Let R be an algebraic curvature tensor for a non-degenerate inner product of signature(p,q) where q>4. If $π$ is a spacelike 2 plane, let $R(π)$ be the associated skew-symmetric curvature operator. We classify the algebraic curvature tensors so R(-) has constant rank 2 and show these are geometrically realizable by hypersurfaces in flat spaces. We also classify the Ivanov-Petrova algebraic curvature tensors of rank 2; these are the algebraic curvature tensors of constant rank 2 such that the complex Jordan normal form of R(-) is constant.
We classify the connected pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of signature $(p,q)$ with $q\ge5$ so that at each point of $M$ the skew-symmetric curvature operator has constant rank 2 and constant Jordan normal form on the set of spacelike 2 planes and so that the skew-symmetric curvature operator is not nilpotent for at least one point of $M$.
We construct almost complex algebraic curvature tensors for pseudo Hermitian inner products whose skew-symmetric curvature operator has constant Jordan normal form on the set of non-degenerate complex lines.
The Skew Mean Curvature Flow(SMCF) is a Schrödinger-type geometric flow canonically defined on a co-dimension two submanifold, which generalizes the famous vortex filament equation in fluid dynamics. In this paper, we prove the local existence and uniqueness of general dimensional SMCF in Euclidean spaces.
In this paper, we classify the rotational surfaces with constant skew curvature in $3$-space forms. We also give a variational characterization of the profile curves of these surfaces as critical points of a curvature energy involving the exponential of the curvature of the curve. Finally, we provide a converse process to produce all rotational surfaces with constant skew curvature based on the evolution of a critical curve under the flow of its binormal vector field with prescribed velocity.
There is considered a connection with skew symmetric torsion on a quasi-Kähler manifold with Norden metric. Some necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the corresponding curvature tensor to be Kählerian. In the case when this tensor is Kählerian, some relations are obtained between its scalar curvature and the scalar curvature of other curvature tensors. Conditions are given for the considered manifolds to be isotropic-Kähler.
A Riemannian manifold is called IP, if the eigenvalues of its skew-symmetric curvature operator are pointwise constant. It was previously shown that for all n\ge 4, except n=7, any IP manifold either has constant curvature, or is a warped product, with some specific function, of a line and a space of constant curvature. We extend this result to the case n = 7, and also study 3-dimensional IP manifolds.
The skew mean curvature flow (SMCF) is a natural generalization of the famous vortex filament equation. In this note, we show that the Gauss map of the SMCF satisfies a Schrödinger flow equation. In this regard, we explore the geometry of the oriented Grassmannian manifold explicitly by embedding it into the exterior product space.
We consider a 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold M endowed with a right skew-circulant tensor structure S, which is an isometry with respect to the metric g and the fourth power of S is minus identity. We determine a class of manifolds (M, g, S), whose curvature tensors are invariant under S. For such manifolds we obtain properties of the Ricci tensor. Also we get expressions of the sectional curvatures of some special 2-planes in a tangent space of (M, g, S).
A natural connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion on almost contact manifolds with B-metric is constructed. The class of these manifolds, where the considered connection exists, is determined. Some curvature properties for this connection, when the corresponding curvature tensor has the properties of the curvature tensor for the Levi-Civita connection and the torsion tensor is parallel, are obtained.
A necessary condition for a connection in a vector bundle to be locally metric is for its curvature matrix, which consists of $2$ forms, to be skew symmetric with respect to some local frame. In this paper we give a simple algorithm that can be used to decide when a matrix of $2$ forms is equivalent to a skew symmetric matrix. We apply this algorithm to verify whether a "{\it full rank}" curvature connection is locally metric.
