurface with constant mean curvature and prove that it is either a cylinder or an open part of a…

高余维球面中极小子流形的刚性

Rigidity of Minimal Submanifolds in Spheres of Higher Codimension

该研究针对单位球面中高余维极小子流形的陈省身猜想，建立积分不等式并在第二基本形式平方模长挤压条件下获新刚性定理，推进了极小子流形刚性研究。

On product minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in complex space forms

In this paper we consider minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in $n$-dimensional complex space forms. More precisely, we study such submanifolds which, endowed with the induced metrics, write as a Riemannian product of two Riemannian manifolds, each having constant sectional curvature. As the main result, we give a complete classification of these submanifolds.

On stable compact minimal submanifolds

Stable compact minimal submanifolds of the product of a sphere and any Riemannian manifold are classified whenever the dimension of the sphere is at least three. The complete classification of the stable compact minimal submanifolds of the product of two spheres is obtained. Also, it is proved that the only stable compact minimal surfaces of the product of a 2-sphere and any Riemann surface are the complex ones.

涉及Möbius变换的极小子流形的单调性公式

Monotonicity formulas for minimal submanifolds involving Möbius transformations

本文证明了欧氏空间中极小子流形在Möbius变换下的同心球像的（加权）体积的单调性公式。

Minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in indefinite complex space

Consider the complex linear space C^n endowed with the canonical pseudo-Hermitian form of signature (2p,2(n-p)). This yields both a pseudo-Riemannian and a symplectic structure on C^n. We prove that those submanifolds which are both Lagrangian and minimal with respect to these structures minimize the volume in their Lagrangian homology class. We also describe several families of minimal Lagrangian submanifolds. In particular, we characterize the minimal Lagrangian surfaces in C^2 endowed with its natural neutral metric and the equivariant minimal Lagrangian submanifolds of C^n with arbitrary s…

A strong stability condition on minimal submanifolds and its implications

We identify a strong stability condition on minimal submanifolds that implies uniqueness and dynamical stability properties. In particular, we prove a uniqueness theorem and a C^1 dynamical stability theorem of the mean curvature flow for minimal submanifolds that satisfy this condition. The latter theorem states that the mean curvature flow of any other submanifold in a C^1 neighborhood of such a minimal submanifold exists for all time, and converges exponentially to the minimal one. This extends our previous uniqueness and stability theorem [arXiv:1605.03645] which applies only to calibrated…

From minimal Lagrangian to J-minimal submanifolds: persistence and uniqueness

Given a minimal Lagrangian submanifold L in a negative Kaehler--Einstein manifold M, we show that any small Kaehler--Einstein perturbation of M induces a deformation of L which is minimal Lagrangian with respect to the new structure. This provides a new source of examples of minimal Lagrangians. More generally, the same is true for the larger class of totally real J-minimal submanifolds in Kaehler manifolds with negative definite Ricci curvature.

双曲空间中余维数至多为二的极小子齐次子流形

On minimal homogeneous submanifolds of the hyperbolic space up to codimension two

本文研究双曲空间中余维数不超过二的齐次极小子流形，证明维数 n≥5 时此类子流形必为全测地子流形。

Minimal submanifolds: Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics

We give a quick tour through many of the classical results in the field of minimal submanifolds, starting at the definition. The field of minimal submanifolds remains extremely active and has very recently seen major developments that have solved many longstanding open problems and conjectures; for more on this, see the expanded version of this survey as well as recent surveys of Meeks and Perez, Perez, and Rosenberg.

通过复值特征函数构造极小子流形

Minimal Submanifolds via Complex-Valued Eigenfunctions

本文提出利用复值特征函数在黎曼几何中构造极小子流形的新方法，并特别关注环境流形紧致时的应用。

Moving monotonicity formulae for minimal submanifolds in constant curvature

We discover new monotonicity formulae for minimal submanifolds in space forms, which imply the sharp area bound for minimal submanifolds through a prescribed point in a geodesic ball. These monotonicity formulae involve an energy-like integral over sets which are, in general, not geodesic balls. In the Euclidean case, these sets reduce to the moving-centre balls introduced by the second author in [Zhu18].

