Conformal field theory has recently been applied to derive few-body Hamiltonians whose ground states are lattice versions of fractional quantum Hall states. The exact lattice models involve interactions over long distances, which is difficult to realize in experiments. It seems, however, that such long-range interactions should not be necessary, as the correlations decay exponentially in the bulk. This poses the question, whether the Hamiltonians can be truncated to contain only local interactions without changing the physics of the ground state. Previous studies have in a couple of cases with particularly much symmetry obtained such local Hamiltonians by keeping only a few local terms and numerically optimizing the coefficients. Here, we investigate a different strategy to construct truncated Hamiltonians, which does not rely on optimization, and which can be applied independent of the choice of lattice. We test the approach on two models with bosonic Laughlin-like ground states with filling factor $1/2$ and $1/4$, respectively. We first investigate how the coupling strengths in the exact Hamiltonians depend on distance, and then we study the truncated models. For the case of $1/2$ filling, we find that the truncated model with truncation radius $\sqrt{2}$ lattice constants on the square lattice and $1$ lattice constant on the triangular lattice has an approximate twofold ground state degeneracy on the torus, and the overlap per site between these states and the states constructed from conformal field theory is higher than $0.99$ for the lattices considered. For the model at $1/4$ filling, our results give some hints that a truncation radius of $\sqrt{5}$ on the square lattice and $\sqrt{7}$ on the triangular lattice might be enough, but the finite size effects are too large to judge whether the topology is, indeed, present in the thermodynamic limit.
We set up and analyze the lightcone Hamiltonian for an abelian Chern-Simons field coupled to $N_f$ fermions in the limit of large $N_f$ using conformal truncation, i.e. with a truncated space of states corresponding to primary operators with dimension below a maximum cutoff $Δ_{\rm max}$. In both the Chern-Simons theory, and in the $O(N)$ model at infinite $N$, we compute the current spectral functions analytically as a function of $Δ_{\rm max}$ and reproduce previous results in the limit that the truncation $Δ_{\rm max}$ is taken to $\infty$. Along the way, we determine how to preserve gauge …
We show that model states of fractional quantum Hall fluids at all experimentally detected plateau can be uniquely determined by imposing translational invariance with a particular scheme of Hilbert space truncation motivated from physical local measurements. The scheme allows us to identify filling factors, topological shifts and pairing/clustering of topological quantum fluids unambiguously in a universal way without resorting to microscopic Hamiltonians. This prompts us to propose the notion of emergent commensurability as a fundamental property for at least most of the known FQH states, wh…
We present a new framework for studying conformal field theories deformed by one or more relevant operators. The original CFT is described in infinite volume using a basis of states with definite momentum, $P$, and conformal Casimir, $\mathcal{C}$. The relevant deformation is then considered using lightcone quantization, with the resulting Hamiltonian expressed in terms of this CFT basis. Truncating to states with $\mathcal{C} \leq \mathcal{C}_{\max}$, one can numerically find the resulting spectrum, as well as other dynamical quantities, such as spectral densities of operators. This method re…
We use the method of Lightcone Conformal Truncation (LCT) to obtain form factors and spectral densities of local operators $\mathcal{O}$ in $ϕ^4$ theory in two dimensions. We show how to use the Hamiltonian eigenstates from LCT to obtain form factors that are matrix elements of a local operator $\mathcal{O}$ between single-particle bra and ket states, and we develop methods that significantly reduce errors resulting from the finite truncation of the Hilbert space. We extrapolate these form factors as a function of momentum to the regime where, by crossing symmetry, they are form factors of $\m…
We both review and augment the lightcone conformal truncation (LCT) method. LCT is a Hamiltonian truncation method for calculating dynamical quantities in QFT in infinite volume. This document is a self-contained, pedagogical introduction and "how-to" manual for LCT. We focus on 2D QFTs which have UV descriptions as free CFTs containing scalars, fermions, and gauge fields, providing a rich starting arena for LCT applications. Along our way, we develop several new techniques and innovations that greatly enhance the efficiency and applicability of LCT. These include the development of CFT radial…
