Shouchuan Zhang, Yao-Zhong Zhang, Xijing Guo
Most of pointed Hopf algebras of dimension $p^m$ with large coradical are shown to be generalized path algebras. By the theory of generalized path algebras it is obtained that the representations, homological dimensions and radicals of these Hopf algebras. The relations between the radicals of path algebras and connectivity of directed graphs are given.
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In this paper we classify the finite-dimensional pointed rank one Hopf algebras which are generated as algebras by the first element of the coradical filtration over a field of prime characteristic.
Let $H$ be a pointed Hopf algebra. We show that under some mild assumptions $H$ and its associated graded Hopf algebra $\gr H$ have the same Gelfand-Kirillov dimension. As an application, we prove that the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of a connected Hopf algebra is either infinity or a positive integer. We also classify connected Hopf algebras of GK-dimension three over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.
Let $p$ be a prime. We complete the classification on pointed Hopf algebras of dimension $p^2$ over an algebraically closed field $k$. When $\text{char}k \neq p$, our result is the same as the well-known result for $\text{char}k=0$. When $\text{char}k=p$, we obtain 14 types of pointed Hopf algebras of dimension $p^2$, including a unique noncommutative and noncocommutative type.
We classify pointed $p^3$-dimensional Hopf algebras $H$ over any algebraically closed field $k$ of prime characteristic $p>0$. In particular, we focus on the cases when the group $G(H)$ of group-like elements is of order $p$ or $p^2$, that is, when $H$ is pointed but is not connected nor a group algebra. This work provides many new examples of (parametrized) non-commutative and non-cocommutative finite-dimensional Hopf algebras in positive characteristic.
We survey a vast array of known results and techniques in the area of polynomial identities in pointed Hopf algebras. Some new results are proven in the setting of Hopf algebras that appeared in papers of D. Radford and N. Andruskiewitsch - H.-J. Schneider.
We study the representations of two types of pointed Hopf algebras: restricted two-parameter quantum groups, and the Drinfel'd doubles of rank one pointed Hopf algebras of nilpotent type. We study, in particular, under what conditions a simple module can be factored as the tensor product of a one dimensional module with a module that is naturally a module for the quotient by central group-like elements.
We describe all finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras whose infinitesimal braiding is a fixed Yetter-Drinfeld module decomposed as the sum of two simple objects: a point and the one of transpositions of the symmetric group in three letters. We give a presentation by generators and relations of the corresponding Nichols algebra and show that Andruskiewitsch-Schneider Conjecture holds for this kind of pointed Hopf algebras.
Every finite dimensional Hopf algebra is a Frobenius algebra, with Frobenius homomorphism given by an integral. The Nakayama automorphism determined by it yields a decomposition with degrees in a cyclic group. For a family of pointed Hopf algebras, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for this decomposition to be strongly graded.
A certain class of rank two pointed Hopf algebras is considered. The simple modules of their Drinfel'd double is described using Radford's method \cite{rad}. The socle of the tensor product of two such modules is computed and a formula similar to the one in \cite{one} is obtained in some conditions. Cases when such a tensor product is completely irreducible are also given in the last section.
This article serves a two-fold purpose. On the one hand, it is a survey about the classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with abelian coradical, whose final step is the computation of the liftings or deformations of graded Hopf algebras. On the other, we present a step-by-step guide to carry out the strategy developed to construct the liftings. As an example, we conclude the work with the classification of pointed Hopf algebras of type $B_2$.
We show that any finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra over an abelian group $Γ$ such that its infinitesimal braiding is of standard type is generated by group-like and skew-primitive elements. This fact agrees with the long-standing conjecture by Andruskiewitsch and Schneider. We also show that the quantum Serre relations hold in any coradically graded pointed Hopf algebra over $Γ$ of finite dimension and determine how these relations are lifted in the standard case.
