Let A and B be $C^*$-algebras, A separable, and B $σ$-unital and stable. It is shown that there are natural isomorphisms $E(A,B)=KK(SA,Q(B))=[SA,Q(B)\otimes K]$, where $SA=C_0(0,1)\otimes A$, $[\cdot,\cdot]$ denotes the set of homotopy classes of *-homomorphisms, $Q(B) = M(B)/B$ is the generalized Calkin algebra and K denotes the $C^*$-algebra of compact operators.
A well-known theorem of Blackadar and Handelman states that every unital stably finite C*-algebra has a bounded quasitrace. Rather strong generalizations of stable finiteness to the non-unital case can be obtained by either requiring the multiplier algebra to be stably finite, or alternatively requiring it to be at least stably not properly infinite. This paper deals with the question whether the Blackadar-Handelman result can be extended to the non-unital case with respect to these generalizations of stable finiteness. For suitably well-behaved C*-algebras there is a positive result, but none…
In an attempt to propose more general conditions for decoherence to occur, we study spectral and ergodic properties of unital, completely positive maps on not necessarily unital $C^*$-algebras, with a particular focus on gapped maps for which the transient portion of the arising dynamical system can be separated from the persistent one. After some general results, we first devote our attention to the abelian case by investigating the unital $*$-endomorphisms of, in general non-unital, $C^*$-algebras, and their spectral structure. The finite dimensional case is also investigated in detail, and …
We continue previous work on Voiculescu's topological free entropy dimension δ_{top}. We introduce the notions of MF-trace, MF-ideal, and MF-nuclearity and use these concepts to obtain upper and lower bounds for δ_{top}, and in many cases we obtain an exact formula for δ_{top}. We also discuss semicontinuity properties of δ_{top}.
A fundamental tool in noncommutative geometry is Connes' character formula. This formula is used in an essential way in the applications of noncommutative geometry to index theory and to the spectral characterisation of manifolds. A non-compact space is modelled in noncommutative geometry by a non-unital spectral triple. Our aim is to establish the Connes character formula for non-unital spectral triples. This is significantly more difficult than in the unital case and we achieve it with the use of recently developed double operator integration techniques. Previously, only partial extensions o…
Following Elliott's earlier work, we show that the Elliott invariant of any finite separable simple $C^*$-algebra with finite nuclear dimension can always be described as a scaled simple ordered group pairing together with a countable abelian group which unifies the unital and nonunital, as well as stably projectionless cases. We also show that, for any given such invariant set, there is a finite separable simple $C^*$-algebra, whose Elliott invariant is the given set, a refinement of the range theorem of Elliott in the stable case. In the stably projectionless case, modified model $C^*$-algeb…
Let B be a sigma-unital C*-algebra. We show that every strongly continuous E_0-semigroup on the algebra of adjointable operators on a full Hilbert B-module E gives rise to a full continuous product system of correspondences over B. We show that every full continuous product system of correspondences over B arises in that way. If the product system is countably generated, then E can be chosen countable generated, and if E is countably generated, then so is the product system. We show that under these countability hypotheses there is a one-to-one correspondence between E_0-semigroup up to stable…
The Bures metric and the quantum metric on the density space of a C*-algebra: the non-unital case
Pomona College(波莫纳学院);The University of Southern Denmark(南丹麦大学);Norwegian National Security Authority (NSM)(挪威国家安全局);University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学);Harvey Mudd College(哈维穆德学院)
We generalize the classification result of Restorff on Cuntz-Krieger algebras to cover all unital graph C*-algebras with real rank zero, showing that Morita equivalence in this case is determined by ordered, filtered K-theory as conjectured by three of the authors. The classification result is geometric in the sense that it establishes that any Morita equivalence between C*(E) and C*(F) in this class can be realized by a sequence of moves leading from E to F in a way resembling the role of Reidemeister moves on knots. As a key technical step, we prove that the so-called Cuntz splice leaves uni…
We provide a complete classification of the class of unital graph $C^*$-algebras - prominently containing the full family of Cuntz-Krieger algebras - showing that Morita equivalence in this case is determined by ordered, filtered $K$-theory. The classification result is geometric in the sense that it establishes that any Morita equivalence between $C^*(E)$ and $C^*(F)$ in this class can be realized by a sequence of moves leading from $E$ to $F$, in a way resembling the role of Reidemeister moves on knots. As a key ingredient, we introduce a new class of such moves, establish that they leave th…
We revisit the characterisation of modules over non-unital $C^*$-algebras analogous to modules of sections of vector bundles. A fullness condition on the associated multiplier module characterises a class of modules which closely mirror the commutative case. We also investigate the multiplier-module construction in the context of bi-Hilbertian bimodules, particularly those of finite numerical index and finite Watatani index.