We show that quantum Hall states on surfaces with conical singularities behave as conformal primaries near the singular points, with a conformal dimension controlled by the gravitational anomaly. We show that the electronic fluid at the cone tip possesses an intrinsic angular momentum equal to the conformal dimension, in units of the Planck constant. Finally, we argue that the gravitational anomaly also controls { the fine structure of electronic density at the tip, and } the exchange statistics of cones in the Laughlin states, arising from adiabatically braiding conical singularities. Thus, t…
The fractional quantum Hall effect is the paradigmatic example of topologically ordered phases. One of its most fascinating aspects is the large variety of different topological orders that may be realized, in particular nonabelian ones. Here we analyze a class of nonabelian fractional quantum Hall model states which are generalizations of the abelian Haldane-Halperin hierarchy. We derive their topological properties and show that the quasiparticles obey nonabelian fusion rules of type su(q)_k. For a subset of these states we are able to derive the conformal field theory description that makes…
Quantum Hall matrix models are simple, solvable quantum mechanical systems which capture the physics of certain fractional quantum Hall states. Recently, it was shown that the Hall viscosity can be extracted from the matrix model for Laughlin states. Here we extend this calculation to the matrix models for a class of non-Abelian quantum Hall states. These states, which were previously introduced by Blok and Wen, arise from the conformal blocks of Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory models. We show that the Hall viscosity computed from the matrix model coincides with a result of Read, in …
In this paper, a series of $ν=2/5$ fractional quantum Hall wave functions are constructed from conformal field theory(CFT). They share the same topological properties with states constructed by Jain's composite fermion approach. Upon exact lowest Landau level(LLL) projection, some of Jain composite fermion states would not survive if constraints on Landau level indices given in the appendices of this paper were not satisfied. By contrast, states constructed from CFT always stay in LLL. These states are characterized by different topological shifts and multibody relative angular momenta. As a b…
In [Can et al. 2016], quantum Hall states on singular surfaces were shown to possess an emergent conformal symmetry. In this paper, we develop this idea further and flesh out details on the emergent conformal symmetry in holomorphic adiabatic states, which we define in the paper. We highlight the connection between the universal features of geometric transport of quantum Hall states and holomorphic dimension of primary fields in conformal field theory. In parallel we compute the universal finite-size corrections to the free energy of a critical system on a hyperbolic sphere with conical and cu…
We search for short-range Hamiltonians of finite spin-1 kagome systems, maximizing the overlaps with lattice Moore-Read states. Our starting point is an exact, long-range parent Hamiltonian for such a state on a finite plane, obtained from conformal field theory. A truncation procedure is applied to it, which retains only short-range terms and makes it easy to define the Hamiltonian on a torus. Finally, the remaining coefficients are optimized, to yield maximized overlaps between exact diagonalization results and model ground states. In the best cases, these overlaps exceed 0.9 and 0.8 for the…
Conformal field theory approach to gapless 1D fermion systems and application to the edge excitations of nu = 1/(2p+1) quantum Hall sequences
我们提出了一个全面的研究有效的共形场论（CFT）描述的低能量激发的气体无自旋相互作用费米子在一个圆上的无隙制度（Luttinger液体）。函数技术和模块化的转换属性被用来计算所有的关联函数在有限的大小和在有限的温度。前向散射无序被精确地处理。在此框架内，电荷输运的量子霍尔流体的圆柱上的Laughlin实验进行了审查。边缘激发以上一个给定的体激发描述的扭曲版本的Luttinger有效理论。对应于nu =1/（2 p +1）填充分数的Luttinger CFTs似乎是有理CFTs（RCFT）。生成器的扩展对称代数被确定为边缘费米子的创造者和零化子，从而给出了一个物理意义的RCFT的角度来看，这些序列的边缘激发。
The description of chiral quantum incompressible fluids by the W-infinity symmetry can be extended from the edge, where it encompasses the conformal field theory approach, to the non-conformal bulk. The two regimes are characterized by excitations with different sizes, energies and momenta within the disk geometry. In particular, the bulk quantities have a finite limit for large droplets. We obtain analytic results for the radial shape of excitations, the edge reconstruction phenomenon and the energy spectrum of density fluctuations in Laughlin states.
We propose a Ginzburg-Landau theory for a large and important part of the abelian quantum Hall hierarchy, including the prominently observed Jain sequences. By a generalized "flux attachment" construction we extend the Ginzburg-Landau-Chern-Simons composite boson theory to states obtained by both quasielectron and quasihole condensation, and express the corresponding wave functions as correlators in conformal field theories. This yields a precise identification of the relativistic scalar fields entering these correlators in terms of the original electron field.
