Tyler J. Jarvis, William E. Lang, Nansen Petrosyan, Gretchen Rimmasch, Julie Rogers, Erin D. Summers
We determine and list all possible configurations of singular fibres on rational elliptic surfaces in characteristic three. In total, we find that 267 distinct configurations exist. This result complements Miranda and Persson's classification in characteristic zero, and Lang's classification in characteristic two.
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In this work we describe a construction of semistable fibrations over an elliptic curve with one unique singular fibre and we give effective examples using monodromy of curves.
We prove that the maximal singular fibres of elliptic K3 surfaces have type I_19 and I_14* unless the characteristic of the ground field is 2. In characteristic 2, the maximal singular fibres are I_18 and I_13*. The paper supplements work of Shioda, published in 2003 and 2005.
We study deformation theory of elliptic fibre bundles over curves in positive characteristics. As applications, we give examples of non-liftable elliptic surfaces in charactertic two and three, which answers a question of Katsura and Ueno. Also, we construct a class of elliptic fibrations, whose liftability is equivalent to a conjecture of F. Oort concerning the liftability of automorphisms of curves. Finally, we classify deformations of bielliptic surfaces.
We consider a rational surface with a relatively minimal fibration. Picard number of a such fibred surface is bounded in terms of the genus of a general fibre. When Picard number is the maximum for any given genus, we characterize a such fibred surface whose Mordell-Weil group is trivial by singular fibres. Furthermore, we describe the defining equation explicitly.
We study threefolds fibred by Kummer surfaces associated to products of elliptic curves, that arise as resolved quotients of threefolds fibred by certain lattice polarized K3 surfaces under a fibrewise Nikulin involution. We present a general construction for such surfaces, before specializing our results to study Calabi-Yau threefolds arising as resolved quotients of threefolds fibred by mirror quartic K3 surfaces. Finally, we give some geometric properties of the Calabi-Yau threefolds that we have constructed, including expressions for Hodge numbers.
It has been proved several times in the literature that a polynomial map from $C^2$ to $C$ with irreducible rational fibers cannot be a component of a counterexample to the Jacobian Conjecture. This note points out that this result is empty: it is implicit in 1980 work of Miyanish and Sugie that such a polynomial is equivalent to $f(x,y)=x$ by a polynomial automorphism of $C^2$.
Rational elliptic surfaces with six singular double fibres
本文研究具有六个奇异双纤维的有理椭圆面，通过多种视角进行分类并给出构造方法。
We consider an elliptic surface $π: \mathcal{E}\rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$ defined over a number field $k$ and study the problem of comparing the rank of the special fibres over $k$ with that of the generic fibre over $k(\mathbb{P}^1)$. We prove, for a large class of rational elliptic surfaces, the existence of infinitely many fibres with rank at least equal to the generic rank plus two.
We study unramified sections of the fundamental group sequence of smooth projective curves of genus $\geq 2$ over $p$-adic fields together with an integral model. We are particularly interested in the induced specialized sections of the special fibre and how they relate to homotopy rational points over the residue field. Under mild assumptions, such a specialized section induces a unique homotopy rational point of the special fibre that is compatible with the original section of the generic fibre in cohomological settings. We give two applications of such specialized homotopy rational points a…
We classify singular fibres over general points of the discriminant locus of projective complex Lagrangian fibrations on 4-dimensional holomorphic symplectic manifolds. The singular fibre F is the following either one: F is isomorphic to the product of an elliptic curve and a Kodaira singular fibre up to finite unramified covering or F is a normal crossing variety consisting of several copies of a minimal elliptic ruled surface of which the dual graph is Dynkin diagram of type A_n, $\tilde{A_n}$, $\tilde{D_n}$ or D_n.
For any pencil of conics or higher-dimensional quadrics over the rationals, with all degenerate fibres defined over the rationals, we show that the Brauer-Manin obstruction controls weak approximation. The proof is based on the Hasse principle and weak approximation for some special intersections of quadrics, which is a consequence of recent advances in additive combinatorics.