We study the pointed or copointed liftings of Nichols algebras associated to affine racks and constant cocycles for any finite group admitting a principal YD-realization of these racks. In the copointed case we complete the classification for the six affine racks whose Nichols algebra is known to be of finite dimension. In the pointed case our method allows us to finish four of them. In all of the cases the Hopf algebras obtained turn out to be cocycle deformations of their associated graded Hopf algebras. All of them are new examples of finite-dimensional copointed or pointed Hopf algebras ov…
We examine actions of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras on central simple division algebras in characteristic 0. (By a Hopf action we mean a Hopf module algebra structure.) In all examples considered, we show that the given Hopf algebra does admit a faithful action on a central simple division algebra, and we construct such a division algebra. This is in contrast to earlier work of Etingof and Walton, in which it was shown that most pointed Hopf algebras do not admit faithful actions on fields. We consider all bosonizations of Nichols algebras of finite Cartan type, small quantum groups…
We develop some techniques to the study of exact module categories over some families of pointed finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. As an application we classify exact module categories over the tensor category of representations of the small quantum groups $u_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$.
We classify pointed Hopf algebras of discrete corepresentation type over an algebraically closed field K with characteristic zero. For such algebras $H$, we explicitly determine the algebra structure up to isomorphism for the link indecomposable component $B$ containing the unit. It turns out that $H$ is a crossed product of $B$ and a certain group algebra.
We show that all finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with the same diagram in the classification scheme of Andruskiewitsch and Schneider are cocycle deformations of each other. This is done by giving first a suitable characterization of such Hopf algebras, which allows for the application of a result of Masuoka about Morita-Takeuchi equivalence and of Schauenburg about Hopf Galois extensions. The "infinitesimal" part of the deforming cocycle and of the deformation determine the deformed multiplication and can be described explicitly in terms of Hochschild cohomology. Applications to, and …
We prove finite generation of the cohomology ring of any finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebra, having abelian group of grouplike elements, under some mild restrictions on the group order. The proof uses the recent classification by Andruskiewitsch and Schneider of such Hopf algebras. Examples include all of Lusztig's small quantum groups, whose cohomology was first computed explicitly by Ginzburg and Kumar, as well as many new pointed Hopf algebras. We also show that in general the cohomology ring of a Hopf algebra in a braided category is braided commutative. As a consequence we obtain som…
This paper studies the duals of some finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras, with abelian group of grouplikes, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, which are either Radford biproducts or else nontrivial liftings of a biproduct.
On $4n$-dimensional neither pointed nor semisimple Hopf algebras and the associated weak Hopf algebras
本文研究了 $4n$ 维非指针非半单霍普夫代数及其相关弱霍普夫代数的结构，揭示了其准三角性、 $R$-矩阵描述及绿色环的非可交换性。
We introduce the concept of a covering of a graded pointed Hopf algebra. The theory developed shows that coverings of a bosonized Nichols algebra can be concretely expressed by biproducts using a quotient of the universal coalgebra covering group of the Nichols algebra. If there are enough quadratic relations, the universal coalgebra covering is given by the bosonization by the enveloping group of the underlying rack.
We investigate the representation theory of a large class of pointed Hopf algebras, extending results of Lusztig and others. We classify all simple modules in a suitable category and determine the weight multiplicities; we establish a complete reducibility theorem in this category.
We study actions of pointed Hopf algebras in the $\ZZ$-graded setting. Our main result classifies inner-faithful actions of generalized Taft algebras on quantum generalized Weyl algebras which respect the $\ZZ$-grading. We also show that generically the invariant rings of Taft actions on quantum generalized Weyl algebras are commutative Kleinian singularities.
This is a continuation of the authors' study of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras H which act inner faithfully on commutative domains. As mentioned in Part I of this work, the study boils down to the case where H acts inner faithfully on a field. These Hopf algebras are referred to as Galois-theoretical. In this work, we provide classification results for finite-dimensional pointed Galois-theoretical Hopf algebras H of finite Cartan type. Namely, we determine when such H of type A_1^{\times r} and some H of rank two possess the Galois-theoretical property. Moreover, we provide necessary…
A decomposition Theorem for pointed braided Hopf algebras
本文推广了带点辫子Hopf代数的分解定理，证明在底层普通Hopf代数余半单时，其张量积分解与Yetter-Drinfeld范畴的余模结构相容。
Pointed Hopf algebras of odd dimension and Nichols algebras over solvable groups
本研究采用约化到正特征等方法，分类特征0下有限可解群上带不可分解支集的有限维Nichols代数，进而得出奇数阶群上Nichols代数均为对角型，完成所有奇数维点Hopf代数的刻画。
We classify exact indecomposable module categories over the representation category of all non-trivial Hopf algebras with coradical S_3 and S_4. As a byproduct, we compute all its Hopf-Galois extensions and we show that these Hopf algebras are cocycle deformations of their graded versions.
