Deformations of Dubrovin's Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds are constructed. The deformations depend on $g(g+1)/2$ complex parameters where $g$ is the genus of the corresponding Riemann surface. In genus one, the flat metric of the deformed Frobenius manifold coincides with a metric associated with a one-parameter family of solutions to the Painlevé-VI equation with coefficients $(1/8,-1/8,1/8,3/8).$ Analogous deformations of the real doubles of the Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds are also found; these deformations depend on $g(g+1)/2$ real parameters.
New Frobenius structures on Hurwitz spaces are found. A Hurwitz space is considered as a real manifold; therefore the number of coordinates is twice as large as the number of coordinates on Hurwitzs Frobenius manifolds of Dubrovin. Simple branch points of a ramified covering and their complex conjugates play the role of canonical coordinates on the constructed Frobenius manifolds. Corresponding solutions to WDVV equations and G-functions are obtained.
Solutions to the Riemann-Hilbert problems with irregular singularities naturally associated to semisimple Frobenius manifold structures on Hurwitz spaces (moduli spaces of meromorphic functions on Riemann surfaces) are constructed. The solutions are given in terms of meromorphic bidifferentials defined on the underlying Riemann surface. The relationship between different classes of Frobenius manifold structures on Hurwitz spaces (real doubles, deformations) is described on the level of the corresponding Riemann-Hilbert problems.
In this note we use the formalism of multi-KP hierarchies in order to give some general formulas for infinitesimal deformations of solutions of the Darboux-Egoroff system. As an application, we explain how Shramchenko's deformations of Frobenius manifold structures on Hurwitz spaces fit into the general formalism of Givental-van de Leur twisted loop group action on the space of semi-simple Frobenius manifolds.
In this paper we study the Fuchsian Riemann-Hilbert (inverse monodromy) problem corresponding to Frobenius structures on Hurwitz spaces. We find a solution to this Riemann-Hilbert problem in terms of integrals of certain meromorphic differentials over a basis of an appropriate relative homology space, study the corresponding monodromy group and compute the monodromy matrices explicitly for various special cases.
Hurwitz spaces parameterizing covers of the Riemann sphere can be equipped with a Frobenius structure. In this review, we recall the construction of such Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds as well as the correspondence between semisimple Frobenius manifolds and the topological recursion formalism. We then apply this correspondence to Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds by explaining that the corresponding primary invariants can be obtained as periods of multidifferentials globally defined on a compact Riemann surface by topological recursion. Finally, we use this construction to reply to the following questi…
The semisimple Frobenius manifolds related to the Hurwitz spaces $H_{g,N}(k_1, ..., k_l)$ are considered. We show that the corresponding isomonodromic tau-function $τ_I$ coincides with $(-1/2)$-power of the Bergmann tau-function which was introduced in a recent work by the authors \cite{KokKor}. This enables us to calculate explicitly the $G$-function of Frobenius manifolds related to the Hurwitz spaces $H_{0, N}(k_1, ..., k_l)$ and $H_{1, N}(k_1, ..., k_l)$. As simple consequences we get formulas for the $G$-functions of the Frobenius manifolds ${\mathbb C}^N/\tilde{W}^k(A_{N-1})$ and ${\math…
In this work we find the isomonodromic (Jimbo-Miwa) tau-function corresponding to Frobenius manifold structures on Hurwitz spaces. We discuss several applications of this result. First, we get an explicit expression for the G-function (solution of Getzler's equation) of the Hurwitz Frobenius manifolds. Second, in terms of this tau-function we compute the genus one correction to the free energy of hermitian two-matrix model. Third, we find the Jimbo-Miwa tau-function of an arbitrary Riemann-Hilbert problem with quasi-permutation monodromy matrices. Finally, we get a new expression (analog of ge…
We construct Frobenius structures of "dual type" on the moduli space of ramified coverings of $\mathbb{P}^1$ with given ramification type over two points, generalizing a construction of Dubrovin. A complete hierarchy of hydrodynamic type is obtained from the corresponding deformed flat connection. This provides a suitable framework for the Whitham theory of an enlarged class of integrable hierarchies; we treat as examples the q-deformed Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy and the sine-Gordon equation, and compute the corresponding solutions of the WDVV equations.