Using Lagrangian Floer theory, we study the tropical geometry of K3 surfaces with general singular fibres. In particular, we give the local models for the type $I_n$, $II$, $III$ and $IV$ singular fibres in the Kodaira's classification and generalize the correspondence theorem between open Gromov-Witten invariants/tropical discs counting to these cases.
We explicitly determine the elliptic K3 surfaces with a maximal singular fibre. If the characteristic of the ground field is different from 2, for each of the two possible maximal fibre types, $I_{19}$ and $I^*_{14}$, the surface is unique. In characteristic 2 the maximal fibre types are $I_{18}$ and $I^*_{13}$, and there exist two (resp. one) one-parameter families of such surfaces.
We show that simultaneous log resolutions of simply elliptic singularities can be constructed inside suitable stacks of principal bundles over elliptic curves. In particular, we give a direct geometrical construction of del Pezzo surfaces from the corresponding exceptional simple algebraic groups.
Periods of fibre products of elliptic surfaces and the Gamma conjecture
本文提出计算$\mathbb P^1$上椭圆曲面纤维积同调基、相交积和周期矩阵的算法，用于研究由此得到的Calabi-Yau三维流形的Gamma猜想，发现适用于105个纤维积算子及Calabi-Yau数据库四阶算子的公式，并提供SageMath实现。
Real singular Del Pezzo surfaces and threefolds fibred by rational curves, I
本文研究实光滑射影三维簇有理曲线纤维化的拓扑，证明几何有理底曲面时 Seifert 纤维化或透镜空间连通和的参数 k 不超过 4，并肯定回答 Kollár 的两个问题，通过实奇异 Del Pezzo 曲面分析得出。
We define a monodromy homomorphism for irreducible families of regular elliptic fibrations which takes values in the mapping class group of a punctured sphere. We compute the monodromy for elliptic fibrations only which contain no singular fibres of types other than I_1 and I*_0. There are maximal groups, which can be the monodromy groups of algebraic, resp. differentiable families of elliptic surfaces, and we give an algebraic criterion for the equality of both groups which we can check to apply in case the number of I_1 fibres is at most 6.
We study non-isotrivial projective families of elliptic surfaces of Kodaira dimension one, over complex projective curves. If the base is an elliptic curve, we show that the family must have a singular fibre, and that over the projective line it must have at least three singular fibres. Similar results, for families of surfaces of general type, have been obtained by Migliorini and Kovács, and they are well-known for projective families of surfaces of Kodaira dimension zero. Revised version: We corrected some minor errors and ambiguities, and we completed the list of references.
We revisit the abstract framework underlying the fibration method for producing rational points on the total space of fibrations over the projective line. By fine-tuning its dependence on external arithmetic conjectures, we render the method unconditional when the degree of the non-split locus is $\leq 2$, as well as in various instances where it is $3$. We are also able to obtain improved results in the regime that is conditionally accessible under Schinzel's hypothesis, by incorporating into it, for the first time, a technique due to Harari for controlling the Brauer--Manin obstruction in fa…
Real singular Del Pezzo surfaces and 3-folds fibred by rational curves, II
本文肯定回答 Kollár 的三个问题，对有理曲面上的实三维流形给出 Seifert 纤维与透镜空间的精确估计，推广 Comessatti 定理，并构造非可定向双曲型基的极小例子。
Geometric variations of local systems are families of variations of Hodge structure; they typically correspond to fibrations of Kähler manifolds for which each fibre itself is fibred by codimension one Kähler manifolds. In this article, we introduce the formalism of geometric variations of local systems and then specialize the theory to study families of elliptic surfaces. We interpret a construction of twisted elliptic surface families used by Besser-Livné in terms of the middle convolution functor, and use explicit methods to calculate the variations of Hodge structure underlying the univers…
Jacobian elliptic fibrations on K3s with a non-symplectic automorphism of order 3
本文依据3阶非辛自同构对纤维的作用，结合Kneser–Nishiyama方法分类相应K3曲面上的Jacobian椭圆纤维化，并给出可约纤维类型与σ不变Weierstrass方程。
In this paper we investigate two stratifications of the moduli space of elliptically fibred K3 surfaces. The first comes from Shimada's classification of connected components of elliptically fibred K3 surfaces and is closely related to the root lattice of the fibration. The second is the monodromy stratification defined by Bogomolov, Petrov and Tschinkel. The main result of the paper is a classification of all positive-dimensional ambi-typical strata, that is strata which are both Shimada root strata and monodromy strata. We further discuss the connection with moduli spaces of lattice-polarise…
We prove rationality results for moduli spaces of elliptic K3 surfaces and elliptic rational surfaces with fixed monodromy groups.