除测地线、极小曲面和极小子流形外，面积最小化子流形一般非光滑

Area-minimizing submanifolds are not generically smooth, except for geodesics, minimal surfaces, and minimal hypersurfaces

研究模2同调中面积最小化子流形的光滑性，证明其一般非光滑（除特定情况），解决怀特猜想，还建立奇异集豪斯多夫维数下界，并证明$\rpt$维罗内塞极小嵌入上的锥是模2面积最小化的。

Curvature estimates for minimal submanifolds of higher codimension and small G-rank

We obtain new curvature estimates and Bernstein type results for minimal $n-$submanifolds in $\ir{n+m},\, m\ge 2$ under the condition that the rank of its Gauss map is at most 2. In particular, this applies to minimal surfaces in Euclidean spaces of arbitrary codimension.

Parallel calibrations and minimal submanifolds

Given a parallel calibration $ϕ\in Ω^p(M)$ on a Riemannian manifold $M$, I prove that the $ϕ$--critical submanifolds with nonzero critical value are minimal submanifolds. I also show that the $ϕ$--critical submanifolds are precisely the integral manifolds of a $\mathscr{C}^\infty(M)$--linear subspace $\sP \subset Ω^p(M)$. In particular, the calibrated submanifolds are necessarily integral submanifolds of the system. (Examples of parallel calibrations include the special Lagrangian calibration on Calabi-Yau manifolds, (co)associative calibrations on $G_2$--manifolds, and the Cayley calibration …

Rigidity of minimal submanifolds in hyperbolic space

We prove that if an $n$-dimensional complete minimal submanifold $M$ in hyperbolic space has sufficiently small total scalar curvature then $M$ has only one end. We also prove that for such $M$ there exist no nontrivial $L^2$ harmonic 1-forms on $M$.

Embeddedness of minimal submanifolds in homogeneous spaces

This paper has been withdrawn.

$L^2$ harmonic 1-forms on minimal submanifolds in hyperbolic space

In this paper, we prove the nonexistence of $L^2$ harmonic 1-forms on a complete super stable minimal submanifold $M$ in hyperbolic space under the assumption that the first eigenvalue $λ_1 (M)$ for the Laplace operator on $M$ is bounded below by $(2n-1)(n-1)$. Moreover, we provide sufficient conditions for minimal submanifolds in hyperbolic space to be super stable.

调和映射与最小子流形

Harmonic morphisms and minimal submanifolds

本文研究了调和映射与最小子流形的关系，推导了调和映射在不同余维数下的性质，并通过具体例子得到了新的面积最小超锥体。

Minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in the complex hyperbolic space

In this paper we construct new examples of minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in the complex hyperbolic space with large symmetry groups, obtaining three 1-parameter families with cohomegeneity one. We characterize them as the only minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in CH^n foliated by umbilical hypersurfaces of Lagrangian subspaces RH^n of CH^n. Several suitable generalizations of the above construction allow us to get new families of minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in CH^n from curves in CH^1 and (n-1)-dimensional minimal Lagrangian submanifolds of the complex space forms CP^n-1, CH^n-1 and C^n-1.…

Frame bundle approach to generalized minimal submanifolds

We extend the notion of $r$-minimality of a submanifold in arbitrary codimension to $u$-minimality for a multi-index $u\in\mathbb{N}^q$, where $q$ is the codimension. This approach is based on the analysis on the frame bundle of orthonormal frames of the normal bundle to a submanifold and vector bundles associated with this bundle. The notion of $u$-minimality comes from the variation of $σ_u$-symmetric function obtained from the family of shape operators corresponding to all possible bases of the normal bundle. We obtain the variation field, which gives alternative definition of $u$--minimali…

Complete minimal submanifolds with nullity in the hyperbolic space

We investigate complete minimal submanifolds $f\colon M^3\to\Hy^n$ in hyperbolic space with index of relative nullity at least one at any point. The case when the ambient space is either the Euclidean space or the round sphere was already studied in \cite{dksv1} and \cite{dksv2}, respectively. If the scalar curvature is bounded from below we conclude that the submanifold has to be either totally geodesic or a generalized cone over a complete minimal surface lying in an equidistant submanifold of $\Hy^n$.

