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arXiv 2005.10978cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.quant-gasphysics.optics
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Hofstadter模型的非阿贝尔推广:自旋轨道耦合的蝴蝶对

Non-Abelian Generalizations of the Hofstadter model: Spin-orbit-coupled Butterfly Pairs

Yi Yang, Bo Zhen, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljačić

摘要:

Hofstadter模型以其分形蝴蝶谱而闻名,它描述了垂直磁场下的二维电子,这引起了整数量子霍尔效应。受最近实验[Science,365,1021(2019)]中非阿贝尔规范场的实空间构建块的启发,我们引入并理论研究了Hofstadter模型的两个非阿贝尔推广。每个模型描述两对霍夫施塔特蝴蝶的自旋轨道耦合。与可以在朗道规范场和对称规范场中等价研究的原始Hofstadter模型相比,由于规范场的非对易性,相应的非阿贝尔推广表现出不同的谱。我们得到了真正的(必要和充分的)非阿贝尔条件的两个模型从任意循环算子的交换性。在零能量下,模型是无间隙的,并且宿主Weyl和Dirac点受到内部和晶体对称性的保护。双(8倍),三(12倍)和四极(16倍)狄拉克点也出现,特别是在非阿贝尔势的相等跳跃相位。在其他填充物处,模型的间隙相产生$\mathbb{Z}_2$拓扑绝缘体。最后,我们讨论了在光子平台上实验实现模型的可能方案。

英文摘要:

The Hofstadter model, well-known for its fractal butterfly spectrum, describes two-dimensional electrons under a perpendicular magnetic field, which gives rise to the integer quantum hall effect. Inspired by the real-space building blocks of non-Abelian gauge fields from a recent experiment [Science, 365, 1021 (2019)], we introduce and theoretically study two non-Abelian generalizations of the Hofstadter model. Each model describes two pairs of Hofstadter butterflies that are spin-orbit coupled. In contrast to the original Hofstadter model that can be equivalently studied in the Landau and symmetric gauges, the corresponding non-Abelian generalizations exhibit distinct spectra due to the non-commutativity of the gauge fields. We derive the genuine (necessary and sufficient) non-Abelian condition for the two models from the commutativity of their arbitrary loop operators. At zero energy, the models are gapless and host Weyl and Dirac points protected by internal and crystalline symmetries. Double (8-fold), triple (12-fold), and quadrupole (16-fold) Dirac points also emerge, especially under equal hopping phases of the non-Abelian potentials. At other fillings, the gapped phases of the models give rise to $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological insulators. We conclude by discussing possible schemes for the experimental realizations of the models in photonic platforms.

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