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arXiv 2602.04148nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex
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用微分径向流映射核变形 在重离子碰撞中

Mapping Nuclear Deformation with Differential Radial Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Central China Normal University(华中师范大学);Universität Bielefeld(比勒费尔德大学);McGill University(麦吉尔大学)

Jie Zhu, Xiang-Yu Wu, Guang-You Qin

AI总结:

研究通过微分径向流分析核变形,发现四极变形增强径向流,而十六极变形增强其纵向去相关性。

摘要:

在相对论性重离子碰撞中,火球的径向流,通常通过最终态粒子的横向动量谱来表征,编码了碰撞中产生的热密核物质的本质信息。然而,径向流的响应,包括其动量差分结构v0(pT)和纵向波动v0(η),对内在核变形仍未知。使用现实的(3+1)维粘性流体动力学计算,结合Trento-3D初始条件,我们研究了核变形如何影响径向流的微分。我们观察到四极变形β2与径向流之间存在明显的正相关性:当β2增加时,中央碰撞中v0和v0(pT)的幅度均增强。相反,Pearson系数ρ(n(pT), [pT])在所有碰撞系统和中央性中表现出普遍的阶梯状行为。进一步分析径向流的纵向去相关性揭示了丰富的结构:在中央碰撞中,大β2倾向于抑制去相关性,而十六极变形β4倾向于增强它。这种去相关效应向边缘碰撞增加。我们的结果表明,精确测量径向流,涵盖横向动量和纵向依赖性,可以为高能核-核碰撞中的核变形提供有力的互补约束。

英文摘要:

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the radial flow of the fireball, usually characterized by transverse momentum spectra of final-state particles, encodes essential information about the hot and dense nuclear matter created in the collisions. However, the response of radial flow, including its $p_T$-differential structure $v_0(p_T)$ and longitudinal fluctuations $v_0(η)$, to intrinsic nuclear deformation remains unexplored. Using realistic $(3+1)$-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic calculations with Trento-3D initial conditions, we investigate how nuclear deformation affects the differential radial flow. We observe a clear, positive correlation between quadrupole deformation $β_2$ and radial flow: both magnitudes of $v_0$ and $v_0(p_T)$ are enhanced in central collisions when $β_2$ is increased. In contrast, the Pearson coefficient $ρ(n(p_T), [p_T])$ exhibits a universal step-like behavior across all collision systems and centralities. Further analysis of longitudinal decorrelation of radial flow reveals a rich structure: in central collisions, large $β_2$ tends to suppress the decorrelation, whereas hexadecapole deformation $β_4$ tends to enhance it. Such decorrelation effect increases toward peripheral collisions. Our results demonstrate that precise measurements of radial flow, spanning transverse momentum and longitudinal dependences, can provide powerful, complementary constraints on nuclear deformation in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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