We expand Topological Field Theory on some special CW-complexes (brane complexes). This Brane Topological Field Theory one-to-one corresponds to infinite dimensional Frobenius Algebras, graduated by CW-complexes of lesser dimension. We define general and regular Hurwitz numbers of brane complexes and prove that they generate Brane Topological Field Theories. For general Hurwitz numbers corresponding algebra is an algebra of coverings of lesser dimension. For regular Hurwitz numbers the Frobenius algebra is an algebra of families of subgroups of finite groups.
Infinite-dimensional universal Cardy-Frobenius algebra is constructed, which unifies all particular algebras of closed and open Hurwitz numbers and is closely related to the algebra of differential operators, familiar from the theory of Generalized Kontsevich Model.
A class of Riemann-Hilbert problems corresponding to quasi-permutation monodromy matrices is solved in terms of Szegö kernel on auxiliary Riemann surfaces. The tau-function of Schlesinger system turns out to be closely related to determinant of Cauchy-Riemann operator. The link between theta-divisor and Malgrange's divisor in the theory of Schlesinger equations is established.
The isomonodromic tau-function for the Hurwitz spaces of branched coverings of genus zero and one are constructed explicitly. Such spaces may be equipped with the structure of a Frobenius manifold and this introduces a flat coordinate system on the manifold. The isomonodromic tau-function, and in particular the associated $G$-function, are rewritten in these coordinates and an interpretation in terms of the caustics (where the multiplication is not semisimple) is given.
A Frobenius manifold has tri-hamiltonian structure if it is even-dimensional and its spectrum is maximally degenerate. We focus on the case of dimension four and show that, under the assumption of semisimplicity, the corresponding isomonodromic Fuchsian system is described by the Painlevé VI$μ$ equation. This yields an explicit procedure associating to any semisimple Frobenius manifold of dimension three a tri-hamiltonian Frobenius manifold of dimension four. We carry out explicit examples for the case of Frobenius structures on Hurwitz spaces.
We extend the old formalism of cut-and-join operators in the theory of Hurwitz $τ$-functions to description of a wide family of KP-integrable {\it skew} Hurwitz $τ$-functions, which include, in particular, the newly discovered interpolating WLZZ models. Recently, the simplest of them was related to a superintegrable two-matrix model with two potentials and one external matrix field. Now we provide detailed proofs, and a generalization to a multi-matrix representation, and propose the $β$ deformation of the matrix model as well. The general interpolating WLZZ model is generated by a $W$-represe…
We construct local bihamiltonian structures from classical $W$-algebras associated to non-regular nilpotent elements of regular semisimple type in Lie algebras of type $A_2$ and $A_3$. They form exact Poisson pencil, admit a dispersionless limit and their leading terms define logarithmic or trivial Dubrovin-Frobenius manifolds. We calculate the corresponding central invariants which are expected to be constants. In particular, we get Dubrovin- Frobenius manifolds associated to the focused Schrödinger equation and Hurwitz space $M_{0;1,0}$ and the corresponding bihamiltonian structures of topol…
The category of Frobenius Lie algebras is stable under deformation, and here we examine explicit infinitesimal deformations of four and six dimensional Frobenius Lie algebras with the goal of understanding if the spectrum of a Frobenius Lie algebra can evolve under deformation. It can.
For any semisimple Frobenius manifold, we prove that a tau-symmetric bihamiltonian deformation of its Principal Hierarchy admits an infinite family of linearizable Virasoro symmetries if and only if all the central invariants of the corresponding deformation of the bihamiltonian structure are equal to $\frac{1}{24}$. As an important application of this result, we prove that the Dubrovin-Zhang hierarchy associated with the semisimple Frobenius manifold possesses a bihamiltonian structure which can be represented in terms of differential polynomials.
The G-function associated to the semi-simple Frobenius manifold C^n/W (where W is a Coxeter group or an extended affine Weyl group) is studied. The general form of the G function is given in terms of a logarithmic singularity over caustics in the manifold. The main result in this paper is a universal formula for the G-function corresponding to the Frobenius manifold C^n/W^(k)(A_{n-1}) where W^(k)(A_{n-1}) is a certain extended affine Weyl group (or, equivalently, corresponding to the Hurwitz space M_{0;k-1,n-k-1}), together with the general form of the G-function in terms of data on caustics. …
We prove that the description of pencils of compatible (N x N)-metrics of constant Riemannian curvature is equivalent to a special class of integrable N-parametric deformations of quasi-Frobenius (in general, noncommutative) algebras.
