In this paper we study conditions under which a free minimal $\mz^d$-action on the Cantor set is a topological extension of the action of $d$ rotations, either on the product $\mt^d$ of $d$ 1-tori or on a single 1-torus $\mt^1$. We extend the notion of {\it linearly recurrent} systems defined for $\mz$-actions on the Cantor set to $\mz^d$-actions and we derive in this more general setting, a necessary and sufficient condition, which involves natural combinatorial data associated with the action, allowing the existence of a rotation topological factor of one these two types.
In this article we study the centralizer of a minimal aperiodic action of a countable group on the Cantor set (an aperiodic minimal Cantor system). We show that any countable residually finite group is the subgroup of the centralizer of some minimal $\mathbb Z$ action on the Cantor set, and that any countable group is the subgroup of the normalizer of a minimal aperiodic action of an abelian countable free group on the Cantor set. On the other hand we show that for any countable group $G$, the centralizer of any minimal aperiodic $G$-action on the Cantor set is a subgroup of the centralizer of…
Downarowicz and Maass (2008) have defined the topological rank for all Cantor minimal homeomorphisms. On the other hand, Gambaudo and Martens (2006) have expressed all Cantor minimal continuous surjections as the inverse limits of certain graph coverings. Using the aforementioned results, we previously extended the notion of topological rank to all Cantor minimal continuous surjections. In this paper, we show that taking natural extensions of Cantor minimal continuous surjections does not increase their topological ranks. Further, we apply the result to the minimal symbolic case.
We show that every (invertible, or noninvertible) minimal Cantor system embeds in $\mathbb{R}$ with vanishing derivative everywhere. We also study relations between local shrinking and periodic points.
We show that every minimal action of any finitely generated abelian group on the Cantor set is (topologically) orbit equivalent to an AF relation. As a consequence, this extends the classification up to orbit equivalence of minimal dynamical systems on the Cantor set to include AF relations and Z^d-actions.
We give some examples of IFSs with overlap on the interval such that the semigroup action they give rise to has a minimal set homeomorphic to the Cantor set.
In this article we give necessary and sufficient conditions that a complex number must satisfy to be a continuous eigenvalue of a minimal Cantor system. Similarly, for minimal Cantor systems of finite rank, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for having a measure theoretical eigenvalue. These conditions are established from the combinatorial information of the Bratteli-Vershik representations of such systems. As an application, from any minimal Cantor system, we construct a strong orbit equivalent system without irrational eigenvalues which shares all measure theoretical eigenvalues…
H. Lin and the author introduced the notion of approximate conjugacy of dynamical systems. In this paper, we will discuss the relationship between approximate conjugacy and full groups of Cantor minimal systems. An analogue of Glasner-Weiss's theorem will be shown. Approximate conjugacy of dynamical systems on the product of the Cantor set and the circle will also be studied.
In this text, we prove then that any minimal effective dynamical system on a Cantor set $\mathcal{A}^{\mathbb{N}}$ can be simulated by a minimal $\mathbb{Z}^3$-SFT, in a sense that we explicit here. This notion is a generalization of simulation by factor and sub-action defined by Hochman.
Giordano, Putnam and Skau showed that topological full groups of Cantor minimal systems are complete invariants for flip conjugacy. We will completely determine the structure of normal subgroups of the topological full group. Moreover, a necessary and sufficient condition for the topological full group to be finitely generated will be given.
To any continuous eigenvalue of a Cantor minimal system $(X,\,T)$, we associate an element of the dimension group $K^0(X,\,T)$ associated to $(X,\,T)$. We introduce and study the concept of irrational miscibility of a dimension group. The main property of these dimension groups is the absence of irrational values in the additive group of continuous spectrum of their realizations by Cantor minimal systems. The strong orbit equivalence (respectively orbit equivalence) class of a Cantor minimal system associated to an irrationally miscible dimension group $(G,\,u)$ (resp. with trivial infinitesim…
Let G be a finite abelian group. We will consider a skew product extension of a product of two Cantor minimal Z-systems associated with a G-valued cocycle. When G is non-cyclic and the cocycle is non-degenerate, it will be shown that the skew product system has torsion in its coinvariants.
