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arXiv 2501.06508q-bio.PE
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三物种相互作用系统中的捕食与生存模型

A model of predation and survival in a system of three interacting species

Anca Radulescu, Richard Halpern, Drew Kozlowski, Conor O'Riordan

AI总结:

本研究构建了由猫头鹰、蛇、老鼠组成的三物种Lotka-Volterra捕食模型,通过解析与数值分析发现系统存在跨临界和Hopf分岔,会向易受噪声影响的脆弱态转变,提出需采用基于预测的有据种群调控方法避免灭绝。

摘要:

生态系统中多物种相互作用的研究是一个活跃且具有重要影响的探索方向。对于脆弱系统而言尤其如此,这类系统的功能参数哪怕发生微小扰动,都可能产生物种濒危或灭绝等剧烈影响,导致系统进入不可持续状态并最终崩溃。在此背景下,了解哪些因素会引发此类效应、哪些系统会受其影响十分重要,这样人们才能主动、及时地采取行动加以预防。我们构建并研究了一个刻画三个物种间自然相互作用的数学模型:其中两个物种是第三个物种的捕食者,且其中一种捕食者还会捕食另一种捕食者(我们将其分别称为猫头鹰、蛇和老鼠)。该模型的非线性组分已在现有文献中得到记载,并被组装为一个Lotka-Volterra常微分方程组。我们的解析计算与数值探索揭示了一系列跨临界分岔和Hopf分岔,这些分岔是系统向易受外部噪声影响的区域发生反直觉转变的基础。我们得出结论:为避免物种灭绝,需要严格采用一种有据可依、基于预测的种群调控方法。

英文摘要:

The study of interactions between multiple species in an ecosystem is an active and impactful direction of inquiry. This is true in particular for fragile systems in which even small perturbations of their functional parameters can produce dramatic effects like species endangerment or extinction, leading the system to enter an unsustainable regime and eventually collapse. In this context, it is important to understand which factors can lead to such effects and for which systems, so that one can act proactively and timely to prevent them. We built and studied a mathematical model that captures the natural interactions between three species, in which two species are predators of the third, but such that one of the predators also consumes the other (to which we refer as Owls, Snakes and Mice). The nonlinear components of the model were documented on existing literature and assembled as a system of Lotka-Volterra ordinary differential equations. Our analytical computations and numerical exploration explorations revealed sequences of transcritical and Hopf bifurcations that underlie counterintuitive transitions of the system into regions of vulnerability to external noise. We conclude that, in order to avoid extinction,one needs to rigorously prescribe a well-documented, prediction-based approach to population control.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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