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arXiv 2501.04777cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-el
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分形霍夫施塔特能谱的光谱学研究

Spectroscopy of the Fractal Hofstadter Energy Spectrum

Kevin P. Nuckolls, Michael G. Scheer, Dillon Wong, Myungchul Oh, Ryan L. Lee, Jonah Herzog-Arbeitman, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Biao Lian, Ali Yazdani

AI总结:

本文利用STM/STS在第二魔角附近扭曲双层石墨烯中首次直接观测到霍夫施塔特分形能谱,揭示了平莫尔带分数化为离散子带及其自相似性,并发现强关联与库仑相互作用导致的超越原始模型的新现象。

摘要:

霍夫施塔特蝴蝶是磁场中限制在二维晶格上的非相互作用电子所预测的能谱,是自然界中最引人注目的分形结构之一。在每个晶胞磁通量量子的有理比值处,该能谱表现出反映其递归构造的能级自相似分布。对于大多数材料而言,霍夫施塔特蝴蝶的预测实验条件无法通过实验室规模的磁场实现。近年来,电输运研究为在人工设计具有超大晶格常数的材料(例如具有莫尔超晶格的材料)中观察到霍夫施塔特蝴蝶提供了证据。然而迄今为止,对霍夫施塔特近50年前所预言的分形能谱进行直接光谱学研究仍然难以实现。在此,我们利用高分辨率扫描隧道显微镜/光谱学(STM/STS)探测了扭曲双层石墨烯在预测的第二魔角附近的平电子带,这是霍夫施塔特能谱光谱学研究的理想平台。我们的研究表明,平莫尔带分数化为离散的霍夫施塔特子带,并识别出该能谱自相似性的实验特征。此外,我们的测量揭示了一个随电子密度动态演化的能谱,由于强关联、库仑相互作用以及扭曲双层石墨烯中电子量子简并的综合效应,展现出超越霍夫施塔特原始模型的现象。

英文摘要:

Hofstadter's butterfly, the predicted energy spectrum for non-interacting electrons confined to a two-dimensional lattice in a magnetic field, is one of the most remarkable fractal structures in nature. At rational ratios of magnetic flux quanta per lattice unit cell, this spectrum shows self-similar distributions of energy levels that reflect its recursive construction. For most materials, Hofstadter's butterfly is predicted under experimental conditions that are unachievable using laboratory-scale magnetic fields. More recently, electrical transport studies have provided evidence for Hofstadter's butterfly in materials engineered to have artificially large lattice constants, such as those with moiré superlattices. Yet to-date, direct spectroscopy of the fractal energy spectrum predicted by Hofstadter nearly 50 years ago has remained out of reach. Here we use high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy / spectroscopy (STM / STS) to probe the flat electronic bands in twisted bilayer graphene near the predicted second magic angle, an ideal setting for spectroscopic studies of Hofstadter's spectrum. Our study shows the fractionalization of flat moiré bands into discrete Hofstadter subbands and discerns experimental signatures of self-similarity of this spectrum. Moreover, our measurements uncover a spectrum that evolves dynamically with electron density, displaying phenomena beyond that of Hofstadter's original model due to the combined effects of strong correlations, Coulomb interactions, and the quantum degeneracy of electrons in twisted bilayer graphene.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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