The study of open quantum systems relies on the notion of unital completely positive semigroups on $C^*$-algebras representing physical systems. The natural generalisation would be to consider the unital completely positive semigroups on operator systems. We show that any continuous unital completely positive semigroup on matricial system can be extended to a semigroup on a finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebra, which is an injective envelope of the matricial system. In case the semigroup is invertible, this extension is unique.
In this note we show that every Kirchberg algebra in the UCT class is the $C^{\ast}$-algebra of a Hausdorff, ample, amenable and locally contracting groupoid. The non-unital case follows from Spielberg's graph-based models for Kirchberg algebras. Our contribution is the unital case and our proof builds on Spielberg's construction.
Texas Christian University(德克萨斯基督教大学);University of Southern Denmark(南丹麦大学);University of Nebraska-Lincoln(内布拉斯加大学林肯分校);University of Ottawa(渥太华大学);University of Oxford(牛津大学)
In 1976, D. Voiculescu proved that every separable unital sub-C*-algebra of the Calkin algebra is equal to its (relative) bicommutant. In his minicourse (see reference), G. Pedersen asked in 1988 if Voiculescu's theorem can be extended to a simple corona algebra of a $σ$-unital C*-algebra. In this note, we answer Pedersen's question for a stable $σ$-unital C*-algebra.
We prove that if A is a σ-unital exact C*-algebra of real rank zero, then every state on K_0(A) is induced by a 2-quasitrace on A. This yields a generalisation of Rainone's work on pure infiniteness and stable finiteness of crossed products to the non-unital case. It also applies to k-graph algebras associated to row-finite k-graphs with no sources. We show that for any k-graph whose C*-algebra is unital and simple, either every twisted C*-algebra associated to that k-graph is stably finite, or every twisted C*-algebra associated to that k-graph is purely infinite. Finally we provide sufficien…
We introduce the concept of finitely coloured equivalence for unital *-homomorphisms between C*-algebras, for which unitary equivalence is the 1-coloured case. We use this notion to classify *-homomorphisms from separable, unital, nuclear C*-algebras into ultrapowers of simple, unital, nuclear, Z-stable C*-algebras with compact extremal trace space up to 2-coloured equivalence by their behaviour on traces; this is based on a 1-coloured classification theorem for certain order zero maps, also in terms of tracial data. As an application we calculate the nuclear dimension of non-AF, simple, separ…
This paper is, in a first stage, devoted to establish a topological--algebraic characterization of the principal component, $\mathcal{U}^0 (M)$, of the set of unitary elements, $\mathcal{U} (M)$, in a unital JB$^*$-algebra $M$. We arrive to the conclusion that, as in the case of unital C$^*$-algebras, $$\begin{aligned}\mathcal{U}^0(M) &= M^{-1}_{\textbf{1}}\cap\mathcal{U} (M) =\left\lbrace U_{e^{i h_n}}\cdots U_{e^{i h_1}}(\textbf{1}) \colon \begin{array}{c} n\in \mathbb{N}, \ h_j\in M_{sa} \forall\ 1\leq j \leq n \end{array} \right\rbrace \end{aligned}$$ is analytically arcwise connected. Our…
We construct a generalized version for the free product of unital C*-algebras over a family of unital C*-subalgebras, starting from the group-analogue. When all the subalgebras are the same, we recover the free product with amalgamation over a common subalgebra. We reduce the problem to the study of minimal amalgams. We specialize to triangles of algebras and subalgebras, study freeness in this context, and give some examples of constructions of minimal amalgams derived from triangles of operator algebras.
