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arXiv 1604.01017nucl-thnucl-ex
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铁变形和形状相变在核图表:50 <质子(Z)< 82和50 <中子(N)< 126

Ferro-deformation and shape phase transitions over the nuclear chart: 50 < protons (Z) < 82 and 50 < neutrons (N) < 126

Chang-Bum Moon

摘要:

我们在实验观测量的框架下研究了整体原子核结构。利用国家核数据中心的大量原子核结构数据,给出了偶偶核中质子50 < Z < 82,中子50 < N < 126的前2+激发能E(2+)及其与前4+能级的能量比R = E(4+)/E(2+)的独特系统模式.我们引入所谓的伪壳结构的子壳混合物,以解释半双壳封闭,形状相变,和加强变形。发现当Z = 64或66与N = 90相关时,增强变形出现并达到最大值,即R = 3.3。这种饱和强化变形跨越Z = 58至72和N = 100至106,如其中心在Z = 64或66和N = 102或104处所示。我们将这种强化形变定义为“铁形变”,就像凝聚态物理中的铁磁性一样。在Z = 64或66的临界点,N = 88和90,150 Sm和152 Sm,152 Gd和154 Gd,154 Dy和156 Dy,预计会出现形状共存,如铁变形,具有强旋转模式,和近球形,具有振动模式。我们认为,在中等变形的核中,在高位激发态上可以形成超形变,这种超形变对应于Sm、Gd和Dy核在N = 88时的铁形变。我们认为,铁磁形变可以密切相关的一个强大的自旋轨道相互作用的中子和质子的自旋轨道的双重态,h9/2-h11/2,导致在Z,N = 64,104的临界点。

英文摘要:

We study a global nuclear structure in the framework of experimental observables. With the aid of large nuclear structure data at the national nuclear data center, NNDC, we present the distinctive systematic patterns emerged in the first 2+ excited energies, E(2+) and their energy ratios to the first 4+ levels, R = E(4+)/E(2+), in the even-even nuclei, over 50 < Z < 82 for protons, and 50 < N < 126 for neutrons. We introduce the so-called pseudo-shell configurations from the subshells mixture in order to explain a semi-double shell closure, a shape phase transition, and a reinforced deformation. It is found that the reinforced deformation arises when Z = 64 or 66 correlates with N = 90 and reaches its maximum, indicating R = 3.3. Such a saturated reinforced deformation spans over Z = 58 to 72 and N = 100 to 106 as showing its center at Z = 64 or 66 and at N = 102 or 104. We define this reinforced deformation 'a ferro-deformation' like a ferro-magnetism in condensed matter physics. The shape coexistence would be expected to occur, such as a ferro-deformation, with a strong rotational mode, and a near spherical shape, with a vibrational mode, at the critical points of Z = 64 or 66, with N = 88 and 90; 150Sm and 152Sm, 152Gd and 154Gd, and 154Dy and 156Dy. We suggest that a super-deformation, which can be formed at high-lying excited states in a moderate deformed nucleus, would correspond to the ferro-deformation at N = 88 for the nuclei; Sm, Gd, and Dy. We argue that the ferro-deformation can be closely associated with a strong spin-orbital interaction between neutrons and protons in the spin-orbit doublet, h9/2-h11/2, leading to the critical points at Z, N = 64, 104.

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