In this article we consider two particular examples of general construction proposed in arXiv:2012.15529. We consider the integrable extensions of the classical elliptic Calogero-Moser model of N particles with spin and the integrable Euler-Arnold top related to the group SL(N,C). The extended systems has additional N-1 degrees of freedom and can be described in terms of the Darboux variables.
We examine the group theoretical reason why various two dimensional statistical integrable models, such as the Ising model, the chiral Potts model and the Belavin model, becomes integrable. The symmetry of these integrable models is SU(2) and the Boltzmann weight can be parametrized by the elliptic function in many cases. In this paper, we examine the connection between the SU(2) symmetry and the elliptic function in the statistical integrable models.
We propose relativistic generalization of integrable systems describing $M$ interacting elliptic ${\rm gl}(N)$ tops of the Euler-Arnold type. The obtained models are elliptic integrable systems, which reproduce the spin elliptic ${\rm GL}(M)$ Ruijsenaars-Schneider model for $N=1$ case, while in the $M=1$ case they turn into relativistic integrable ${\rm GL}(N)$ elliptic tops. The Lax pairs with spectral parameter on elliptic curve are constructed.
We review elliptic solutions to integrable nonlinear partial differential and difference equations (KP, mKP, BKP, Toda) and derive equations of motion for poles of the solutions. The pole dynamics is given by an integrable many-body system (Calogero-Moser, Ruijsenaars-Schneider). The basic tool is the auxiliary linear problems for the wave function which yield equations of motion together with their Lax representation. We also discuss integrals of motion and properties of the spectral curves.
We show that the dispersionless limits of the Pfaff-KP (also known as the DKP or Pfaff lattice) and the Pfaff-Toda hierarchies admit a reformulation through elliptic functions. In the elliptic form they look like natural elliptic deformations of the KP and 2D Toda hierarchy respectively.
We construct the orthogonal eigenbasis for a discrete elliptic Ruijsenaars type quantum particle Hamiltonian with hyperoctahedral symmetry. In the trigonometric limit the eigenfunctions in question recover a previously studied $q$-Racah type reduction of the Koornwinder-Macdonald polynomials. When the inter-particle interaction degenerates to that of impenetrable bosons, the orthogonal eigenbasis simplifies in terms of generalized Schur polynomials on the spectrum associated with recently found elliptic Racah polynomials.
We investigate the elliptic integrable model introduced by Deguchi and Martin, which is an elliptic extension of the Perk-Schultz model. We introduce and study a class of partition functions of the elliptic model by using the Izergin-Korepin analysis. We show that the partition functions are expressed as a product of elliptic factors and elliptic Schur-type symmetric functions. This result resembles the recent works by number theorists in which the correspondence between the partition functions of trigonometric models and the product of the deformed Vandermonde determinant and Schur functions …
Structure and properties of families of critical points for classes of functions $W(z,\bar{z})$ obeying the elliptic Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation $E(1/2,1/2)$ are studied. General variational and differential equations governing the dependence of critical points in variational (deformation) parameters are found. Explicit examples of the corresponding integrable quasi-linear differential systems and hierarchies are presented There are the extended dispersionless Toda/nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchies, the "inverse" hierarchy and equations associated with the real-analytic Eisenstein series $E…
Integrable open elliptic Toda chain with boundaries
Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院斯捷克洛夫数学研究所）；Institute for Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学理论与数学物理研究所）
We present a systematic technique to find explicit solutions of birational maps, provided that these solutions are given in terms of elliptic functions. The two main ingredients are: (i) application of classical addition theorems for elliptic functions, and (ii) experimental technique to detect an algebraic curve containing a given sequence of points in a plane. These methods are applied to Kahan-Hirota-Kimura discretizations of the periodic Volterra chains with 3 and 4 particles.
A 2+1-dimensional anisentropic magnetogasdynamic system with a polytropic gas law is shown to admit an integrable elliptic vortex reduction when $γ=2$ to a nonlinear dynamical subsystem with underlying integrable Hamiltonian-Ermakov structure. Exact solutions of the magnetogasdynamic system are thereby obtained which describe a rotating elliptic plasma cylinder. The semi-axes of the elliptical cross-section, remarkably, satisfy a Ermakov-Ray-Reid system.