In this paper we study speedups of dynamical systems in the topological category. Specifically, we characterize when one minimal homeomorphism on a Cantor space is the speedup of another. We go on to provide a characterization for strong speedups, i.e., when the jump function has at most one point of discontinuity. These results provide topological versions of the measure-theoretic results of Arnoux, Ornstein and Weiss, and are closely related to Giordano, Putnam and Skau's characterization of orbit equivalence for minimal Cantor systems.
This paper is devoted to the study of limit laws of entrance times to cylinder sets for Cantor minimal systems of zero entropy using their representation by means of ordered Bratteli diagrams. We study in detail substitution subshifts and we prove these limit laws are piecewise linear functions. The same kind of results is obtained for classical low complexity systems given by non stationary ordered Bratteli diagrams.
Downarowicz and Maass (2008) have shown that every Cantor minimal homeomorphism with finite topological rank $K > 1$ is expansive. Bezuglyi, Kwiatkowski and Medynets (2009) extended the result to non-minimal cases. On the other hand, Gambaudo and Martens (2006) had expressed all Cantor minimal continuou surjections as the inverse limit of graph coverings. In this paper, we define a topological rank for every Cantor minimal continuous surjection, and show that every Cantor minimal continuous surjection of finite topological rank has the natural extension that is expansive.
The conjugacy and flip conjugacy problem for Cantor minimal systems
Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)（墨西哥国立自治大学数学研究所）；Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków（雅盖隆大学数学与计算机科学系）；Department of Mathematics, Oregon State University（俄勒冈州立大学数学系）
本文证明 Cantor 极小系统的拓扑共轭与翻转共轭，以及图同态可归约和图同构，均为完全解析关系而非 Borel 关系。
A Cantor minimal system is of finite topological rank if it has a Bratteli-Vershik representation whose number of vertices per level is uniformly bounded. We prove that if the topological rank of a minimal dynamical system on a Cantor set is finite then all its minimal Cantor factors have finite topological rank as well. This gives an affirmative answer to a question posed by Donoso, Durand, Maass, and Petite.
Grigorchuk and Medynets recently announced that the topological full group of a minimal Cantor Z-action is amenable. They asked whether the statement holds for all minimal Cantor actions of general amenable groups as well. We answer in the negative by producing a minimal Cantor Z^2-action for which the topological full group contains a non-abelian free group.
We show that every minimal, free action of the group Z^2 on the Cantor set is orbit equivalent to an AF-relation. As a consequence, this extends the classification of minimal systems on the Cantor set up to orbit equivalence to include AF-relations, Z-actions and Z^2-actions.
Minimal Cantor systems of finite topological rank (that can be represented by a Bratteli-Vershik diagram with a uniformly bounded number of vertices per level) are known to have dynamical rigidity properties. We establish that such systems, when they are expansive, define the same class of systems, up to topological conjugacy, as primitive and recognizable ${\mathcal S}$-adic subshifts. This is done establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for a minimal subshift to be of finite topological rank. As an application, we show that minimal subshifts with non-superlinear complexity (like all…
We prove that any countable non-amenable group G admits a free minimal amenable purely infinite action on the non-compact Cantor set. This answers a question of Kellerhals, Monod and Rørdam.
In this paper, we analyze the complexity of topological conjugacy of pointed Cantor minimal systems from the point of view of descriptive set theory. We prove that the topological conjugacy relation on pointed Cantor minimal systems is Borel bireducible with the Borel equivalence relation $Δ_{\mathbb{R}}^+$ on $\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{N}}$ defined by $x Δ_{\mathbb{R}}^+ y \Leftrightarrow \{x_i:i \in \mathbb{N}\}=\{y_i:i \in \mathbb{N}\}$. Moreover, we show that $Δ_{\mathbb{R}}^+$ is a lower bound for the Borel complexity of topological conjugacy of Cantor minimal systems. Finally, we interpret our…
The AH conjecture relates the low-dimensional homology groups of a groupoid with the abelianization of its topological full group. We show that transformation groupoids of minimal actions of the infinite dihedral group on the Cantor set satisfy this conjecture. The proof uses Kakutani-Rokhlin partitions adapted to such systems.
