arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2006.02639physics.ins-det
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X射线像素探测器片上数字数据压缩策略

Strategies for on-chip digital data compression for X-ray pixel detectors

Mike Hammer, Kazutomo Yoshii, Antonino Miceli

摘要:

对具有更高帧速率的X射线像素检测器的持续需求将强调专用集成电路(ASIC)设计者提供足够的片外带宽以达到1 MHz范围中的连续帧速率的能力。为了从当前的10 kHz帧速率过渡到1 MHz帧速率,ASIC设计人员将继续在ASIC的外围封装尽可能多的高功耗高速收发器。然而,在本文中,我们提出了新的策略,使最有效地利用片外带宽,利用数据压缩计划的X射线光子计数和电荷积分像素探测器。特别是,我们描述了一种新的像素内压缩方案,从模拟到数字转换器单元转换到光子泊松噪声水平附近的编码光子计数,并实现独立于数据集的$>\!1.5\times$的压缩比。此外,我们描述了一个简单而有效的零抑制压缩方案,称为“零掩码”(ZM)位于ASIC的边缘,然后将数据流从ASIC芯片。ZM分别实现了高能X射线衍射、重叠关联成像和X射线光子相关光谱数据集的$>\!4\times$、$>\!7\times$和$>\!8\times$的平均压缩比。我们提出的概念设计,寄存器传输级框图,这些压缩方案在65纳米CMOS的物理ASIC实现。当组合时,这两种数字压缩方案可以将有效片外带宽增加6-12倍$\times$。

英文摘要:

The continued desire for X-ray pixel detectors with higher frame rates will stress the ability of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designers to provide sufficient off-chip bandwidth to reach continuous frame rates in the 1 MHz regime. To move from the current 10 kHz to the 1 MHz frame rate regime, ASIC designers will continue to pack as many power-hungry high-speed transceivers at the periphery of the ASIC as possible. In this paper, however, we present new strategies to make the most efficient use of the off-chip bandwidth by utilizing data compression schemes for X-ray photon-counting and charge-integrating pixel detectors. In particular, we describe a novel in-pixel compression scheme that converts from analog to digital converter units to encoded photon counts near the photon Poisson noise level and achieves a compression ratio of $>\!1.5\times$ independent of the dataset. In addition, we describe a simple yet efficient zero-suppression compression scheme called ``zeromask'' (ZM) located at the ASIC's edge before streaming data off the ASIC chip. ZM achieves average compression ratios of $>\!4\times$, $>\!7\times$, and $>\!8\times$ for high-energy X-ray diffraction, ptychography, and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy datasets, respectively. We present the conceptual designs, register-transfer level block diagrams, and the physical ASIC implementation of these compression schemes in 65-nm CMOS. When combined, these two digital compression schemes could increase the effective off-chip bandwidth by a factor of 6-12$\times$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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