Construction of Hamiltonian-minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in complex Euclidean space

We describe several families of Lagrangian submanifolds in the complex Euclidean space which are H-minimal, i.e. critical points of the volume functional restricted to Hamiltonian variations. We make use of various constructions involving planar, spherical and hyperbolic curves, as well as Legendrian submanifolds of the odd-dimensional unit sphere.

从广义Bochner技巧的观点论极小子流形与调和映射理论

On the theory of minimal submanifolds and harmonic maps from the point of view of the generalized Bochner technique

本文从广义Bochner技巧出发，研究完备黎曼流形上的调和映射及极小与稳定极小子流形，并重新审视相关经典定理。

Curvature estimates for minimal submanifolds of higher codimension

We derive curvature estimates for minimal submanifolds in Euclidean space for arbitrary dimension and codimension via Gauss map. Thus, Schoen-Simon-Yau's results and Ecker-Huisken's results are generalized to higher codimension. In this way we improve Hildebrandt-Jost-Widman's result for the Bernstein type theorem.

Widths of balls and free boundary minimal submanifolds

We observe that the $k$-dimensional width of an $n$-ball in a space form is given by the area of an equatorial $k$-ball. We also investigate related lower bounds for the area of a free boundary minimal submanifold in a space form ball.

经典紧 Riemann 对称空间的极小子流形

Minimal Submanifolds of the Classical Compact Riemannian Symmetric Spaces

本研究面向经典紧 Riemann 对称空间，利用 Gudmundsson 与 Munn 的近期结果，提出借助特征函数构造极小子流形的方法。

Barrier methods for minimal submanifolds in the Gibbons-Hawking ansatz

We describe a barrier argument for compact minimal submanifolds in the multi-Eguchi-Hanson and in the multi-Taub-NUT spaces, which are hyperkaehler 4-manifolds given by the Gibbons-Hawking ansatz. This approach is used to obtain results towards a classification of compact minimal submanifolds in this setting. We also prove a converse of Tsai and Wang's result that relates the strong stability condition to the convexity of the distance function.

$f$-minimal Lagrangian Submanifolds in Kähler Manifolds with Real Holomorphy Potentials

The aim of this paper is to study variational properties for $f$-minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in Kähler manifolds with real holomorphy potentials. Examples of submanifolds of this kind incuding soliton solutions for Lagrangian mean curvature flow (LMCF). We derive second variation formula for $f$-minimal Lagrangians as a generalization of Chen and Oh's formula for minimal Lagrangians. As a corollary, we obtain stability of expanding and translating solitons for LMCF. We also define calibrated submanifolds with respect to $f$-volume in gradient steady Kähler--Ricci solitons as generalization…

Hamiltonian-minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in complex space forms

Using Legendrian immersions and, in particular, Legendre curves in odd dimensional spheres and anti De Sitter spaces, we provide a method of construction of new examples of Hamiltonian-minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in complex projective and hyperbolic spaces, including explicit one parameter families of embeddings of quotients of certain product manifolds. In addition, new examples of minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in complex projective and hyperbolic spaces also appear. Making use of all of them, we get Hamiltonian-minimal and special Lagrangian cones in complex Euclidean space too.

Index of compact minimal submanifolds of the Berger spheres

The stability and the index of compact minimal submanifolds of the Berger spheres $\mathbb{S}^{2n+1}_τ,\, 0<τ\leq 1$, are studied. Unlike the case of the standard sphere ($τ=1$), where there are no stable compact minimal submanifolds, the Berger spheres have stable ones if and only if $τ^2\leq 1/2$. Moreover, there are no stable compact minimal $d$-dimensional submanifolds of $\mathbb{S}^{2n+1}_τ$ when $1 / (d+1) < τ^2 \leq 1$ and the stable ones are classified for $τ^2=1 / (d+1)$ when the submanifold is embedded. Finally, the compact orientable minimal surfaces of $\mathbb{S}^3_τ$ with index …

Helix, shadow boundary and minimal submanifolds

Inspired by a Blaschke's work about analytic convex surfaces, we study {\em shadow boundaries} of Riemannian submanifolds $M$, which are defined by a parallel vector field along $M$. Since a shadow boundary is just a closed subset of $M$, first, we will give a condition that guarantee its smoothness. It depends on the second fundamental form of the submanifold. It is natural to search for what kind of properties might have such submanifolds of $M$? Could they be totally geodesic or minimal? Answers to these and related questions are given in this work.