In this work, we investigate the problem of finding surfaces in the Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space with prescribed skew ($S$) and mean ($H$) curvatures, which are defined through the discriminant of the characteristic polynomial of the shape operator and its trace, respectively. After showing that $H$ and $S$ can be interpreted in terms of the expected value and standard deviation of the normal curvature seen as a random variable, we address the problem of prescribed curvatures for surfaces of revolution. For surfaces with a non-lightlike axis and prescribed $H$, the strategy consists in rewriting …
The skew mean curvature flow(SMCF), which origins from the study of fluid dynamics, describes the evolution of a codimension two submanifold along its binormal direction. We study the basic properties of the SMCF and prove the existence of a short-time solution to the initial value problem of the SMCF of compact surfaces in Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^4$. A Sobolev-type embedding theorem for the second fundamental forms of two dimensional surfaces is also proved, which might be of independent interest.
A pseudo-Riemannian manifold is said to be spacelike Jordan IP if the Jordan normal form of the skew-symmetric curvature operator depends upon the point of the manifold, but not upon the particular spacelike 2-plane in the tangent bundle at that point. We use methods of algebraic topology to classify connected spacelike Jordan IP pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of signature $(p,q)$, where $q\ge 11$, $p\le \frac{q-6}{4}$ and where the set $\{q, . . ., q+p\}$ does not contain a power of 2.
We study the 8 natural GL equivariant geometric realization questions for the space of generalized algebraic curvature tensors. All but one of them is solvable; a non-zero projectively flat Ricci antisymmetric generalized algebraic curvature is not geometrically realizable by a projectively flat Ricci antisymmetric torsion free connection.
We classify the algebraic curvature tensors which are both Osserman and complex Osserman in all but a finite number of exceptional dimensions.Information concerning the possible eigenvalue structures, which is provided by methods of algebraic topology, plays a central role in the analysis.
We prove that for an algebraic curvature tensor on a pseudo-Euclidean space, the Jordan-Osserman condition implies the Rakić duality principle, and that the Osserman condition and the duality principle are equivalent in the diagonalisable case.
We consider the unique Hermitian connection with totally skew-symmetric torsion on a Hermitian manifold. We prove that if the torsion is parallel and the holonomy is Sp(n)U(1), considered as a subgroup of U(2n) x U(1), then the manifold is locally isomorphic to the twistor space of a quaternionic Kaehler manifold with positive scalar curvature. If the manifold is complete, then it is globally isomorphic to such a twistor space.
The notion of different kind of algebraic Casorati curvatures are introduced. Some results expressing basic Casorati inequalities for algebraic Casorati curvatures are presented. Equality cases are also discussed. As a simple application, basic Casorati inequalities for different $δ$-Casorati curvatures for Riemannian submanifolds are presented. Further applying these results, Casorati inequalities for Riemannian submanifolds of real space forms are obtained. Finally, some problems are presented for further studies.
In this paper we provide a family of algebraic space-like surfaces in the three dimensional anti de Sitter space that shows that this Lorentzian manifold admits algebraic maximal examples of any order. Then, we classify all the space-like order two algebraic maximal hypersurfaces in the anti de Sitter $N$-dimensional space. Finally, we provide two families of examples of Lorentzian order two algebraic zero mean curvature in the de Sitter space.
We construct new examples of algebraic curvature tensors so that the Jordan normal form of the higher order Jacobi operator is constant on the Grassmannian of subspaces of type $(r,s)$ in a vector space of signature $(p,q)$. We then use these examples to establish some results concerning higher order Osserman and higher order Jordan Osserman algebraic curvature tensors.
Let $R$ be an algebraic curvature tensor on a vector space of signature $(p,q)$ defining a spacelike Jordan Osserman Jacobi operator $\JJ_R$. We show that the eigenvalues of $\JJ_R$ are real and that $\JJ_R$ is diagonalizable if $p<q$.
In this paper we prove that a Finsler metrics has constant flag curvature if and only if the curvature of the induced nonlinear connection satisfies an algebraic identity with respect to some arbitrary second rank tensors. Such algebraic identity appears as an obstruction to the formal integrability of some operators in Finsler geometry, [4,7]. This algebraic characterisation for Finsler metrics of constant flag curvature allows to provide yet another proof for the Finslerian version of Beltrami's Theorem, [2,3].
We use curvature decompositions to construct generating sets for the space of algebraic curvature tensors and for the space of tensors with the same symmetries as those of a torsion free, Ricci symmetric connection; the latter naturally appear in relative hypersurface theory.