We give explicit formulas for maps in a long exact sequence connecting bialgebra cohomology to Hochschild cohomology. We give a sufficient condition for the connecting homomorphism to be surjective. We apply these results to compute all bialgebra two-cocycles of certain Radford biproducts (bosonizations). These two-cocycles are precisely those associated to the finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras in the recent classification of Andruskiewitsch and Schneider, in an interpretation of these Hopf algebras as graded bialgebra deformations of Radford biproducts.
Pointed Hopf algebras revisited, with a view from tensor categories
本文综述了复数域上有限维尖点Hopf代数的分类进展，重点介绍了提升方法及相关工具，并从张量范畴视角给出了更清晰的描述。
In this paper we investigate pointed Hopf algebras via quiver methods. We classify all possible Hopf structures arising from minimal Hopf quivers, namely basic cycles and the linear chain. This provides full local structure information for general pointed Hopf algebras.
Noetherian pointed Hopf algebras are affine
该研究引入词上的约化序与约化因子分解概念，证明域上右或左诺特有点Hopf代数是仿射的，部分回应了Wu和Zhang提出的诺特Hopf代数仿射性经典问题。
Let $k$ be a field and let $H$ denote a pointed Hopf $k$-algebra with antipode $S$. We are interested in determining the order of $S$. Building on the work done by Taft and Wilson $[7]$, we define an invariant for $H$, denoted $m_{H}$, and prove that the value of this invariant is connected to the order of $S$. In the case where $\operatorname{char}k=0$, it is shown that if $S$ has finite order then it is either the identity or has order $2m_{H}$. If in addition $H$ is assumed to be coradically graded, it is shown that the order of $S$ is finite if and only if $m_{H}$ is finite. We also consid…
We present new examples of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras over fields of positive characteristic. The corresponding braided vector spaces are not of diagonal type, admit a realization as Yetter-Drinfeld modules over finite abelian groups and are analogous to braidings over fields of characteristic zero whose Nichols algebras have finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension described in arXiv:1606.02521. We obtain nex examples of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras by bosonization with group algebras of suitable finite abelian groups.
Actions of semisimple Hopf algebras H over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero on commutative domains were classified recently by the authors. The answer turns out to be very simple- if the action is inner faithful, then H has to be a group algebra. The present article contributes to the non-semisimple case, which is much more complicated. Namely, we study actions of finite dimensional (not necessarily semisimple) Hopf algebras on commutative domains, particularly when H is pointed of finite Cartan type. The work begins by reducing to the case where H acts inner faithfully on …
In this paper, we prove that a non-semisimple Hopf algebra H of dimension 4p with p an odd prime over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is pointed provided H contains more than two group-like elements. In particular, we prove that non-semisimple Hopf algebras of dimensions 20, 28 and 44 are pointed or their duals are pointed, and this completes the classification of Hopf algebras in these dimensions.
In this paper, we present an approach to the definition of multiparameter quantum groups by studying Hopf algebras with triangular decomposition. Classifying all of these Hopf algebras which are of what we call weakly separable type over a group, we obtain a class of pointed Hopf algebras which can be viewed as natural generalizations of multiparameter deformations of universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras. These Hopf algebras are instances of a new version of braided Drinfeld doubles, which we call asymmetric braided Drinfeld doubles. This is a generalization of an earlier result by Be…
On partial representations of pointed Hopf algebras
本文研究尖点Hopf代数的部分表示，证明当H的类群元素构成有限群G时，部分表示对应的Hopf algebroid H_par可分解为由G确定的groupoid分量索引的单位理想直和。
We classify Hopf actions of Taft algebras T(n) on path algebras of quivers, in the setting where the quiver is loopless, finite, and Schurian. As a corollary, we see that every quiver admitting a faithful Z_n-action (by directed graph automorphisms) also admits inner faithful actions of a Taft algebra. Several examples for actions of the Sweedler algebra T(2) and for actions of T(3) are presented in detail. We then extend the results on Taft algebra actions on path algebras to actions of the Frobenius-Lusztig kernel u_q(sl_2), and to actions of the Drinfeld double of T(n).
