arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2109.08644cs.GTcs.AIcs.DM
收藏

将不可分割物品分配给策略性智能体:纯纳什均衡与公平性

Allocating Indivisible Goods to Strategic Agents: Pure Nash Equilibria and Fairness

School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Essex(埃塞克斯大学数学、统计与精算科学学院);Archimedes/Athena RC(阿基米德/雅典娜研究中心);Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool(利物浦大学计算机科学系);Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome(罗马大学计算机、控制与管理工程系);Input Output Global (IOG)(输入输出全球公司);Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学逻辑、语言与计算研究所)

Georgios Amanatidis, Georgios Birmpas, Federico Fusco, Philip Lazos, Stefano Leonardi, Rebecca Reiffenhäuser

AI总结:

本文研究策略性智能体间不可分割物品的公平分配,证明 Round-Robin 的纯纳什均衡分配满足 EF1,Plaut–Roughgarden 算法的均衡分配还满足 EFX 与最大最小份额公平性。

摘要:

我们考虑将一组不可分割物品公平分配给一组具有加性估值函数的策略性智能体的问题。我们假设不存在货币转移,因此在我们的设定中,机制是一种将智能体报告的价值——而非真实价值——作为输入的算法。我们的主要目标是探究是否存在这样的机制:它们对每个实例都具有纯纳什均衡,同时为对应于这些均衡的分配提供公平性保证。我们关注无嫉妒性的两种松弛形式,即至多一个物品的无嫉妒性(EF1)和至多任意物品的无嫉妒性(EFX),并对上述问题给出了肯定回答。具体而言,我们研究了两种已知在非策略性设定下能够产生此类分配的算法:Round-Robin(对任意数量的智能体产生 EF1 分配)以及 Plaut 和 Roughgarden 的一种切分并选择算法(发表于《SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics》,2020年;为两个智能体产生 EFX 分配)。对于 Round-Robin,我们证明其所有纯纳什均衡所诱导的分配,相对于底层真实价值而言均为 EF1;而对于 Plaut 和 Roughgarden 的算法,我们证明相应分配不仅满足 EFX,还满足最大最小份额公平性,这一点在该算法的非策略性设定中并不成立!此外,我们证明,对于任何面向两个智能体、始终拥有全部诱导 EFX 分配的纯纳什均衡的机制,后一结果的一个较弱版本均成立。

英文摘要:

We consider the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods to a set of strategic agents with additive valuation functions. We assume no monetary transfers and, therefore, a mechanism in our setting is an algorithm that takes as input the reported -- rather than the true -- values of the agents. Our main goal is to explore whether there exist mechanisms that have pure Nash equilibria for every instance and, at the same time, provide fairness guarantees for the allocations that correspond to these equilibria. We focus on two relaxations of envy-freeness, namely envy-freeness up to one good (EF1), and envy-freeness up to any good (EFX), and we positively answer the above question. In particular, we study two algorithms that are known to produce such allocations in the non-strategic setting: Round-Robin (EF1 allocations for any number of agents) and a cut-and-choose algorithm of Plaut and Roughgarden [SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics, 2020] (EFX allocations for two agents). For Round-Robin we show that all of its pure Nash equilibria induce allocations that are EF1 with respect to the underlying true values, while for the algorithm of Plaut and Roughgarden we show that the corresponding allocations not only are EFX but also satisfy maximin share fairness, something that is not true for this algorithm in the non-strategic setting! Further, we show that a weaker version of the latter result holds for any mechanism for two agents that always has pure Nash equilibria which all induce EFX allocations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