We exhibit Walker manifolds of signature (2,2) with various commutativity properties for the Ricci operator, the skew-symmetric curvature operator, and the Jacobi operator. If the Walker metric is a Riemannian extension of an underlying affine structure A, these properties are related to the Ricci tensor of A.
We classify algebraic curvature tensors such that the Ricci operator is simple (i.e. the Ricci operator is complex diagonalizable and either the complex spectrum consists of a single real eigenvalue or the complex spectrum consists of a pair of eigenvalues which are complex conjugates of each other) and which are Jacobi--Ricci commuting (i.e. the Ricci operator commutes with the Jacobi operator of any vector).
Together with spaces of constant sectional curvature and products of a real line with a manifold of constant curvature, the socalled Egorov spaces and $\varepsilon$-spaces exhaust the class of $n$-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds admitting a group of isometries of dimension at least ${1/2} n(n-1)+1$, for almost all values of $n$ [Patrangenaru V., Geom. Dedicata 102 (2003), 25-33]. We shall prove that the curvature tensor of these spaces satisfy several interesting algebraic properties. In particular, we will show that Egorov spaces are Ivanov-Petrova manifolds, curvature-Ricci commuting (indee…
In the present work we consider an almost complex manifold with Norden metric (i.e. a metric with respect to which the almost complex structure is an antiisometry). On such a manifold we study a linear connection preserving the almost complex structure and the metric and having a totally skew-symmetric torsion tensor. We consider the case when the manifold admits a connection with parallel totally skew-symmetric torsion and the case when such connection has a Kaehler curvature tensor. We get necessary and sufficient conditions for an isotropic Kaehler manifold with Norden metric.
We show that if $\nabla R$ is a Jordan Szabo algebraic covariant derivative curvature tensor on a vector space of signature (p,q), where q is odd and p is less than q or if q is congruent to 2 mod 4 and if p is less than q-1, then $\nabla R=0$. This algebraic result yields an elementary proof of the geometrical fact that any pointwise totally isotropic pseudo-Riemannian manifold with such a signature (p,q) is locally symmetric.
We relate canonical algebraic curvature tensors that are built from a self-adjoint ($R^S_A$) or skew adjoint ($R^Λ_A$) linear operator A. Several authors have proven that any algebraic curvature tensor $R$ may be expressed as a sum of $R^S_A$, or as a sum of $R^Λ_A$. This motivates our interest in relating them as well as in the linear independence of sets of canonical algebraic curvature tensors. We develop an identity that relates $R^Λ_A$ to $R^S_A$, which will allow us to employ previous methods used for $R^S_A$ to the case of $R^Λ_A$ as well as use them interchangeably in some instances. W…
We consider regular surfaces $M$ that are given as the zeros of a polynomial function $p:R^3\rightarrow R$, where the gradient of $p$ vanishes nowhere. We assume that $M$ has non-zero mean curvature and prove that there exist only two examples of such surfaces, namely the sphere and the circular cylinder.
In this article we are interested in the differential geometric properties of certain higher direct images of exterior powers of the sheaf of relative differentials twisted with a line bundle. We obtain explicit curvature formulas, especially in case where the said line bundle satisfies a natural curvature assumption. Several applications are obtained, including a proof of a result by Viehweg-Zuo in the context of a canonically polarized family of maximal variation.
We consider the Laplace normal vector field of relatively normalized ruled surfaces with non-vanishing Gaussian curvature in the three-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. We determine all ruled surfaces and all relative normalizations for which the Laplace normal image degenerates into a point or into a curve. Moreover, we study the Laplace normal image of a non-conoidal ruled surface whose relative normals lie on the asymptotic plane.
Let E be a natural operator associated to the curvature tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. This survey article studies when the spectrum, or more generally the real Jordan normal form, of E is constant on the natural domain of definition. It deals with results for the Jacobi operator, the higher order Jacobi operator, the Szabo operator, and the skew-symmetric curvature operator. Some results in the complex setting are presented as well for the skew-symmetric curvature operator.