Let B be a unital C*-subalgebra of a unital C*-algebra A, so that A/B is an abstract operator space. We show how to realize A/B as a concrete operator space by means of a completely contractive map from A into the algebra of operators on a Hilbert space, of the form a maps to [z, a] where z is a Hermitian unitary operator. We do not use Ruan's theorem concerning concrete realization of abstract operator spaces. Along the way we obtain corresponding results for abstract operator spaces of the form A/V where V is a closed subspace of A, and then for the more special cases in which V is a *-subsp…
In this paper, we will give a thorough study of the notion of Property $(T)$ for $C^*$-algebras (as introduced by M.B. Bekka in \cite{Bek-T}) as well as a slight stronger version of it, called "strong property $(T)$" (which is also an analogue of the corresponding concept in the case of discrete groups and type $\rm II_1$-factors). More precisely, we will give some interesting equivalent formulations as well as some permanence properties for both property $(T)$ and strong property $(T)$. We will also relate them to certain $(T)$-type properties of the unitary group of the underlying $C^*$-alge…
A class of $C^*$-algebras, to be called those of generalized tracial rank one, is introduced, and classified by the Elliott invariant. A second class of unital simple separable amenable $C^*$-algebras, those whose tensor products with UHF-algebras of infinite type are in the first class, to be referred to as those of rational generalized tracial rank one, is proved to exhaust all possible values of the Elliott invariant for unital finite simple separable amenable ${\cal Z}$-stable $C^*$-algebras. An isomorphism theorem for a special sub-class of those $C^*$-algebras are presented. This provide…
We say that a unital C*-algrebra A has the approximate positive factorization property (APFP) if every element of A is a norm limit of products of positive elements of A. (There is also a definition for the nonunital case.) T. Quinn has recently shown that a unital AF algebra has the APFP if and only if it has no finite dimensional quotients. This paper is a more systematic investigation of C*-algebras with the APFP. We prove various properties of such algebras. For example: They have connected invertible group, trivial K_1, and stable rank 1. In the unital case, the K_0 group separates the tr…
Let $A$ be a unital AH-algebra and let $α\in Aut(A)$ be an automorphism. A necessary condition for $A\rtimes_α\Z$ being embedded into a unital simple AF-algebra is the existence of a faithful tracial state. If in addition, there is an automorphism $κ$ with $κ_{*1}=-{\rm id}_{K_1(A)}$ such that $α\circ κ$ and $κ\circ \af$ are asymptotically unitarily equivalent, then $A\rtimes_{\af}\Z$ can be embedded into a unital simple AF-algebra. Consequently, in the case that $A$ is a unital AH-algebra (not necessarily simple) with torsion $K_1(A),$ $A\rtimes_α\Z$ can be embedded into a unital simple AF-al…
We prove constructive versions of various usual results related to the Gelfand duality. Namely, that the constructive Gelfand duality extend to a duality between commutative nonunital C*-algebras and locally compact completely regular locales, that ideals of a commutative C*-algebras are in order preserving bijection with the open sublocales of its spectrum, and a purely constructive result saying that a commutative C*-algebra has a continuous norm if and only its spectrum is open. We also extend all these results to the case of localic C*-algebras. In order to do so we develop the notion of o…
We show that standard deviation $\s$ satisfies the Leibniz inequality $\s(fg) \leq \s(f)\|g\| + \|f\|\s(g)$ for bounded functions f, g on a probability space, where the norm is the supremum norm. A related inequality that we refer to as "strong" is also shown to hold. We show that these in fact hold also for non-commutative probability spaces. We extend this to the case of matricial seminorms on a unital C*-algebra, which leads us to treat also the case of a conditional expectation from a unital C*-algebra onto a unital C*-subalgebra.
We examine splitting of the quotient map from the full free product $A*B$, or the unital free product $A*_{\mathbb C}B$, to the (maximal) tensor product $A\otimes B$, for unital C*-algebras $A$ and $B$. Such a splitting is very rare, but we show there is one if $A$ and $B$ are both the Cuntz algebra $O_2$ or $O_\infty$, and in a few other cases. The splitting is not explicit (and in principle probably cannot be). We also describe severe $K$-theoretic obstructions to a splitting.
Let $C=C(X)$ be the unital $C^*$-algebra of all continuous functions on a finite CW complex $X$ and let $A$ be a unital simple $C^*$-algebra with tracial rank at most one. We show that two unital monomorphisms $ϕ, ψ: C\to A$ are asymptotically unitarily equivalent, i.e., there exists a continuous path of unitaries $\{u_t: t\in [0,1)\}\subset A$ such that $$ \lim_{t\to 1} u_t^*ϕ(f)u_t=ψ(f) {\rm for all} \in C(X), $$ if and only if \beq [ϕ]&=&[ψ] {\rm in} KK(C, A), τ\circ ϕ&=&τ\circ ψ{\rm for all} τ\in T(A), and ϕ^†&=&ψ^†, \eneq where $T(A)$ is the simplex of tracial states of $A$ and $ϕ^†, ψ^†:…
Any unital separable continuous C(X)-algebra with properly infinite fibres is properly infinite as soon as the compact Hausdorff space X has finite topological dimension. We study conditions under which this is still the case in the infinite dimensional case.