We consider K3 surfaces which are double cover of rational elliptic surfaces. The former are endowed with a natural elliptic fibration, which is induced by the latter. There are also other elliptic fibrations on such K3 surfaces, which are necessarily induced by special linear systems on the rational elliptic surfaces. We describe these linear systems. In particular, we observe that every conic bundle on the rational surface induces a genus 1 fibration on the K3 surface and we classify the singular fibers of the genus 1 fibration on the K3 surface it terms of singular fibers and special curves…
The platonic elliptic surfaces
本文构造了附属于柏拉图立体的特殊有理椭圆曲面，研究其代数几何性质等，发现需改进Dwork展开以确定其纤维化纤维的欧拉因子。
We calculate the Tate-Shafarevich group of an elliptic three-fold $f:X\rightarrow S$ when $X$ and $S$ are regular and $f$ is flat, relating it to the Brauer group of $X$ and $S$. We show that given certain hypotheses on $f$, the Tate-Shafarevich group has the interpretation of isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over the function field of $S$ which have the same jacobian as the generic fibre of $f$, and for which there exists a relatively minimal model which has no multiple fibres. We use this to give examples of elliptic fibrations with isolated multiple fibres, and also to give a new coun…
We show that the number of rational points on the fibres of a proper morphism of smooth varieties over a finite field k whose generic fibre has a ``trival'' Chow group of zero cycles is congruent to 1 mod |k|. As a consequence we prove that there is a rational point on any degeneration of a smooth proper rationally chain connected variety over a finite field. We also obtain a generalisation of the Chevalley-Warning theorem.
Unirationality is the same thing as Rational Connectedness in Characteristic Zero
本文证明特征零域上光滑射影变体的单有理性、有理连通性与有理链连通性等价，通过引入MU(X)并结合MRC纤维丛与归纳论证完成证明。
We investigate properties of the Albanese map and the fundamental group of a complex projective variety with many rational points over some function field, and prove that every linear quotient of the fundamental group of such a variety is virtually abelian, as well as that its Albanese map is surjective, has connected fibres, and has no multiple fibres in codimension one.
Elliptic fibrations on toric $K3$ hypersurfaces and mirror symmetry derived from Fano polytopes
本文确定了由Fano多面体导出的环面$K3$超曲面的Néron-Severi格，通过引入特定椭圆纤维化并证明其生成元，从而证明了Dolgachev猜想。
Degenerations and Fibrations of K3 Surfaces: Lattice Polarisations and Mirror Symmetry
本文研究K3曲面Tyurin退化及椭圆纤维化的格极化理论，建立兼容现有定义的格极化概念，并探讨两种设置间的镜像对称对应。
We classify nets of quadrics in P^3 which give rise to elliptic fibrations of Mordell-Weil rank zero.
We derive an efficient algorithm to find solutions to Euler's concordant form problem and rational points on elliptic curves associated with this problem.
We study ruled orders. These arise naturally in the Mori program for orders on projective surfaces and morally speaking are orders on a ruled surface ramified on a bisection and possibly some fibres. We describe fibres of a ruled order and show they are in some sense rational. We also determine the Hilbert scheme of rational curves and hence the corresponding non-commutative Mori contraction. This gives strong evidence that ruled orders are examples of the non-commutative ruled surfaces introduced by Van den Bergh.
We consider relatively minimal fibrations of curves of genus two on rational surfaces whose Picard numbers are not maximal. By birational morphisms, such fibred surfaces are interpreted as pencils of plane curves. We show that only four are canonical, among a variety of possible models. For each canonical pencil, we give an example with trivial Mordell-Weil group.