We examine questions of geometric realizability for algebraic structures which arise naturally in affine and Riemannian geometry. Suppose given an algebraic curvature operator R at a point P of a manifold M and suppose given a real analytic (resp. C-k for finite k at least 2) pseudo-Riemannian metric on M defined near P. We construct a torsion free real analytic (resp. C-k) connection D which is defined near P on the tangent bundle of M whose curvature operator is the given operator R at P and so that D has constant scalar curvature. We show that if R is Ricci symmetric, then D can be chosen t…
We show that every Kaehler algebraic curvature tensor is geometrically realizable by a Kaehler manifold of constant scalar curvature. We also show that every para-Kaehler algebraic curvature tensor is geometrically realizable by a para-Kaehler manifold of constant scalar curvature
We show that any $k$ Osserman Lorentzian algebraic curvature tensor has constant sectional curvature and give an elementary proof that any local 2 point homogeneous Lorentzian manifold has constant sectional curvature. We also show that a Szabó Lorentzian covariant derivative algebraic curvature tensor vanishes.
We present an algebraic investigation of generalized and equiaffine curvature tensors in a given pseudo-Euclidean vector space and study different orthogonal, irreducible decompositions in analogy to the known decomposition of algebraic curvature tensors. We apply the decomposition results to characterize geometric properties of Codazzi structures and relative hypersurfaces; particular emphasis is on projectively flat structures.
A 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold M, equipped with an additional tensor structure S, whose fourth power is minus identity, is considered. The structure S has a skew-circulant matrix with respect to some basis of the tangent space at a point on M. Moreover, S acts as an isometry with respect to the metric g. A fundamental tensor is defined on such a manifold (M,g,S) by g and by the covariant derivative of S. This tensor satisfies a characteristic identity which is invariant to the usual conformal transformation. Some curvature properties of (M,g,S) are obtained. A Lie group as a manifold of t…
We investigate the algebraic structure of complex Lie groups equipped with left-invariant metrics which are expanding semi-algebraic solitons to the Hermitian curvature flow (HCF). We show that the Lie algebras of such Lie groups decompose in the semidirect product of a reductive Lie subalgebra with their nilradicals. Furthermore, we give a structural result concerning expanding semi-algebraic solitons on complex Lie groups. It turns out that the restriction of the soliton metric to the nilradical is also an expanding algebraic soliton and we explain how to construct expanding solitons on comp…
A geometry with parallel skew-symmetric torsion is a Riemannian manifold carrying a metric connection with parallel skew-symmetric torsion. Besides the trivial case of the Levi-Civita connection, geometries with non-vanishing parallel skew-symmetric torsion arise naturally in several geometric contexts, e.g. on naturally reductive homogeneous spaces, nearly Kähler or nearly parallel $\mathrm{G}_2$-manifolds, Sasakian and $3$-Sasakian manifolds, or twistor spaces over quaternion-Kähler manifolds with positive scalar curvature. In this paper we study the local structure of Riemannian manifolds c…
We examine algebraic conditions for the sectional positivity of the Riemann curvature operator. We describe sufficient conditions for dimension $n=4$, and complete characterization for a dense open subset of the space of operators in dimension $4$. We also briefly examine higher-dimentional curvature operators.
We consider an almost complex manifold with Norden metric (i. e. a metric with respect to which the almost complex structure is an anti-isometry). On such a manifold we study a linear connection preserving the almost complex structure and the metric and having a totally skew symmetric torsion tensor (i. e. a 3-form). We prove that if a non-Kaehler almost complex manifold with Norden metric admits such connection then the manifold is quasi-Kaehlerian (i. e. has non-integrable almost complex structure). We prove that this connection is unique, determine its form, and construct an example of it o…
In this paper we prove that the only algebraic constant mean curvature (cmc) surfaces in R^3 of order less than four are the planes, the spheres and the cylinders. The method used heavily depends on the efficiency of algorithms to compute Groebner Bases and also on the memory capacity of the computer used to do the computations. We will also prove that the problem of finding algebraic constant mean curvature hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space completely reduces to the problem of solving a system of polynomial equations.
