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arXiv 2107.04421q-bio.PEcond-mat.stat-mechphysics.soc-ph
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在石头剪刀布模型中平价的影响

Impact of parity in rock-paper-scissors type models

P. P. Avelino, B. F. de Oliveira, R. S. Trintin

摘要:

我们调查的背景下,最简单的概括的石头剪刀布模型的任意数量的物种-我们认为模型的物种总数($N_S$)在3和12之间,具有一个或多个(弱)物种的特征在于减少捕食概率(由一个因素的${\mathcal P}_w$相对于其他物种)的奇偶校验的丰富的弱物种的影响。我们表明,使用基于晶格的空间随机模拟与随机初始条件,大到足以共存占上风,奇偶效应是显着的。我们发现,弱物种的性能是依赖于是否总的物种数是偶数或奇数,特别是对$N_S \le 8$,奇数的物种是平均更有利于弱物种比偶数的。我们进一步表明,尽管在各个模型之间观察到显着的分散,但如果${\mathcal P}_w$足够小于1,则弱物种的平均丰度高于强物种--值得注意的例外是四个物种的情况。

英文摘要:

We investigate the impact of parity on the abundance of weak species in the context of the simplest generalization of the rock-paper-scissors model to an arbitrary number of species -- we consider models with a total number of species ($N_S$) between 3 and 12, having one or more (weak) species characterized by a reduced predation probability (by a factor of ${\mathcal P}_w$ with respect to the other species). We show, using lattice based spatial stochastic simulations with random initial conditions, large enough for coexistence to prevail, that parity effects are significant. We find that the performance of weak species is dependent on whether the total number of species is even or odd, especially for $N_S \le 8$, with odd numbers of species being on average more favourable to weak species than even ones. We further show that, despite the significant dispersion observed among individual models, a weak species has on average a higher abundance than a strong one if ${\mathcal P}_w$ is sufficiently smaller than unity -- the notable exception being the four species case.

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