We introduce the fundamental group F(A) of a simple $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebra $A$ with unique (up to scalar multiple) densely defined lower semicontinuous trace. This is a generalization of our previous works. Our definition in this paper makes sense for stably projectionless $C^*$-algebras. We show that there exist separable stably projectionless $C^*$-algebras such that their fundamental groups are equal to $\mathbb{R}_+^\times$ by using the classification theorem of Razak and Tsang. This is a contrast to the unital case. This study is motivated by the work of Kishimoto and Kumjian.
It is easy to see that every character (i.e. unital *-homomorphism to the complex numbers) of a commutative unital associative *-algebra is a pure state (i.e. extreme point in the convex set of all normalized positive linear functionals). This article gives sufficient conditions for the converse to be true as well. In order to formulate these results together with similar ones, e.g. for locally convex *-algebras, the notion of an abstract O*-algebra (unital associative *-algebra with an order defined by positive linear functionals) is introduced. Many concepts and intermediary results discusse…
The spectral functor of an ergodic action of a compact quantum group G on a unital C*-algebra is quasitensor, in the sense that the tensor product of two spectral subspaces is isometrically contained in the spectral subspace of the tensor product representation, and the inclusion maps satisfy natural properties. We show that any quasitensor *-functor from Rep(G) to the category of Hilbert spaces is the spectral functor of an ergodic action of G on a unital C*-algebra. As an application, we associate an ergodic G-action on a unital C*-algebra to an inclusion of Rep(G) into an abstract tensor C*…
We show that any order isomorphism between ordered structures of associative unital JB-subalgebras of JBW algebras is implemented naturally by a Jordan isomorphism. Consequently, JBW algebras are determined by the structure of their associative unital JB subalgebras. Further we show that in a similar way it is possible to reconstruct Jordan structure from the order structure of associative subalgebras endowed with an orthogonality relation. In case of abelian subalgebras of von Neuman algebra it is we shown that order isomorphisms of the structure of abelian C*-subalgebras that are well behave…
We develop a matricial version of Rieffel's Gromov-Hausdorff distance for compact quantum metric spaces within the setting of operator systems and unital C*-algebras. Our approach yields a metric space of ``isometric'' unital complete order isomorphism classes of metrized operator systems which in many cases exhibits the same convergence properties as those in the quantum metric setting, as for example in Rieffel's approximation of the sphere by matrix algebras using Berezin quantization. Within the metric subspace of metrized unital C*-algebras we establish the convergence of sequences which …
Given a completely positive map, we introduce a set of algebras that we refer to as its generalized multiplicative domains. These algebras are generalizations of the traditional multiplicative domain of a completely positive map and we derive a characterization of them in the unital, trace-preserving case, in other words the case of unital quantum channels, that extends Choi's characterization of the multiplicative domains of unital maps. We also derive a characterization that is in the same flavour as a well-known characterization of bimodules, and we use these algebras to provide a new repre…
Uffe Haagerup proved that quasitraces on unital exact C* -algebras are traces. We give a short proof under the stronger hypothesis of finite nuclear dimension.
We show that the commutator subgroup of the group of unitaries connected to the identity in a simple unital C*-algebra is simple modulo its center. We then go on to investigate the role of regularity properties in the structure of the special unitary group of a C*-algebra. Under mild assumptions, we show that this group has the invariant automatic continuity property and a unique polish group topology. Strengthening our assumptions in the case of simple C*-algebras, we show that the special unitary group modulo its center has bounded normal generation. These results apply to all simple purely …
We answer a question of Takesaki by showing that the following can be derived from the thesis of N-T Shen: If A and B are sigma-unital hereditary C*-subalgebras of C such that ||p - q|| < 1, where p and q are the corresponding open projections, then A and B are isomorphic. We give some further elaborations and counterexamples with regard to the sigma-unitality hypothesis. We produce a natural one-to-one correspondence between complete order isomorphisms of C*-algebras and invertible left multipliers of imprimitivity bimodules. A corollary of the above two results is that any complete order iso…
