当地反捕食者的反应如何打破石头剪刀布模型的平衡
How local antipredator response unbalances the rock-paper-scissors model
摘要：
反捕食者行为是一种存在于许多生物系统中的自我保护策略，其中个体加入集体反应的努力，以避免被接近的捕食者捕获。研究了一个非等级的三营养系统，其捕食者与食饵之间的相互作用用石头剪刀布游戏规则来描述。我们进行了一组空间随机模拟，其中一个物种的生物体可以抵抗捕食的集体战略。捕食能力的下降是本地的，这意味着每个捕食者面临着一个特定的反对取决于周围的猎物群的大小it. Considering的干扰捕食者行动取决于猎物的身体和认知能力，我们探索的作用的调节因子，表明该分数的物种容易执行的antipredator策略。由于捕食者-被捕食者相互作用的局部不平衡，出现了主要由单个物种占据的空间域。与石头剪刀布模型中由于非局部原因而导致的弱物种不同，我们的研究结果表明，如果一个物种的捕食概率由于个体面临局部反捕食者反应而降低，则该物种不会占主导地位。相反，石头剪刀布模型的局部不平衡导致了弱势物种的猎物的盛行。最后，研究结果表明，当地的不均衡可能会危及生物多样性，与共存更受到威胁的高流动性。
英文摘要：
Antipredator behaviour is a self-preservation strategy present in many biological systems, where individuals join the effort in a collective reaction to avoid being caught by an approaching predator. We study a nonhierarchical tritrophic system, whose predator-prey interactions are described by the rock-paper-scissors game rules. We performed a set of spatial stochastic simulations where organisms of one out of the species can resist predation in a collective strategy. The drop in predation capacity is local, which means that each predator faces a particular opposition depending on the prey group size surrounding it. Considering that the interference in a predator action depends on the prey's physical and cognitive ability, we explore the role of a conditioning factor that indicates the fraction of the species apt to perform the antipredator strategy. Because of the local unbalancing of the cyclic predator-prey interactions, departed spatial domains mainly occupied by a single species emerge. Unlike the rock-paper-scissors model with a weak species because a nonlocal reason, our findings show that if the predation probability of one species is reduced because individuals face local antipredator response, the species does not predominate. Instead, the local unbalancing of the rock-paper-scissors model results in the prevalence of the weak species' prey. Finally, the outcomes show that local unevenness may jeopardise biodiversity, with the coexistence being more threatened for high mobility.
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