We develop a technique, pseudo-suspension, that applies to invariant sets of homeomorphisms of a class of annulus homeomorphisms we describe, Handel-Anosov-Katok (HAK) homeomorphisms, that generalize the homeomorphism first described by Handel. Given a HAK homeomorphism and a homeomorphism of the Cantor set, the pseudo-suspension yields a homeomorphism of a new space that admits a homeomorphism that combines features of both of the original homeomorphisms. This allows us to answer a well known open question by providing examples of hereditarily indecomposable continua that admit homeomorphisms…
We introduce the fundamental group ${\mathcal F}(\mathcal{R}_{G, ϕ})$ of a uniquely ergodic Cantor minimal $G$-system $\mathcal{R}_{G, ϕ}$ where $G$ is a countable discrete group. We compute fundamental groups of several uniquely ergodic Cantor minimal $G$-systems. We show that if $\mathcal{R}_{G, ϕ}$ arises from a free action $ϕ$ of a finitely generated abelian group, then there exists a unital countable subring $R$ of $\mathbb{R}$ such that $\mathcal{F}(\mathcal{R}_{G, ϕ})=R_{+}^\times$. We also consider the relation between fundamental groups of uniquely ergodic Cantor minimal $\mathbb{Z}^n…
We prove that a `small' extension of a minimal AF equivalence relation on a Cantor set is orbit equivalent to the AF relation. By a `small' extension we mean an equivalence relation generated by the minimal AF equivalence relation and another AF equivalence relation which is defined on a closed thin subset. The result we obtain is a generalization of the main theorem in [GMPS2].
We prove that these Cantor sets are made up of transcendental numbers, apart from their endpoints $0$ and $1$, under some arithmetical assumptions on the data. To that purpose, we establish a criterion of linear independence over the field of algebraic numbers for the three numbers $1$, a characteristic Sturmian number, and an arbitrary Sturmian number with the same slope.
The discriminant group of a minimal equicontinuous action of a group $G$ on a Cantor set $X$ is the subgroup of the closure of the action in the group of homeomorphisms of $X$, consisting of homeomorphisms which fix a given point. The stabilizer and the centralizer groups associated to the action are obtained as direct limits of sequences of subgroups of the discriminant group with certain properties. Minimal equicontinuous group actions on Cantor sets admit a classification by the properties of the stabilizer and centralizer direct limit groups. In this paper, we construct new families of exa…
We prove that commutator subgroups of topological full groups arising from minimal subshifts have exponential growth. We also prove that the measurable full group associated to the countable, measure-preserving, ergodic and hyperfinite equivalence relation is topologically generated by two elements.
Floyd gave an example of a minimal dynamical system which was an extension of an odometer and the fibres of the associated factor map were either singletons or intervals. Gjerde and Johansen showed that the odometer could be replaced by any Cantor minimal system. Here, we show further that the intervals can be generalized to cubes of arbitrary dimension and to attractors of certain iterated function systems. We discuss applications.
Given a factor map $p : (X,T) \to (Y,S)$ of Cantor minimal systems, we study the relations between the dimension groups of the two systems. First, we interpret the torsion subgroup of the quotient of the dimension groups $K_0(X)/K_0(Y)$ in terms of intermediate extensions which are extensions of $(Y,S)$ by a compact abelian group. Then we show that, by contrast, the existence of an intermediate non-abelian finite group extension can produce a situation where the dimension group of $(Y,S)$ embeds into a proper subgroup of the dimension group of $(X,T)$, yet the quotient of the dimension groups …
Downarowicz and Maass (2008) proposed topological ranks for all homeomorphic Cantor minimal dynamical systems using properly ordered Bratteli diagrams. In this study, we adopt this definition to the case of all essentially minimal zero-dimensional systems. We consider the cases in which topological ranks are 2 and unique minimal sets are fixed points. Akin and Kolyada (2003), in their study of Li--Yorke sensitivity, showed that if the unique minimal set of an essentially minimal system is a fixed point, then the system must be proximal. However, a finite topological rank implies expansiveness;…
It is introduced an analogue of the orbit-breaking subalgebra for the case of free flows on locally compact metric spaces, which has a natural approximate structure in terms of a fixed point and any nested sequence of central slices around this point. It is shown that in the case of minimal flows admitting a compact Cantor central slice, the resulting $C^*$-algebra is the stabilization of the Putnam orbit-breaking subalgebra associated to the induced homeomorphism on the central slice.