A fibration is said to be isotrivial if all of its smooth fibres are isomorphic to a single fixed variety. We classify the elliptic K3 surfaces that are isotrivial, and use them to construct Lagrangian fibrations that are isotrivial. We then modify the construction to produce new examples of holomorphic symplectic orbifolds, that also admit isotrivial Lagrangian fibrations.
We compute the nef cone of the Hilbert scheme of points on a general rational elliptic surface. As a consequence of our computation, we show that the Morrison-Kawamata cone conjecture holds for these nef cones.
We study K3 surfaces over a number field $k$ which are double covers of extremal rational elliptic surfaces. We provide a list of all elliptic fibrations on certain K3 surfaces together with the degree of a field extension over which each genus one fibration is defined and admits a section. We show that the latter depends, in general, on the action of the cover involution on the fibers of the genus 1 fibration.
Reflexive polygons and rational elliptic surfaces
本文研究了与十六个自反多边形相关的八个有理椭圆曲面，其椭圆纤维化在镜像对称下对应八个光滑 del Pezzo 曲面族。
In this paper we determine a minimal set of generators for the Cox rings of extremal rational elliptic surfaces. Moreover, we develop a technique for computing the ideal of relations between them which allows, in all but three cases, to provide a presentation of the Cox ring.
We study the groups of automorphisms of rational algebraic surfaces that admit a relatively minimal pencil of curves of arithmetic genus one over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. In particular, we classify such surfaces that admit non-trivial automorphisms that act trivially on the Picard group. As an application, we classify classical Enriques surfaces in characteristic $2$ that admit non-trivial numerically trivial automorphisms.
In this paper, we continue the study of the relation between rational points of rational elliptic surfaces and plane curves. As an application, we give first examples of Zariski pairs of cubic-line arrangements that do not involve inflectional tangent lines.
Let $X$ be a rational elliptic surface with elliptic fibration $π:X\to\Bbb{P}^1$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of any characteristic. Given a conic bundle $φ:X\to\Bbb{P}^1$ we use numerical arguments to classify all possible fibers of $φ$ and study the interplay between singular fibers of $π$ and $φ$.
We study the Seshadri constants on geometrically ruled surfaces. The unstable case is completely solved. Moreover, we give some bounds for the stable case. We apply these results to compute the Seshadri constant of the rational and elliptic ruled surfaces. Both cases are completely determined. The elliptic case provides an interesting picture of how particular is the behavior of the Seshadri constants.
We prove that any non-isotrivial elliptic K3 surface over an algebraically closed field $k$ of arbitrary characteristic contains infinitely many rational curves. In the case when $\mathrm{char}(k)\neq 2,3$, we prove this result for any elliptic K3 surface. When the characteristic of $k$ is zero, this result is due to the work of Bogomolov-Tschinkel and Hassett.
Let $π:X\to \mathbb{P}^1_{\mathbb{Q}}$ be a non-singular conic bundle over $\mathbb{Q}$ having $n$ non-split fibres and denote by $N(π,B)$ the cardinality of the fibres of Weil height at most $B$ that possess a rational point. Serre showed in $1990$ that a direct application of the large sieve yields $$N(π,B)\ll B^2(\log B)^{-n/2}$$ and raised the problem of proving that this is the true order of magnitude of $N(π,B)$ under the necessary assumption that there exists at least one smooth fibre with a rational point. We solve this problem for all non-singular conic bundles of rank at most $3$. Ou…
Miranda and Persson classified all extremal rational elliptic surfaces in characteristic zero. We show that each surface in Miranda and Persson's classification has an integral model with good reduction everywhere (except for those of type X_{11}(j), which is an exceptional case), and that every extremal rational elliptic surface over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0 can be obtained by reducing one of these integral models mod p.