Primitive cohomology of a Hopf algebra is defined by using a modification of the cobar construction of the underlying coalgebra. Among many of its applications, two classifications are presented. Firstly we classify all non locally PI, pointed Hopf algebra domains of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension two; and secondly we classify all pointed Hopf algebras of rank one. The first classification extends some results of Brown, Goodearl and others in an ongoing project to understand all Hopf algebras of low Gelfand-Kirillov dimension. The second generalizes results of Krop-Radford and Wang-You-Chen which …
Pointed Hopf algebra (co)actions on rational functions
本文提出通过代数同态构造作用于给定代数的Hopf代数的方法，可控制作用限制、点Hopf代数性质及$*$-结构相容性，并将其应用于有理函数域，得到可延拓到有理函数的尖点量子齐性空间结构。
On Noetherian pointed Hopf algebras
本文针对点态霍普夫代数相关猜想，提出多循环-有限群上后Nichols代数的诺特性等价于仿射性与有限Gelfand-Kirillov维数，并给出部分支持结果及相关分析。
Let $H$ be a finite dimensional pointed rank one Hopf algebra of nilpotent type. We first determine all finite dimensional indecomposable $H$-modules up to isomorphism, and then establish the Clebsch-Gordan formulas for the decompositions of the tensor products of indecomposable $H$-modules by virtue of almost split sequences. The Green ring $r(H)$ of $H$ will be presented in terms of generators and relations. It turns out that the Green ring $r(H)$ is commutative and is generated by one variable over the Grothendieck ring $G_0(H)$ of $H$ modulo one relation. Moreover, $r(H)$ is Frobenius and …
In 1999, Y. Kashina introduced the exponent of a Hopf algebra. In this paper, we prove that the exponent of a finite dimensional non-cosemisimple Hopf algebra with Chevalley property in characteristic 0 is infinite, and the exponent of a finite dimensional non-cosemisimple pointed Hopf algebra in positive characteristic is finite.
Pointed Hopf algebras, the Dixmier-Moeglin Equivalence and Noetherian group algebras
本文研究群代数及尖点Hopf代数的诺特性、有限Gelfand-Kirillov维数与Dixmier-Moeglin等价性之间的等价关系，并探讨群代数的有限性条件及一个相关猜想的最小反例。
Coideal subalgebras of pointed and connected Hopf algebras
本文证明了在温和条件下，尖点Hopf代数及其连通分次版本中的余理想子代数具有PBW基结构，并借助Lyndon词和辫子换位子的组合方法构造性地建立了齐次余理想子代数对的结构定理。
Let $H$ be a pointed Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. If $H$ is a domain with finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension greater than or equal to two, then $H$ contains a Hopf subalgebra of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension two.
Two-dimensional integrable differential calculi for classes of Ore extensions of the polynomial ring and the Laurent polynomial ring in one variable are constructed. Thus it is concluded that all affine pointed Hopf domains of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension two which are not polynomial identity rings are differentially smooth.
We introduce and study new families of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras with the Chevalley property that are not pointed nor semisimple arising as twistings of quantum linear spaces. These Hopf algebras generalize the examples introduced in [AEG], [EG1], [EG2].
We complete the classification of Hopf algebras of dimension 16 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We show that a non-semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension 16, has either the Chevalley property or its dual is pointed.
In this paper, we study pointed rank one Hopf algebras and Hopf-Ore extensions of group algebras, over an arbitrary field $k$. It is proved that the rank of a Hopf-Ore extension of a group algebra is one or two or infinite. It is also shown that an arbitrary (finite or infinite dimensional) pointed Hopf algebra of rank one is isomorphic to a quotient of a Hopf-Ore extension of its coradical, a group algebra. We classify the finite dimensional simple modules and describe a family of indecomposable modules over a Hopf-Ore extension $H=kG(χ, a,δ)$ and its quotient $H'$ of rank one, where $χ(a)\ne…
The classification of affine prime regular Hopf algebras of GK-dimension one is completed. As consequences, 1) we give a negative answer to an open question posed by Brown-Zhang and 2) we show that there do exist prime regular Hopf algebras of GK-dimension one which are not pointed.
