铁形变和形状共存在核图上：28 <质子（Z）< 50和40 <中子（N）< 70
Ferro-deformation and shape coexistence over the nuclear chart: 28 < protons (Z) < 50 and 40 < neutrons (N) < 70
摘要：
利用国家核数据中心的实验数据，系统地研究了质子在28 < Z < 50，中子在40 < N < 70以上的原子核中，前2+激发能E（2+）及其与前4+能级的能量比R = E（4+）/E（2+）的新出现的原子核结构性质.通过引入建立在组合子壳上的伪壳结构，我们解释了以下现象：半双层壳闭合、形状相变和增强变形。增强变形在Z = 40（或38），N = 60时突然出现，并以Z = 40，N = 64为中心，接近最大值R = 3.3。我们将这种强化变形定义为“铁变形”，如先前的研究[arXiv：1604.01017]。对于Z = 38和40的原子核，96 Sr、98 Sr、100 Sr和98 Zr、100 Zr和102 Zr，在N = 58、60和62的过渡区中，形状共存将被预期为形成具有强旋转模式的铁形变和具有振动模式的近球形。我们认为铁磁形变与g7/2轨道中子和g9/2轨道质子之间的强自旋轨道相互作用密切相关。这种与同位旋相关的自旋-轨道相互作用，具有相同的角动量，l = 4，加强了核表面朝向突然和剧烈的变形，引起在临界点Z = 40，N = 64处的铁变形。讨论了Z = 40，N = 64和Z = 64，N = 104两个临界点铁磁形变的异同。
英文摘要：
With the experimental data at the national nuclear data center, NNDC, we investigate systematically the emerging nuclear structure properties in the first 2+ excited energies, E(2+) and their energy ratios to the first 4+ levels, R = E(4+)/E(2+) in the nuclei over 28 < Z < 50 for protons, and 40 < N < 70 for neutrons. By introducing the pseudo-shell configurations built on the combined subshells, we explain the following phenomena; a semi-double shell closure, a shape phase transition, and a reinforced deformation. The reinforced deformation arises suddenly at Z = 40 (or 38), N = 60 and approaches a maximum value, R = 3.3, as being centered at Z = 40, N = 64. We define this reinforced deformation 'a ferro-deformation', as in the previous study [arXiv:1604.01017]. The shape coexistence would be expected to be, as forming a ferro-deformation, with a strong rotational mode, and a near spherical shape, with a vibrational mode, in the transitional region at N = 58, 60, and 62 for the nuclei, with Z = 38 and 40; 96Sr, 98Sr, 100Sr, and 98Zr, 100Zr, and 102Zr. We suggest that the ferro-deformation should be closely associated with a strong spin-orbital interaction between neutrons in the g7/2 orbital and protons in the g9/2 orbital. Such an isospin dependent spin-orbital interaction, with the same angular momentum, l = 4, reinforces nuclear surface toward a sudden and dramatic deformation, giving rise to the ferro-deformation at the critical point, Z = 40, N = 64. We discuss the similarities and differences of the ferro-deformation between the two critical points; Z = 40, N = 64 and Z = 64, N = 104.
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