A class of complete minimal submanifolds and their associated families of genuine deformations

Concerning the problem of classifying complete submanifolds of Euclidean space with codimension two admitting genuine isometric deformations, until now the only known examples with the maximal possible rank four are the real Kaehler minimal submanifolds classified by Dajczer-Gromoll \cite{dg3} in parametric form. These submanifolds behave like minimal surfaces, namely, if simple connected either they admit a nontrivial one-parameter associated family of isometric deformations or are holomorphic. In this paper, we characterize a new class of complete minimal genuinely deformable Euclidean subma…

关于极小子流形的崎岖度量定理

On the Bumpy Metrics Theorem for Minimal Submanifolds

本文将崎岖度量定理推广，证明在光滑流形的 generic $C^k$ Riemann 度量下，不存在带非平凡 Jacobi 场的闭嵌入极小子流形。

Timelike Minimal Submanifolds of General Co-dimension in Minkowski SpaceTime

We consider the timelike minimal surface problem in Minkowski spacetimes and show local and global existence of such surfaces having arbitrary dimension $\geq 2$ and arbitrary co-dimension, provided they are initially close to a flat plane.

球面中低指标的可定向极小子流形

Orientable minimal submanifolds of low index in the sphere

本文证明了球面中低指标可定向极小子流形的刚性：指标不超过$2m+1$的闭连通$(2m-2)$维极小子流形必为全测地球面。

Mean time exit and isoperimetric inequalities \\for minimal submanifolds of $N\times \mathbb{R}$

Based on Markvorsen and Palmer's work on mean time exit and isoperimetric inequalities we establish slightly better isoperimetric inequalities and mean time exit estimates for minimal submanifolds of $N\times\mathbb{R}$. We also prove isoperimetric inequalities for submanifolds of Hadamard spaces with tamed second fundamental form.

Complete minimal submanifolds with nullity in Euclidean space

In this paper, we investigate minimal submanifolds in Euclidean space with positive index of relative nullity. Let $M^m$ be a complete Riemannian manifold and let $f\colon M^m\to\R^n$ be a minimal isometric immersion with index of relative nullity at least $m-2$ at any point. We show that if the Omori-Yau maximum principle for the Laplacian holds on $M^m$, for instance, if the scalar curvature of $M^m$ does not decrease to $-\infty$ too fast or if the immersion $f$ is proper, then the submanifold must be a cylinder over a minimal surface.

A moduli space of minimal affine Lagrangian submanifolds

It is proved that the moduli space of all connected compact orientable embedded minimal affine Lagrangian submanifolds of a complex equiaffine space constitutes an infinite dimensional Frechet manifold (if it is not the empty set). The moduli space of all connected compact orientable metric Lagrangian embedded surfaces in an almost Kaehler 4-dimensional manifold forms an infinite dimensional Frechet manifold (if it is not the empty set).

Reductions of minimal Lagrangian submanifolds with symmetries

Let $M$ be a Fano manifold equipped with a Kähler form $ω\in 2πc_1(M)$ and $K$ a connected compact Lie group acting on $M$ as holomorphic isometries. In this paper, we show the minimality of a $K$-invariant Lagrangian submanifold $L$ in $M$ w.r.t. a globally conformal Kähler metric is equivalent to the minimality of the reduced Lagrangian submanifold $L_0=L/K$ in a Kähler quotient $M_0$ w.r.t. the Hsiang-Lawson metric. Furthermore, we give some examples of Kähler reductions by using a circle action obtained from a cohomogenenity one action on a Kähler-Einstein manifold of positive Ricci curvat…

Minimal real Kaehler submanifolds

We show that generic rank conditions on the second fundamental form of an isometric immersion $f\colon M^{2n}\to\mathbb{R}^{2n+p}$ of a Kaehler manifold of complex dimension $n\geq 2$ into Euclidean space with low codimension $p$ implies that the submanifold has to be minimal. If $M^{2n}$ if simply connected, this amounts to the existence of a one-parameter associated family of isometric minimal immersions unless $f$ is holomorphic.