We demonstrate the use of several tools from Algebraic Combinatorics such as Young tableaux, symmetry operators, the Littlewood-Richardson rule and discrete Fourier transforms of symmetric groups in investigations of algebraic curvature tensors.
We prove that there are no regular algebraic hypersurfaces with non-zero constant mean curvature in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^{n+1}$, $n\geq 2$, defined by polynomials of odd degree. Also we prove that the hyperspheres and the round cylinders are the only regular algebraic hypersurfaces with non-zero constant mean curvature in $\mathbb R^{n+1}$, $n\geq 2$, defined by polynomials of degree less than or equal to three. These results give partial answers to a question raised by Barbosa and do Carmo.
In arXiv:2103.15482 an estimate for suitable skew-symmetric 2-tensors was claimed. Soon after, this estimate has been exploited to claim powerful classification results: most notably, it has been employed to propose a proof of a Black Hole Uniqueness Theorem for vacuum static spacetimes with positive scalar curvature and in connection with the Besse Conjecture. In the present note we point out an issue in the argument proposed in arXiv:2103.15482 and we provide a counterexample to the estimate.
The purpose of this paper is to prove that the Hermitian Curvature Flow (HCF) on an Hermitian manifold $(M,g,J)$ preserves many natural curvature positivity conditions. Following Wilking, for an $Ad\,{GL(T^{1,0}M)}$-invariant subset $S\subset End(T^{1,0}M)$ and a ncie function $F\colon End(T^{1,0}M)\to\mathbb R$ we construct a convex set of curvature operators $C(S,F)$, which is invariant under the HCF. Varying $S$ and $F$, we prove that the HCF preserves Griffiths positivity, Dual-Nakano positivity, positivity of holomorphic orthogonal bisectional curvature, lower bounds on the second scalar …
We give a new proof of the fact that the condition of a Fano manifold admitting a Kähler-Einstein metric is Zariski-open (provided that the automorphism group is discrete). This proof does not use the characterisation involving stability. The arguments involve estimates of Futaki invariants obtained from a differential-geometric "volume estimate", and variants of the algebro-geometric arguments of Stoppa. Many of the ideas apply to constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics.
I apply the algebraic classification of self-adjoint endomorphisms of ${\bf R}^{2,2}$ provided by their Jordan canonical form to the Ricci curvature tensor of four-dimensional neutral manifolds and relate this classification to an algebraic classification of the Ricci curvature spinor. These results parallel similar results well known in four-dimensional Lorentzian geometry. The classification is summarized in Table 2 at the end of the paper.
We study the structure of the set of algebraic curvature operators satisfying a sectional curvature bound under the light of the emerging field of Convex Algebraic Geometry. More precisely, we determine in which dimensions $n$ this convex semialgebraic set is a spectrahedron or a spectrahedral shadow; in particular, for $n\geq5$, these give new counter-examples to the Helton--Nie Conjecture. Moreover, efficient algorithms are provided if $n=4$ to test membership in such a set. For $n\geq5$, algorithms using semidefinite programming are obtained from hierarchies of inner approximations by spect…
We use an isomorphism between the space of valence two Killing tensors on an n-dimensional constant sectional curvature manifold and the irreducible GL(n+1)-representation space of algebraic curvature tensors in order to translate the Nijenhuis integrability conditions for a Killing tensor into purely algebraic integrability conditions for the corresponding algebraic curvature tensor, resulting in two simple algebraic equations of degree two and three. As a first application of this we construct a new family of integrable Killing tensors.
We consider a subset $S$ of the complex Lie algebra $\so(n,\C)$ and the cone $C(S)$ of curvature operators which are nonnegative on $S$. We show that $C(S)$ defines a Ricci flow invariant curvature condition if $S$ is invariant under $\Ad_{\SO(n,\C)}$. The analogue for Kähler curvature operators holds as well. Although the proof is very simple and short it recovers all previously known invariant nonnegativity conditions. As an application we reprove that a compact Kähler manifold with positive orthogonal bisectional curvature evolves to a manifold with positive bisectional curvature and is thu…