We introduce a one-parameter deformation of the 2-Toda tau-function of (weighted) Hurwitz numbers, obtained by deforming Schur functions into Jack symmetric functions. We show that its coefficients are polynomials in the deformation parameter $b$ with nonnegative integer coefficients. These coefficients count generalized branched coverings of the sphere by an arbitrary surface, orientable or not, with an appropriate $b$-weighting that "measures" in some sense their non-orientability. Notable special cases include non-orientable dessins d'enfants for which we prove the most general result so fa…
The Hurwitz-type Euler zeta function is defined as a deformation of the Hurwitz zeta function: \begin{equation*} ζ_E(s,x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{(-1)^n}{(n+x)^s}. \end{equation*} In this paper, by using the method of Fourier expansions, we shall evaluate several integrals with integrands involving Hurwitz-type Euler zeta functions $ζ_E(s,x)$. Furthermore, the relations between the values of a class of the Hurwitz-type (or Lerch-type) Euler zeta functions at rational arguments have also been given.
Frobenius manifold structures on the spaces of abelian integrals were constructed by I. Krichever. We use D-modules, deformation theory, and homological algebra to give a coordinate-free description of these structures. It turns out that the tangent sheaf multiplication has a cohomological origin, while the Levi-Civita connection is related to 1-dimensional isomonodromic deformations.
It is well-known that classical two-dimensional topological field theories are in one-to-one correspondence with commutative Frobenius algebras. An important extension of classical two-dimensional topological field theories is provided by open-closed two-dimensional topological field theories. In this paper we extend open-closed two-dimensional topological field theories to nonorientable surfaces. We call them Klein topological field theories(KTFT). We prove that KTFTs bijectively correspond to algebras with certain additional structures, called structure algebras. Semisimple structure algebra…
In this paper we introduce a new class of integrable systems, naturally associated to Hurwitz spaces (spaces of meromorphic functions over Riemann surfaces). The critical values of the meromorphic functions play the role of "times". Our systems give a natural generalization of the Ernst equation; in genus zero they realize the scheme of deformation of integrable systems proposed by Burtsev, Mikhailov and Zakharov. We show that any solution of these systems in rank 1 defines a flat diagonal metric (Darboux-Egoroff metric) together with a class of corresponding systems of hydrodynamic type and t…
We consider the deformations of Whitham systems including the "dispersion terms" and having the form of Dubrovin-Zhang deformations of Frobenius manifolds. The procedure is connected with B.A. Dubrovin problem of deformations of Frobenius manifolds corresponding to the Whitham systems of integrable hierarchies. Under some non-degeneracy requirements we suggest a general scheme of the deformation of the hyperbolic Whitham systems using the initial non-linear system. The general form of the deformed Whitham system coincides with the form of the "low-dispersion" asymptotic expansions used by B.A.…
We obtain algebraic Frobenius manifolds from classical $W$-algebras associated to subregular nilpotent elements in simple Lie algebras of type $D_r$ where $r$ is even and $E_r$. The resulting Frobenius manifolds are certain hypersurfaces in the total spaces of semiuniversal deformation of simple hypersurface singularities of the same types.
We consider a 3-dimensional Pfaffian system, whose z-component is a differential system with irregular singularity at infinity and Fuchsian at zero. In the first part of the paper, we prove that its Frobenius integrability is equivalent to the sixth Painlevé equation PVI. The coefficients of the system will be explicitly written in terms of the solutions of PVI. In this way, we remake a result of [44, 61]. We then express in terms of the Stokes matrices of the 3x3 irregular system the monodromy invariants p_{jk}=Tr(M_jM_k) of the 2-dimensional isomonodromic Fuchsian system with four singularit…
For an arbitrary calibrated Frobenius manifold, we construct an infinite dimensional Lie algebra, called the Virasoro-like algebra, which is a deformation of the Virasoro algebra of the Frobenius manifold. By using the Virasoro-like algebra we give a family of quadratic PDEs that are satisfied by the genus-zero free energy of the Frobenius manifold. We also derive, under the semisimplicity assumption, the Virasoro constraints for the corresponding abstract Hodge partition function.
