形状共存与量子相变之间的微妙联系。Zr案
The subtle connection between shape coexistence and quantum phase transition. The Zr case
摘要：
背景：Zr区的特征是原子核的基态结构发生非常迅速的变化。特别地，当从$^{98}$ Zr到$^{100}$ Zr时，变形的开始是在核图表中观察到的最快的变形之一。从实验和理论上探讨了锆同位素的某些低激发态激发态具有不同于基态的形状。目的：我们打算解开基态形状突然变化之间的相互作用，即，量子相变的存在，以及光谱中具有非常不同变形的共存态的存在，即，形状共存的存在。方法：我们依赖于以前的计算使用的相互作用玻色子模型与配置混合（IBM-CM），再现详细的光谱特性的$^{96-110}$锆。该IBM-CM计算允许计算平均场能量表面、波函数和与形状共存的存在或与量子相变相关的任何其他可观察的。结果如下：得到了形变参数$β$的能量面和平衡值，波函数的U（5）分解和态密度。结论：我们确认，锆是一个明确的例子，量子相变，起源于交叉的两个配置具有非常不同程度的变形。此外，我们观察到入侵者配置如何表现出自己的演变，类似于量子相变了。
英文摘要：
Background: Zr region is characterized by very rapid changes in the ground state structure of the nuclei. In particular, the onset of deformation when passing from $^{98}$Zr to $^{100}$Zr is one of the fastest ever observed in the nuclear chart. It has been probed both experimental and theoretically that certain low-lying excited states of Zr isotopes own different shapes than the ground state. Purpose: We intend to disentangle the interplay between the sudden changes in the ground state shape, i.e., the existence of a quantum phase transition, and the presence in the spectra of coexisting states with very different deformation, i.e., the presence of shape coexistence. Method: We rely on a previous calculation using the Interacting Boson Model with Configuration Mixing (IBM-CM) which reproduces in detail the spectroscopic properties of $^{96-110}$Zr. This IBM-CM calculation allows to compute mean-field energy surfaces, wave functions and any other observable related with the presence of shape coexistence or with a quantum phase transition. Results: We obtain energy surfaces and the equilibrium value of the deformation parameter $β$, the U(5) decomposition of the wave functions and the density of states. Conclusions: We confirm that Zr is a clear example of quantum phase transition that originates from the crossing of two configurations with a very different degree of deformation. Moreover, we observe how the intruder configuration exhibits its own evolution which resembles a quantum phase transition too.
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