We consider the behaviour of quantum Hall edges away from the Luttinger liquid fixed point that occurs in the low energy, large system limit. Using the close links between quantum Hall wavefunctions and conformal field theories we construct effective Hamiltonians from general principles and then constrain their forms by considering the effect of bulk symmetries on the properties of the edge. In examining the effect of bulk interactions on this edge we find remarkable simplifications to these effective theories which allow for a very accurate description of the low-energy physics of quantum Hal…
Certain fractional quantum Hall wavefunctions -- particularly including the Laughlin, Moore-Read, and Read-Rezayi wavefunctions -- have special structure that makes them amenable to analysis using an exeptionally wide range of techniques including conformal field theory (CFT), thin cylinder or torus limit, study of symmetric polynomials and Jack polynomials, and so-called ``special" parent Hamiltonians. This review discusses these techniques as well as explaining to what degree some other quantum Hall wavefunctions share this special structure. Along the way we will explore the physics of quan…
We combine the methods of Hamiltonian Truncation and the recently proposed generalisation of the S-matrix bootstrap that includes local operators to determine the two-particle scattering amplitude and the two-particle form factor of the stress tensor at $s>0$ in the 2d $ϕ^4$ theory. We use the form factor of the stress tensor at $s\le 0$ and its spectral density computed using Lightcone Conformal Truncation (LCT), and inject them into the generalized S-matrix bootstrap set-up. The obtained results for the scattering amplitude and the form factor are fully reliable only in the elastic regime. W…
The holographic Weyl semimetal is a model of a strongly coupled topological semi-metal. A topological quantum phase transition separates a topological phase with non-vanishing anomalous Hall conductivity from a trivial state. We investigate how this phase transition depends on the parameters of the scalar potential (mass and quartic self coupling) finding that the quantum phase transition persists for a large region in parameter space. We then compute the axial Hall conductivity. The algebraic structure of the axial anomaly predicts it to be 1/3 of the electric Hall conductivity. We find that …
We use Lightcone Conformal Truncation (LCT) -- a version of Hamiltonian truncation -- to study the nonperturbative, real-time dynamics of $ϕ^4$-theory in 2+1 dimensions. This theory has UV divergences that need to be regulated. We review how, in a Hamiltonian framework with a total energy cutoff, renormalization is necessarily \emph{state-dependent}, and UV sensitivity cannot be canceled with standard local operator counterterms. To overcome this problem, we present a prescription for constructing the appropriate state-dependent counterterms for (2+1)d $ϕ^4$-theory in lightcone quantization. W…
Hall viscosity of the Laughlin state on noisy quantum computers
Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）；City College of the City University of New York（纽约市立学院）；Western Washington University（西华盛顿大学）；Graduate Center of City University of New York（纽约市立大学研究生中心）
New quantum phenomena are continuously being discovered in 2D systems. In particular, the charge density wave (CDW) has the aspect of a quantum crystal with a macroscopic wave function (order parameter), so unlike quantum liquids (superconductivity, quantum Hall liquids $^3$He, $^4$He), new ground states such as supersolid and Moiré solids can be expected. However, it is difficult to describe these states because of their quantum aspect, hence there is still no theory that can explain CDW phases in a unified way. The best way to describe a quantum crystal seems to be a conformal transformation…
Composite fermion wave functions as conformal field theory correlators
It is known that a subset of fractional quantum Hall wave functions has been expressed as conformal field theory (CFT) correlators, notably the Laughlin wave function at filling factor $ν=1/m$ ( $m$ odd) and its quasiholes, and the Pfaffian wave function at $ν=1/2$ and its quasiholes. We develop a general scheme for constructing composite-fermion (CF) wave functions from conformal field theory . Quasiparticles at $ν=1/m$ are created by inserting anyonic vertex operators, $P_{\frac{1}{m}}(z)$ , that replace a subset of the electron operators in the correlator. The one-quasiparticle wave functio…
Moore-Read Fractional Quantum Hall wavefunctions and SU(2) quiver gauge theories
在适当的质量和Ω-背景参数下，利用N=2超共形规范规范理论的瞬子划分，确定了描述分数量子Hall系统中非阿贝尔统计的Moore-Read波函数.这是通过将最近由Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa发现的SU（2）规范场/刘维场论对偶推广到有理共形场论而得到的。指出了Moore-Read Hall $n$体波函数与Z_n等变Donaldson多项式之间的直接联系。
Multifractality at the Integer Quantum Hall Transition: Acquittal of the Parabolic Law
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems（马克斯·普朗克复杂系统物理研究所）；School of Science, Constructor University（康斯特鲁克特大学理学院）；Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne（科隆大学理论物理研究所）
