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arXiv 2602.14175quant-phhep-th
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相对论粒子的量子场论测量

Quantum field theory measurements for relativistic particles

University of Patras(帕特雷大学)

Nadia Koliopoulou, Charis Anastopoulos, Ntina Savvidou

AI总结:

本文提出基于量子时间概率框架,研究相对论粒子的测量问题,包括自旋影响的到达时间概率、超越盖拉伯理论的光检测公式以及粒子振荡公式的推导。

摘要:

构建一致的相对论量子场测量理论已成为一个日益具有基础性和实际意义的问题。标准非相对论测量模型无法纳入局部性、因果性和洛伦兹协变性等基本相对论原理,因此无法适用于量子场论环境。尽管大多数现有研究集中在标量场,但现实粒子具有自旋、极化和内部自由度,这些引入了新的概念和操作挑战。为此,我们采用量子时间概率(QTP)框架来描述电磁场、狄拉克场和内部结构标量场。我们的结果包括考虑自旋/极化的到达时间概率,超越盖拉伯理论的广义光检测公式,清晰推导出粒子振荡公式及其局限性,以及相对论四态的首原理分析。

英文摘要:

The formulation of a consistent measurement theory for relativistic quantum fields has become a problem of growing foundational and practical significance. Standard non-relativistic measurement models fail to incorporate the essential relativistic principles of locality, causality, and Lorentz covariance, and are therefore inadequate for quantum field theoretic settings. While most existing work focuses on scalar fields, realistic particles possess spin, polarization, and internal degrees of freedom that introduce new conceptual and operational challenges. To this end, we employ the Quantum Temporal Probabilities (QTP) framework for relativistic measurements to describe electromagnetic, Dirac, and internally structured scalar fields. Our results include probabilities for the time-of-arrival that take spin/polarization into account, generalized photodetection formulas beyond Glauber's theory, an unambiguous derivation of the particle oscillation formula together with its limitations, and a first-principles analysis of relativistic qudits.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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