关于共形球面中极小子流形的稳定性

On the stability of minimal submanifolds in conformal spheres

本文证明了在共形且δ-夹挤的n维球面中，不存在维数在2到n-δ^{-1}之间的闭稳定极小子流形。

球面中极小子流形的极小乘积的Morse指数

Morse index of minimal products of minimal submanifolds in spheres

该研究针对球面极小子流形的Clifford型极小乘积，证明其由拉普拉斯第一特征函数浸入的充要条件，给出Morse指数与零化度估计，并得到Clifford极小子流形的对应精确值。

The associated family of an elliptic surface and applications to minimal submanifolds

It is well-known that in any codimension a simply connected Euclidean minimal surface has an associated one-parameter family of minimal isometric deformations. In this paper, we show that this is just a special case of the associated family to any simply connected elliptic surface for which all curvature ellipses of a certain order are circles. We also provide the conditions under which this associated family is trivial, extending the known result for minimal surfaces. As an application, we show how the associated family of a minimal Euclidean submanifold of rank two is determined by the assoc…

Minimal Lagrangian submanifolds of the complex hyperquadric

We introduce a structural approach to study Lagrangian submanifolds of the complex hyperquadric in arbitrary dimension by using its family of non-integrable almost product structures. In particular, we define local angle functions encoding the geometry of the Lagrangian submanifold at hand. We prove that these functions are constant in the special case that the Lagrangian immersion is the Gauss map of an isoparametric hypersurface of a sphere and give the relation with the constant principal curvatures of the hypersurface. We also use our techniques to classify all minimal Lagrangian submanifo…

Holomorphic vector fields and minimal Lagrangian submanifolds

The purpose of this note is to establish the following theorem: Let N be a Kahler manifold, L be a compact oriented immersed minimal Lagrangian submanifold in N and V be a holomorphic vector field in a neighbourhood of L in N. Let div(V) be the (complex) divergence of V. Then the integral of div(V) over L is 0. Vice versa let N^2n be Kahler-Einstein with non-zero scalar curvature and L^n be a totally real oriented embedded n-dimensional real-analytic submanifold of N s.t. the divergence of any holomorphic vector field defined in a neighbourhood of L in N integrates to 0 on L. Then L is a minim…

Lagrangian submanifolds of the nearly Kähler $\mathbb{S}^3 \times \mathbb{S}^3$ from minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^3$

We study non-totally geodesic Lagrangian submanifolds of the nearly Kähler $\mathbb{S}^3 \times \mathbb{S}^3$ for which the projection on the first component is nowhere of maximal rank. We show that this property can be expressed in terms of the so called angle functions and that such Lagrangian submanifolds are closely related to minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^3$. Indeed, starting from an arbitrary minimal surface, we can construct locally a large family of such Lagrangian immersions, including one exceptional example.

极小子流形的奇点

Singularities of minimal submanifolds

本文综述极小曲面奇点结构的关键结果与未决问题，并讨论稳定极小超曲面奇点研究中的技术简化。

On the fundamental tone of minimal submanifolds with controlled extrinsic curvature

The aim of this paper is to obtain the fundamental tone for minimal submanifolds of the Euclidean or hyperbolic space under certain restrictions on the extrinsic curvature. We show some sufficient conditions on the norm of the second fundamental form that allow us to obtain the same upper and lower bound for the fundamental tone of minimal submanifolds in a Cartan-Hadamard ambient manifold. As an intrinsic result, we obtain a sufficient condition on the volume growth of a Cartan-Hadamard manifold to achieve the lowest bound for the fundamental tone given by McKean.

经典紧李群的非紧对偶的完备极小子流形

Complete Minimal Submanifolds of the Non-Compact Duals to the Classical Compact Lie Groups

该研究针对经典紧李群的非紧对偶空间，构造了新的余维数2的完备极小子流形族，丰富了极小子流形的相关研究成果。