An old conjecture claims that commuting Hamiltonians of the double-elliptic integrable system are constructed from the theta-functions associated with Riemann surfaces from the Seiberg-Witten family, with moduli treated as dynamical variables and the Seiberg-Witten differential providing the pre-symplectic structure. We describe a number of theta-constant equations needed to prove this conjecture for the $N$-particle system. These equations provide an alternative method to derive the Seiberg-Witten prepotential and we illustrate this by calculating the perturbative contribution. We provide evi…
We claim that some non-trivial theta-function identities at higher genus can stand behind the Poisson commutativity of the Hamiltonians of elliptic integrable systems, which are made from the theta-functions on Jacobians of the Seiberg-Witten curves. For the case of three-particle systems the genus-2 identities are found and presented in the paper. The connection with the Macdonald identities is established. The genus-2 theta-function identities provide the direct way to construct the Poisson structure in terms of the coordinates on the Jacobian of the spectral curve and the elements of its pe…
We discuss the 4-dimensional Hamiltonian systems that describe waves over underwater banks and ridges. The systems are exactly integrable in terms of elliptic functions and of solutions to nontrivial transcendental equations involving the elliptic integrals (Weierstrass' $ζ$-function).
The infinite number of particles limit in the dual to elliptic Ruijsenaars model (coordinate trigonometric degeneration of quantum double elliptic model) is proposed using the Nazarov-Sklyanin approach. For this purpose we describe double-elliptization of the Cherednik construction. Namely, we derive explicit expression in terms of the Cherednik operators, which reduces to the generating function of Dell commuting Hamiltonians on the space of symmetric functions. Although the double elliptic Cherednik operators do not commute, they can be used for construction of the $N\rightarrow \infty$ limi…
Using the intertwining matrix of the IRF-Vertex correspondence we propose a determinant representation for the generating function of the commuting Hamiltonians of the double elliptic integrable system. More precisely, it is a ratio of the normally ordered determinants, which turns into a single determinant in the classical case. With its help we reproduce the recently suggested expression for the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonians for the dual to elliptic Ruijsenaars model. Next, we study the classical counterpart of our construction, which gives expression for the spectral curve and the corresp…
We introduce a so-called `coprimeness-preserving non-integrable' extension (another terminology is `quasi-integrable' extension) to the two-dimensional Toda lattice equation. We believe that this equation is the first example of such discrete equation defined over a three-dimensional lattice. We prove that all the iterates of the equation are irreducible Laurent polynomials of the initial data and that every pair of two iterates is co-prime, which indicate confined singularities of the equation. By reducing the equation to two- or one-dimensional lattices, we obtain coprimeness-preserving non-…
We construct integrable pseudopotentials with an arbitrary number of fields in terms of elliptic generalization of hypergeometric functions in several variables. These pseudopotentials yield some integrable (2+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic type systems. An interesting class of integrable (1+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic type systems is also generated by our pseudopotentials.
It was demonstrated recently [Dunajski, Ferapontov and Kruglikov (2014)] that the Manakov-Santini system describes a local form of general Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl geometry. We introduce integrable matrix extension of the Manakov-Santini system and show that it describes (2+1)-dimensional integrable chiral model in Einstein-Weyl space. We develop a dressing scheme for the extended MS system and define an extended hierarchy. Matrix extension of Toda type system connected with another local form of Einstein-Weyl geometry is also considered.
In this paper we suggest generalizations of elliptic integrable tops to matrix-valued variables. Our consideration is based on $R$-matrix description which provides Lax pairs in terms of quantum and classical $R$-matrices. First, we prove that for relativistic (and non-relativistic) tops such Lax pairs with spectral parameter follow from the associative Yang-Baxter equation and its degenerations. Then we proceed to matrix extensions of the models and find out that some additional constraints are required for their construction. We describe a matrix version of ${\mathbb Z}_2$ reduced elliptic t…
General reduction of the elliptic hypergeometric equation to the level of complex hypergeometric functions is described. The derived equation is generalized to the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem for new rational integrable $N$-body systems emerging from particular degenerations of the elliptic Ruijsenaars and van Diejen models.