We prove that if E and F are graphs with a finite number of vertices and an infinite number of edges, if K is a field, and if L_K(E) and L_K(F) are simple Leavitt path algebras, then L_K(E) is Morita equivalent to L_K(F) if and only if K_0^\textnormal{alg} (L_K(E)) \cong K_0^\textnormal{alg} (L_K(F)) and the graphs $E$ and $F$ have the same number of singular vertices, and moreover, in this case one may transform the graph E into the graph F using basic moves that preserve the Morita equivalence class of the associated Leavitt path algebra. We also show that when K is a field with no free quot…
In this article I study a number of topological and algebraic dimension type properties of simple C*-algebras and their interplay. In particular, a simple C*-algebra is defined to be (tracially) (m,\bar{m})-pure, if it has (strong tracial) m-comparison and is (tracially) \bar{m}-almost divisible. These notions are related to each other, and to nuclear dimension. The main result says that if a separable, simple, nonelementary, unital C*-algebra A with locally finite nuclear dimension is (m,\bar{m})-pure, then it absorbs the Jiang-Su algebra Z tensorially. It follows that A is Z-stable if and on…
Let $A$ be a non-commutative, non-unital $\mathrm{C}^\ast$-algebra. Given a set of commuting positive elements in the corona algebra $Q(A)$, we study some obstructions to the existence of a commutative lifting of such set to the multiplier algebra $M(A)$. Our focus are the obstructions caused by the size of the collection we want to lift. It is known that no obstacles show up when lifting a countable family of commuting projections, or of pairwise orthogonal positive elements. However, this is not the case for larger collections. We prove in fact that for every primitive, non-unital, $σ$-unita…
Let $M$, $N$, $R$ be $W^{*}$--algebras, with $R$ unitally embedded in both $M$ and $N$. by using Reduction Theory, we extend the previous description of the $W^{*}$--tensor product $M\bar\otimes_{R}N$ over the common $W^{*}$--subalgebra $R$ and its predual $(M\bar\otimes_{R}N)_{*}$ to the $σ$--finite case.
Let $A$ and $B$ be C*-algebras and $φ\colon A\to B$ be a $*$-homomorphism. We discuss the properties of the kernel and (co-)image of the induced map $\mathrm{K}_{0}(φ)\colon \mathrm{K}_{0}(A) \to \mathrm{K}_{0}(B)$ on the level of K-theory. In particular, we are interested in the case that the co-image is torsion free, and show that it holds when $A$ and $ B $ are commutative and unital, $B$ has real rank zero, and $φ$ is unital and injective. We also show that $ A$ is embeddable in $B$ if $ \mathrm{K}_{0}(φ)$ is injective and $A$ has stable rank one and real rank zero.
Let $X$ be a finite CW complex and let $h_1, h_2: C(X)\to A$ be two unital \hm s, where $A$ is a unital C*-algebra. We study the problem when $h_1$ and $h_2$ are approximately homotopic. We present a $K$-theoretical necessary and sufficient condition for them to be approximately homotopic under the assumption that $A$ is a unital separable simple C*-algebra of tracial rank zero, or $A$ is a unital purely infinite simple C*-algebra. When they are approximately homotopic, we also give a bound for the length of the homotopy. Suppose that $h: C(X)\to A$ is a monomorphism and $u\in A$ is a unitary …
Let $A$ be a unital simple C*-algebra with tracial rank zero and $X$ be a compact metric space. Suppose that $h_1, h_2: C(X)\to A$ are two unital monomorphisms. We show that $h_1$ and $h_2$ are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if $$ [h_1]=[h_2] {\rm in} KL(C(X),A) {\rm and} τ\circ h_1(f)=τ\circ h_2(f) $$ for every $f\in C(X)$ and every trace $τ$ of $A.$ Adopting a theorem of Tomiyama, we introduce a notion of approximate conjugacy for minimal dynamical systems. Let $X$ be a compact metric space and $α, β: X\to X$ be two minimal homeomorphisms. Using the above mentioned result, we…
We study properties of the quantale spectrum Max A of an arbitrary unital C*-algebra A. In particular we show that the spatialization of Max A with respect to one of the notions of spatiality in the literature yields the locale of closed ideals of A when A is commutative. We study under general conditions functors with this property, in addition requiring that colimits be preserved, and we conclude in this case that the spectrum of A necessarily coincides with the locale of closed ideals of the commutative reflection of A. Finally, we address functorial properties of Max, namely studying (non-…
Regular normalized $B(W_1,W_2)$-valued non-negative spectral measures introduced in \cite{Zalar2014} are in one-to-one correspondence with unital $\ast$-representations $ρ:C(X,\mathbb{C})\otimes W_1 \rightarrow W_2$, where $X$ stands for a compact Hausdorff space and $W_1, W_2$ stand for von Neumann algebras. In this paper we generalize this result in two directions. The first is to $\ast$-representations of the form $ρ:\mathcal{B}\otimes W_1\rightarrow W_2$, where $\mathcal{B}$ stands for a commutative $\ast$-algebra $\mathcal{B}$, and the second is to special (not necessarily bounded) $\ast$…