Given a proper family of varieties over a smooth base, with smooth total space and general fibre, all over a finite field k with q elements, we show that a finiteness hypothesis on the Chow groups, CH_i, i=0,1,...,r, of the fibres in the family leads to congruences mod q^{r+1} for the number of rational points in all the fibres over k-rational points of the base. These hypotheses on the Chow groups are expected to hold for families of low degree intersections in many Fano varieties leading to a broad generalisation of the theorem of Ax--Katz, as well as results of the author and C. S. Rajan. A…
We construct $13$ projective $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial Fano toric varieties and show that for any minimal rational elliptic surface $X$ there is one such toric variety $Z_X$ and a divisor class $δ_X\in {\rm Cl}(Z_X)$ such that the number of $(-1)$-curves of $X$ equals the dimension of the Riemann-Roch space of $δ_X$. As an application we give the number of $(-1)$-curves of any such elliptic fibration of Halphen index $2$.
Let $V_1$ be the Fano threefold given as a hypersurface of degree 6 in $P(1,1,1,2,3)$ (over a number field $K$). Then there exists a finite extension $K'/K$ such that the set of $K'$-rational points of $X$ is Zariski dense.
We show that on every elliptic K3 surface $X$ there are rational curves $(R_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}}$ such that $R_i^2 \to \infty$, i.e., of unbounded arithmetic genus. Moreover, we show that the union of the lifts of these curves to $\mathbb{P}(Ω_X)$ is dense in the Zariski topology. As an application we give a simple proof of a theorem of Kobayashi in the elliptic case, i.e., there are no globally defined symmetric differential forms.
This paper deals with a study of the rational elliptic surfaces whose $J$-invariant functions are of degree one. Almost all of these elliptic surfaces have four singular fibers, while the remaining surfaces have only three singular fibers. The moduli space of these elliptic surfaces is canonically isomorphic to the projective line by taking the $J$-values for a certain fixed type of singular fibers. Over the moduli space, we discuss our elliptic surfaces, and investigate how their sections are described by the parameter of the moduli space. By using a covering space of the moduli, we construct…
In this article, we study the geometry of plane curves obtained by three sections and another section given as their sum on certain rational elliptic surfaces. We make use of Mumford representations of semi-reduced divisors in order to study the geometry of sections. As a result, we are able to give new proofs for some classical results on singular plane quartics and their bitangent lines.
In this paper we complete the classification of the elliptic fibrations on K3 surfaces which admit a non-symplectic involution acting trivially on the Néron--Severi group. We use the geometric method introduced by Oguiso and moreover we provide a geometric construction of the fibrations classified. If the non-symplectic involution fixes at least one curve of genus 1, we relate all the elliptic fibrations on the K3 surface with either elliptic fibrations or generalized conic bundles on rational elliptic surfaces. This description allows us to write the Weierstrass equations of the elliptic fibr…
We show that the moduli space of rational elliptic surfaces admitting a section is locally a complex hyperbolic variety of dimension eight. We compare its Satake-Baily-Borel compactification with a compactification obtained by means of geometric invariant theory, considered by Miranda.
In this paper we want to study the non-Kodaira fibres in a smooth equidimensional elliptic threefold. If the morphism to the Weierstrass model of the fibration is crepant, then we can locate the non-Kodaira fibres and give a description of their structure. In particular, they lie over the singular points of the (reduced) discriminant of the fibration and are contraction of a Kodaira fibre, whose type can be predicted using Tate's algorithm.
We study the elliptic modular surface attached to the commutator subgroup of the modular group. This has an elliptic curve as base and only one singular fibre. We employ an algebraic approach and then consider some arithmetic questions.
A class of geometrically elliptic fibrations by plane projective quartic curves
本文研究特征2下算术亏格3、几何亏格1的非超椭圆曲线纤维化，在特定奇点假设下给出双有理等价的完整分类，证明其可被椭圆纤维化覆盖且覆盖映射具特定双有理与纯不可分性质。
Let $E$ be an elliptic surface over the curve $C$, defined over a number field $k$, let $P$ be a section of $E$, and let $\ell$ be a rational prime. For any non-singular fibre $E_t$, we bound the number of points $Q$ on $E_t$ of (algebraic) degree at most $D$ over $k$, such that $\ell^n Q=P_t$, for some $n\geq 1$. The bound obtained depends only on $\ell$, the surface and section in question, $D$, and the degree $[k(t):k]$; that is, it is uniform across all fibres of bounded degree. In special cases, we obtain more specific, in some instances sharp, bounds.
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