We study certain extensions of the Adler map on Grassmann algebras $Γ(n)$ of order $n$. We consider a known Grassmann-extended Adler map, and assuming that $n=1$ we obtain a commutative extension of Adler's map in six dimensions. We show that the map satisfies the Yang--Baxter equation, admits three invariants and is Liouville integrable. We solve the map explicitly, viewed as a discrete dynamical system.
We classify two dimensional integrable mappings by investigating the actions on the fiber space of rational elliptic surfaces. While the QRT mappings can be restricted on each fiber, there exist several classes of integrable mappings which exchange fibers. We also show an equivalent condition when a generalized Halphen surface becomes a Halphen surface of index m.
We give a review of the systematic construction of hierarchies of soliton flows and integrable elliptic equations associated to a complex semi-simple Lie algebra and finite order automorphisms. For example, the non-linear Schrödinger equation, the n-wave equation, and the sigma-model are soliton flows; and the equation for harmonic maps from the plane to a compact Lie group, for primitive maps from the plane to a $k$-symmetric space, and constant mean curvature surfaces and isothermic surfaces in space forms are integrable elliptic systems. We also give a survey of (i) construction of solution…
We present an elementary introduction to the construction of integrable models on hyper-elliptic surfaces for non specialists; also, we present some of the details of the paper `solv-int/9504002' for the more interested readers. (Based on a talk given at the MRST 95 meeting by C. E.)
We show that one-variable reductions of the Pfaff-Toda integrable hierarchy in the dispersionless limit are described by a system of coupled elliptic Löwner (Komatu-Goluzin) equations.
We demonstrate the common bihamiltonian nature of several integrable systems. The first one is an elliptic rotator that is an integrable Euler-Arnold top on the complex group GL(N) for any $N$, whose inertia ellipsiod is related to a choice of an elliptic curve. Its bihamiltonian structure is provided by the compatible linear and quadratic Poisson brackets, both of which are governed by the Belavin-Drinfeld classical elliptic $r$-matrix. We also generalize this bihamiltonian construction of integrable Euler-Arnold tops to several infinite-dimensional groups, appearing as certain large $N$ limi…
We investigate the solutions to open WDVV equation, associated to type A and D Dubrovin-Frobenius manifolds. We show that these solutions satisfy some stabilization condition and associate to both of them the systems of commuting PDEs. In the type A we show that the system of PDEs constructed coincides with the dispersionless modifiled KP hierarchy written in the Fay form.
We describe integrable elliptic q-deformed anisotropic long-range spin chain. The derivation is based on our recent construction for commuting anisotropic elliptic spin Ruijsenaars-Macdonald operators. We prove that the Polychronakos freezing trick can be applied to these operators, thus providing the commuting set of Hamiltonians for long-range spin chain constructed by means of the elliptic Baxter-Belavin ${\rm GL}_M$ $R$-matrix. Namely, we show that the freezing trick is reduced to a set of elliptic function identities, which are then proved. These identities can be treated as conditions fo…
We present a tropical geometric description of a piecewise linear map whose invariant curve is a concave polygon. In contrast to convex polygons, a concave one is not directly related to tropical geometry; nevertheless the description is given in terms of the addition formula of a tropical elliptic curve. We show that the map is arising from a pair of tropical elliptic pencils each member of which is the invariant curve of the ultradiscrete QRT map.
We propose a construction of 1+1 integrable Heisenberg-Landau-Lifshitz type equations in the ${\rm gl}_N$ case. The dynamical variables are matrix elements of $N\times N$ matrix $S$ with the property $S^2={\rm const}\cdot S$. The Lax pair with spectral parameter is constructed by means of a quantum $R$-matrix satisfying the associative Yang-Baxter equation. Equations of motion for ${\rm gl}_N$ Landau-Lifshitz model are derived from the Zakharov-Shabat equations. The model is simplified when ${\rm rank}(S)=1$. In this case the Hamiltonian description is suggested. The described family of models…
The Heun equation can be rewritten as an eigenvalue equation for an ordinary differential operator of the form $-d^2/dx^2+V(g;x)$, where the potential is an elliptic function depending on a coupling vector $g\in{\mathbb R}^4$. Alternatively, this operator arises from the $BC_1$ specialization of the $BC_N$ elliptic nonrelativistic Calogero-Moser system (a.k.a. the Inozemtsev system). Under suitable restrictions on the elliptic periods and on $g$, we associate to this operator a self-adjoint operator $H(g)$ on the Hilbert space ${\mathcal H}=L^2([0,ω_1],dx)$, where $2ω_1$ is the real period of …
In this letter, we continue the work we started at a previous paper and we propose new series of integrable models in quantum field theory. These models are obtained as perturbed models of the minimal conformal field theories on the hyper-elliptic surfaces by particular relevant operators of the untwisted sector. The quantum group symmetry of the models is also discussed.