A group action has essential holonomy if the set of points with non-trivial holonomy has positive measure. If such an action is topologically free, then having essential holonomy is equivalent to the action not being essentially free, which means that the set of points with non-trivial stabilizer has positive measure. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the property of having essential holonomy and structure of the acting group for minimal equicontinuous actions on Cantor sets. We show that if such a group action is locally quasi-analytic and has essential holonomy, then every c…
Each topological group $G$ admits a unique universal minimal dynamical system $(M(G),G)$. When $G$ is a non-compact locally compact group the phase space $M(G)$ of this universal system is non-metrizable. There are however topological groups for which $M(G)$ is the trivial one point system (extremely amenable groups), as well as topological groups $G$ for which $M(G)$ is a metrizable space and for which there is an explicit description of the dynamical system $(M(G),G)$. One such group is the topological group $S_\infty$ of all permutations of the integers ${\mathbb Z}$, with the topology of p…
A nilpotent Cantor action is a minimal equicontinuous action $Φ\colon Γ\times \frak{X} \to \frak{X}$ on a Cantor set $\frak{X}$, where $Γ$ contains a finitely-generated nilpotent subgroup $Γ_0 \subset Γ$ of finite index. In this note, we show that these actions are distinguished among general Cantor actions: any effective action of a finitely generated group on a Cantor space, which is continuously orbit equivalent to a nilpotent Cantor action, must itself be a nilpotent Cantor action. As an application of this result, we obtain new invariants of nilpotent Cantor actions under continuous orbit…
In the paper, we consider the full group $[ϕ]$ and topological full group $[[ϕ]]$ of a Cantor minimal system $(X,\f)$. We prove that the commutator subgroups $D([\f])$ and $D([[\f]])$ are simple and show that the groups $D([\f])$ and $D([[\f]])$ completely determine the class of orbit equivalence and flip conjugacy of $\f$, respectively. These results improve the classification found in \cite{gps:1999}. As a corollary of the technique used, we establish the fact that $\f$ can be written as a product of three involutions from $[\f]$.
We study homeomorphisms of a Cantor set with $k$ ($k < +\infty$) minimal invariant closed (but not open) subsets; we also study crossed product C*-algebras associated to these Cantor systems and their certain orbit-cut sub-C*-algebras. In the case that $k\geq 2$, the crossed product C*-algebra is stably finite, has stable rank 2, and has real rank zero if in addition $(X, σ)$ is aperiodic. The image of the index map is connected to certain directed graphs arising from the Bratteli-Vershik-Kakutani model of the Cantor system. Using this, it is shown that the ideal of the Bratteli diagram (of th…
We study amenable minimal Cantor systems of free groups arising from the diagonal actions of the boundary actions and certain Cantor systems. It is shown that every virtually free group admits continuously many amenable minimal Cantor systems whose crossed products are mutually non-isomorphic Kirchberg algebras in the UCT class (with explicitly determined K-theory). The technique developed in our study also enables us to compute the K-theory of certain amenable minimal Cantor systems. We apply it to the diagonal actions of the boundary actions and the products of the odometer transformations, …
Let $Homeo(Ω)$ be the group of all homeomorphisms of a Cantor set $Ω$. We study topological properties of $Homeo(Ω)$ and its subsets with respect to the uniform $(τ)$ and weak $(τ_w)$ topologies. The classes of odometers and periodic, aperiodic, minimal, rank 1 homeomorphisms are considered and the closures of those classes in $τ$ and $τ_w$ are found.
We consider a minimal equicontinuous action of a finitely generated group $G$ on a Cantor set $X$ with invariant probability measure $μ$, and stabilizers of points for such an action. We give sufficient conditions under which there exists a subgroup $H$ of $G$ such that the set of points in $X$ whose stabilizers are conjugate to $H$ has full measure. The conditions are that the action is locally quasi-analytic and locally non-degenerate. An action is locally quasi-analytic if its elements have unique extensions on subsets of uniform diameter. The condition that the action is locally non-degene…
The purpose of this note is twofold. In the first part we observe that two finitely generated non-amenable groups are quasi-isometric if and only if they admit topologically orbit equivalent Cantor minimal actions. In particular, free groups if different rank admit topologically orbit equivalent Cantor minimal actions unlike in the measurable setting. In the second part we introduce the measured orbit equivalence category of a Cantor minimal system and construct (in certain cases) a representation of this category on the category of finite-dimensional vector spaces. This gives rise to novel fu…
In this note we consider dynamical systems $(X,G)$ on a Cantor set $X$ satisfying some mild technical conditions. The considered class includes, in particular, minimal and transitive aperiodic systems. We prove that two such systems $(X_1,G_1)$ and $(X_2,G_2)$ are orbit equivalent if and only if their full groups are isomorphic as abstract groups. This result is a topological version of the well-known Dye's theorem established originally for ergodic measure-preserving actions.
