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arXiv 2303.04866nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex
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电子离子对撞机上核形变的多尺度成像

Multi-scale Imaging of Nuclear Deformation at the Electron Ion Collider

Heikki Mäntysaari, Björn Schenke, Chun Shen, Wenbin Zhao

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AI总结：

本文在色玻璃凝聚框架下提出利用电子离子对撞机上的衍射矢量介子产生，通过 |t| 微分截面在多尺度上探测核形变与核结构。

摘要：

我们在 Color Glass Condensate（色玻璃凝聚）框架内表明，高能下的遍举矢量介子产生对靶核在多个长度尺度上的几何形变十分敏感。通过研究 e+U 碰撞并改变铀靶的形变，我们证明较大的形变会导致非相干矢量介子产生截面增大。此外，不同的多极形变参数会影响横动量转移的不同区域。采用 JIMULK 演化来研究结果对 Bjorken-x 的依赖，我们发现非相干截面与相干截面之比随 x 减小而下降，并且在很大程度上独立于靶核的四极形变。将使用 ²⁰Ne 靶与 ¹⁶O 靶的同一过程结果进行比较，我们发现形变差异在非相干截面中清晰可见。这些发现表明，电子离子对撞机上的某些可观测量对核结构非常敏感。因此，在解释实验结果时必须考虑形变。更重要的是，这还意味着 |t| 微分衍射矢量介子产生可能成为一种强有力的工具，从而能够在不同长度尺度上对核结构进行最直接的测量：从低 |t| 时的核形变，到较高 |t| 时的核子及亚核子尺度。

英文摘要：

We show within the Color Glass Condensate framework that exclusive vector meson production at high energy is sensitive to the geometric deformation of the target nucleus at multiple length scales. Studying $e+$U collisions and varying the deformation of the uranium target, we demonstrate that larger deformations result in enhanced incoherent vector meson production cross sections. Further, different multipole deformation parameters affect different regions of transverse momentum transfer. Employing JIMWLK evolution to study the Bjorken-$x$ dependence of our results, we find that the ratio of incoherent to coherent cross sections decreases with decreasing $x$, largely independently of the quadrupole deformation of the target. Comparing results for the same process using ${\rm {^{20}Ne}}$ targets with ${\rm {^{16}O}}$ targets, we find that differences in deformation are clearly visible in the incoherent cross section. These findings show that certain observables at the Electron-Ion Collider are very sensitive to nuclear structure. Consequently, deformations need to be taken into account when interpreting experimental results. More importantly, this also means that $\vert t\vert$-differential diffractive vector meson production could become a powerful tool, enabling the most direct measurements of nuclear structure at different length scales, ranging from nuclear deformation at low $\vert t\vert$ to nucleon- and subnucleon-size scales at higher $\vert t\vert$.

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