We consider a large $N$ limit of the Hitchin type integrable systems. The first system is the elliptic rotator on $GL_N$ that corresponds to the Higgs bundle of degree one over an elliptic curve with a marked point. This system is gauge equivalent to the $N$-body elliptic Calogero-Moser system, that is derived from the Higgs bundle of degree zero over the same curve. The large $N$ limit of the former system is the integrable rotator on the group of the non-commutative torus. Its classical limit leads to the integrable modification of 2d hydrodynamics on the two-dimensional torus. We also consi…
Integrable hierarchies with zero dispersion and elliptic curves
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology（斯科尔科沃科学技术研究所）；National Research University Higher School of Economics（国立研究高等经济学院）；NRC “Kurchatov institute”（库尔恰托夫国家研究中心）
In the present paper we prove the integrability (in the sense of existence of formal symmetry of infinite rank) for a class of block-triangular inhomogeneous extensions of (1+1)-dimensional integrable evolution systems. An important consequence of this result is the existence of formal symmetry of infinite rank for "almost integrable" systems, recently discovered by Sanders and van der Kamp.
We present the analogue, for an arbitrary complex reductive group G, of the elliptic integrable systems of Sklyanin. The Sklyanin integrable systems were originally constructed on symplectic leaves, of a quadratic Poisson structure, on a loop group of type A. The phase space, of our integrable systems, is a group-like analogue of the Hitchin system over an elliptic curve E. We consider the moduli space of pairs (P,f), where P is a principal G-bundle on E, and f is a meromorphic section of the adjoint group bundle. We show: 1) The moduli space admits an algebraic Poisson structure. It is relate…
We consistently develop a recently proposed scheme of matrix extension of dispersionless integrable systems for the general case of multidimensional hierarchies, concentrating on the case of dimension $d\geqslant 4$. We present extended Lax pairs, Lax-Sato equations, matrix equations on the background of vector fields and the dressing scheme. Reductions, construction of solutions and connections to geometry are discussed. We consider separately a case of Abelian extension, for which the Riemann-Hilbert equations of the dressing scheme are explicitly solvable and give an analogue of Penrose for…
In this paper, we investigate a nonlinear non-autonomous elliptic difference equation, which was constructed by Ramani, Carstea and Grammaticos by integrable deautonomization of a periodic reduction of the discrete Krichever-Novikov equation, or Q4. We show how to construct it as a birational mapping on a rational surface blown up at eight points in $\mathbb P^1\times \mathbb P^1$, and find its affine Weyl symmetry, placing it in the geometric framework of the Painlevé equations. The initial value space is ell-$A_0^{(1)}$ and its symmetry group is $W(F_4^{(1)})$. We show that the deautonomizat…
There exist two versions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, related to the Cartesian and cylindrical geometries of the waves. In this paper we derive and study a new version, related to the elliptic cylindrical geometry. The derivation is given in the context of surface waves, but the derived equation is a universal integrable model applicable to generic weakly-nonlinear weakly-dispersive waves. We also show that there exist nontrivial transformations between all three versions of the KP equation associated with the physical problem formulation, and use them to obtain new classes of appro…
We consider billiard systems within compact domains bounded by confocal conics on a hyperboloid of one sheet in the Minkowski space. We derive conditions for elliptic periodicity for such billiards. We describe the topology of those billiard systems in terms of Fomenko invariants. We provide then periodicity conditions in terms of functional Pell equations and related extremal polynomials. Several examples are computed in terms of elliptic functions and classical Chebyshev and Zolotarev polynomials, as extremal polynomials over one or two intervals. These results are contrasted with the cases …
We construct new integrable coupled systems of N=1 supersymmetric equations and present integrable fermionic extensions of the Burgers and Boussinesq equations. Existence of infinitely many higher symmetries is demonstrated by the presence of recursion operators. Various algebraic methods are applied to the analysis of symmetries, conservation laws, recursion operators, and Hamiltonian structures. A fermionic extension of the Burgers equation is related with the Burgers flows on associative algebras. A Gardner's deformation is found for the bosonic super-field dispersionless Boussinesq equatio…
A new approach to discretization of the Duffing equation is presented. Integrable discrete maps are obtained by using well-studied encrypting operations in elliptic curve cryptography and, therefore, they do not depend upon standard small parameter assumption.