We consider the outer billiards map with contraction outside polygons. We construct a 1-parameter family of systems such that each system has an open set in which the dynamics is reduced to that of a piecewise contraction on the interval. Using the theory of rotation numbers, we deduce that every point inside the open set is asymptotic to either a single periodic orbit (rational case) or a Cantor set (irrational case). In particular, we deduce existence of an attracting Cantor set for certain parameter values. Moreover, for a different choice of a 1-parameter family, we prove that the system i…
Bounded orbit injection equivalence is an equivalence relation defined on minimal free Cantor systems which is a candidate to generalize flip Kakutani equivalence to actions of the Abelian free groups on more than one generator. This paper characterizes bounded orbit injection equivalence in terms of a mild strengthening of Rieffel-Morita equivalence of the associated C*-crossed-product algebras. Moreover, we construct an ordered group which is an invariant for bounded orbit injection equivalence, and does not agrees with the K\_0 group of the associated C*-crossed-product in general. This new…
Let β: S^n \to S^n, for n = 2k + 1, k \geq 1, be one of the known examples of a non-uniquely ergodic minimal diffeomorphism of an odd dimensional sphere. For every such minimal dynamical system (S^n, β) there is a Cantor minimal system (X, α) such that the corresponding product system (X x S^n, αx β) is minimal and the resulting crossed product C*-algebra C(X x S^n) \rtimes_{αx β} \mathbb{Z} is tracially approximately an interval algebra (TAI). This entails classification for such C*-algebras. Moreover, the minimal Cantor system (X, α) is such that each tracial state on C(X x S^n) \rtimes_β \m…
For the free group $F_2$ acting in $S^{1}$, we will prove that if the minimal set for the action is not a Cantor set, then the action does not have the shadowing property. We will also construct an example, whose minimal set is a Cantor set, that it has the shadowing property.
A category structure for ordered Bratteli diagrams is proposed in which isomorphism coincides with the notion of equivalence of Herman, Putnam, and Skau. It is shown that the natural one-to-one correspondence between the category of Cantor minimal systems and the category of simple properly ordered Bratteli diagrams is in fact an equivalence of categories. This gives a Bratteli-Vershik model for factor maps between Cantor minimal systems. We give a construction of factor maps between Cantor minimal systems in terms of suitable maps (called premorphisms) between the corresponding ordered Bratte…
We show that for a minimal, second countable, locally compact Hausdorff étale groupoid whose unit space is homeomorphic to the Cantor set, if the groupoid has comparison then the commutator subgroup of its full group is simple. This generalizes a result of Bezuglyi and Medynets for Cantor minimal systems and complements Matui's results for topological full groups.
We study the space of continuous $Z^d$-actions on the Cantor set, particularly questions on the existence and nature of actions whose isomorphism class is dense (Rohlin's property). Kechris and Rosendal showed that for $d=1$ there is an action on the Cantor set whose isomorphism class is residual. We prove in contrast that for $\geq 2$ every isomorphism class is meager; on the other hand, while generically an action has dense isomorphism class and the effective actions are dense, no effective action has dense isomorphism class. Thus for $d \geq 2$ conjugation on the space of actions is topolog…
A Cantor action is a minimal equicontinuous action of a countably generated group G on a Cantor space X. Such actions are also called generalized odometers in the literature. In this work, we introduce two new conjugacy invariants for Cantor actions, the stabilizer limit group and the centralizer limit group. An action is wild if the stabilizer limit group is an increasing sequence of stabilizer groups without bound, and otherwise is said to be stable if this group chain is bounded. For Cantor actions by a finitely generated group G, we prove that stable actions satisfy a rigidity principle, a…
We construct logistic maps whose restriction to the omega-limit set of its critical point is a minimal Cantor system having a prescribed number of distinct ergodic and invariant probability measures. In fact, we show that every metrizable Choquet simplex whose set of extreme points is compact and totally disconnected can be realized as the set of invariant probability measures of a minimal Cantor system corresponding to the restriction of a logistic map to the omega-limit set of its critical point. Furthermore, we show that such a logistic map $f$ can be taken so that each such invariant measu…