Landau-Ginzburg models of generalised Dubrovin-Zhang form and pole collision: Dynkin-type A
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow（格拉斯哥大学数学与统计学院）；Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni, Università di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学数学与应用系）；INFN sezione di Milano-Bicocca（意大利国家核物理研究所米兰比可卡分部）
The isospectral deformations of the Frobenius-Stickelberger-Thiele (FST) polynomials introduced in [32](Spiridonov et al. Commun. Math. Phys. 272:139--165, 2007 ) are studied. For a specific choice of the deformation of the spectral measure, one is led to an integrable lattice (FST lattice), which is indeed an isospectral flow connected with a generalized eigenvalue problem. In the second part of the paper the spectral problem used previously in the study of the modified Camassa-Holm (mCH) peakon lattice is interpreted in terms of the FST polynomials together with the associated FST polynomial…
We consider the Dubrovin--Frobenius manifold of rank $2$ whose genus expansion at a special point controls the enumeration of a higher genera generalization of the Catalan numbers, or, equivalently, the enumeration of maps on surfaces, ribbon graphs, Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants, strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers, or lattice points in the moduli spaces of curves. Liu, Zhang, and Zhou conjectured that the full partition function of this Dubrovin--Frobenius manifold is a tau-function of the extended nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy, an extension of a particular rational reduction of the Kadom…
We review the role played by tau functions of special type - called {\it Bergman} tau functions in various areas: theory of isomonodromic deformations, solutions of Einstein's equations, theory of Dubrovin-Frobenius manifolds, geometry of moduli spaces and spectral theory of Riemann surfaces. These tau functions are natural generalizations of Dedekind's eta-function to higher genus. Study of their properties allows to get an explicit form of Einstein's metrics, obtain new relations in Picard groups of various moduli spaces and derive holomorphic factorization formulas of determinants of Laplac…
In our recent paper we proved the polynomiality of a Poisson bracket for a class of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems of PDE's associated to semi-simple Frobenius structures. In the conformal (homogeneous) case, these systems are exactly the hierarchies of Dubrovin-Zhang, and the bracket is the first Poisson structure of their hierarchy. Our approach was based on a very involved computation of a deformation formula for the bracket with respect to the Givental-Y.-P. Lee Lie algebra action. In this paper, we discuss the structure of that deformation formula. In particular, we reprove it u…
Three classes of classical r-matrices for sl(4,C) algebra are constructed in quasi-Frobenius algebra approach. They satisfy CYBE and are spanned respectively on 8,10,12 generators. The o(4,2) reality condition can be imposed only on the eight dimensional r matrices with dimension-full deformation parameters. Contrary to the Poincare algebra case, it appears that all deformations with a mass-like deformation parameter (kappa- deformations) are described by classical r-matrices satisfying CYBE.
By a famous result of K. Saito, the parameter space of the miniversal deformation of the $A_{r-1}$-singularity carries a Frobenius manifold structure. The Landau-Ginzburg mirror symmetry says that, in the flat coordinates, the potential of this Frobenius manifold is equal to the generating series of certain integrals over the moduli space of $r$-spin curves. In this paper we show that the parameters of the miniversal deformation, considered as functions of the flat coordinates, also have a simple geometric interpretation using the extended $r$-spin theory, first considered by T. J. Jarvis, T. …
We consider deformations of a differential system with Poincare' rank 1 at infinity and Fuchsian singularity at zero along a stratum of a coalescence locus. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the deformation to be strongly isomonodromic, both as an explicit Pfaffian system (integrable deformation) and as a non linear system of PDEs on the residue matrix A at the Fuchsian singularity. This construction is complementary to that of [13]. For the specific system here considered, the results generalize those of [26], by giving up the generic conditions, and those of [3], by giving up t…
The link between Frobenius manifolds and singularity theory is well known, with the simplest examples coming from the simple hypersurface singularities. Associated with any such manifold is a function known as the $G$-function. This plays a role in the construction of higher-genus terms in various theories. For the simple singularities the G-function is known explicitly: G=0. The next class of singularities, the unimodal hypersurface or elliptic hypersurface singularities consists of three examples, \widetilde{E}_6,\widetilde{E}_7,\widetilde{E}_8 (or equivalently P_8, X_9,J_10). Using a result…
We propose and prove the Verlinde formula for the quantization of the Higgs bundle moduli spaces and stacks for any simple and simply-connected group. This generalizes the equivariant Verlinde formula for the case of $SU(n)$ proposed previously by the second and third author. We further establish a Verlinde formula for the quantization of parabolic Higgs bundle moduli spaces and stacks. Finally, we prove that these dimensions form a one-parameter family of $1+1$-dimensional TQFT, uniquely classified by the complex Verlinde algebra, which is a one-parameter family of Frobenius algebras. We cons…