We prove the existence of a basis of Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt type for braided Hopf algebras R generated by a braided subspace V of P(R) if the braiding on V fulfils a triangularity condition. We apply our result to pointed Hopf algebras with abelian coradical and to Nichols algebras of low dimensional simple U_q(sl_2) modules.
The celebrated Milnor-Moore theorem and the more general Cartier-Kostant-Milnor-Moore theorem establish close relationships of a connected and a pointed cocommutative Hopf algebra with its Lie algebra of primitive elements and its group of group-like elements. Crossed homomorphisms for Lie algebras, groups and Hopf algebras have been studied extensively, first from a cohomological perspective and then more broadly, with an important case given by difference operators. This paper shows that the relationship among the different algebraic structures captured in the Milnor-Moore theorem can be str…
This paper is devoted to the study of the quasitriangularity of Hopf algebras via Hopf quiver approaches. We give a combinatorial description of the Hopf quivers whose path coalgebras give rise to coquasitriangular Hopf algebras. With a help of the quiver setting, we study general coquasitriangular pointed Hopf algebras and obtain a complete classification of the finite-dimensional ones over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0.
Since the discovery of quantum groups (Drinfeld, Jimbo) and finite dimensional variations thereof (Lusztig, Manin), these objects were studied from different points of view and had many applications. The present paper is part of a series where we intend to show that important classes of Hopf algebras are quantum groups and therefore belong to Lie theory. One of our main results is the explicit construction of a general family of pointed Hopf algebras from Dynkin diagrams. All the Frobenius-Lusztig kernels and their parabolic subalgebras belong to this family, but in addition we get many new ex…
On the Classification of Finite Quasi-Quantum Groups over Abelian Groups
本研究利用有限维拟Hopf代数理论方法，完成阿贝尔群上有限维余根分次点余拟Hopf代数的分类，部分证实了点有限张量范畴生成猜想。
The representations of the pointed Hopf algebras $U$ and $\su$ are described, where $U$ and $\su$ can be regarded as deformations of the usual quantized enveloping algebras $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}(3))$ and the small quantum groups respectively. It is illustrated that these representations have a close connection with those of the quantized enveloping algebras $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}(2))$ and those of the half quantum groups of $\mathfrak{sl}(3)$.
For a Poisson algebra $A$, by exploring its relation with Lie-Rinehart algebras, we prove a Poincaré-Birkoff-Witt theorem for its universal enveloping algebra $A^e$. Some general properties of the universal enveloping algebras of Poisson Hopf algebras are studied. Given a Poisson Hopf algebra $B$, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for a Poisson polynomial algebra $B[x; α, δ]_p$ to be a Poisson Hopf algebra. We also prove a structure theorem for $B^e$ when $B$ is a pointed Poisson Hopf algebra. Namely, $B^e$ is isomorphic to $B#_σ\mathcal{H}(B)$, the crossed product of $B$ and $\m…
Andruskiewitsch and Schneider classify a large class of pointed Hopf algebras with abelian coradical. The quantum double of each such Hopf algebra is investigated. The quantum doubles of a family of Hopf algebras from the above classification are ribbon Hopf algebras.
In previous work, Eli Aljadeff and the first-named author attached an algebra B_H of rational fractions to each Hopf algebra H. The generalized Noether problem is the following: for which finite-dimensional Hopf algebra H is B_H the localization of a polynomial algebra? A positive answer to this question when H is the algebra of functions on a finite group implies a positive answer for the classical Noether problem for the group. We show that the generalized Noether problem has a positive answer for all pointed finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over a field of characteristic zero. We actually g…
Let H be a non-semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension 2p^2 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, where p is an odd prime. We prove that H or H^* is pointed, which completes the classification for Hopf algebras of these dimensions.
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