We propose a nonlinear $σ$-model in a curved space as a general integrable elliptic model. We construct its exact solutions and obtain energy estimates near the critical point. We consider the Pohlmeyer transformation in Euclidean space and investigate the gauge equivalence conditions for a broad class of elliptic equations. We develop the inverse scattering transform method for the $\sinh$-Gordon equation and evaluate its exact and asymptotic solutions.
A new class of $A^{(1)}_n$ integrable lattice models is presented. These are interaction-round-a-face models based on fundamental nimrep graphs associated with the $A^{(1)}_n$ conjugate modular invariants, there being a model for each value of the rank and level. The Boltzmann weights are parameterized by elliptic theta functions and satisfy the Yang-Baxter equation for any fixed value of the elliptic nome q. At q=0, the models provide representations of the Hecke algebra and are expected to lead in the continuum limit to coset conformal field theories related to the $A^{(1)}_n$ conjugate modu…
The classification of lattice equations that are integrable in the sense of higher-dimensional consistency is extended by allowing directed edges. We find two cases that are not transformable via the 'admissible transformations' to the lattice equations in the existing classification.
We derive a dispersionless integrable system describing a local form of a general three-dimensional Einstein-Weyl geometry with an Euclidean (positive) signature, construct its matrix extension and demonstrate that it leads to the Bogomolny equations for a non-abelian monopole on an Einstein-Weyl geometry background. The corresponding dispersionless integrable hierarchy, its matrix extension and the dressing scheme are also considered.
We analyze the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) for various integrable S-matrices in the context of generalized $T\bar T$ deformations. We focus on the sinh-Gordon model and its elliptic deformation in both its fermionic and bosonic realizations. We confirm that the determining factor for a turning point in the TBA, interpreted as a finite Hagedorn temperature, is the difference between the number of bound states and resonances in the theory. Implementing the numerical pseudo-arclength continuation method, we are able to follow the solutions to the TBA equations past the turning point all the …
The 'relativistic' Heun equation is an 8-coupling difference equation that generalizes the 4-coupling Heun differential equation. It can be viewed as the time-independent Schrödinger equation for an analytic difference operator introduced by van Diejen. We study Hilbert space features of this operator and its 'modular partner', based on an in-depth analysis of the eigenvectors of a Hilbert-Schmidt integral operator whose integral kernel has a previously known relation to the two difference operators. With suitable restrictions on the parameters, we show that the commuting difference operators …
This paper connects the quadrirational Yang-Baxter maps, which are two-dimensional integrable discrete systems of KdV type, and the elliptic Cremona system, which is a higher analogue of discrete Painlevé equations associated with $\tilde{E}_8$ symmetry. This is a natural connection between integrable systems in different dimensions that is outside of the usual paradigm of reductions. Our approach is based on formulation of both systems in terms of birational Coxeter groups.
We preesent a new supersymmetric integrable extensions of the a=4,N=2 KdV hierarchy. The root of the supersymmetric Lax operator of the KdV equation is generalized, by including additional fields. This generalized root generate new hierarchy of integrable equations, for which we investigate the hamiltonian structure. In special case our system describes the interaction of the KdV equation with the two MKdV equations.
We generalize our analysis in [arXiv:1301.1977], and show that a 5d and 6d AGT correspondence for SU(N) -- which essentially relates the relevant 5d and 6d Nekrasov instanton partition functions to the integrable representations of a q-deformed and elliptic affine W_N-algebra -- can be derived, purely physically, from the principle that the spacetime BPS spectra of string-dual M-theory compactifications ought to be equivalent. Via an appropriate defect, we also derive a "fully-ramified" version of the 5d and 6d AGT correspondence where integrable representations of a quantum and elliptic affin…
