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arXiv 1202.1571nlin.CD
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协变李雅普诺夫向量的局部化性质

Localization Properties of Covariant Lyapunov Vectors

Gary P. Morriss

摘要:

研究了准一维硬盘系统的李雅普诺夫指数谱和协变李雅普诺夫向量随密度和系统尺寸的变化。我们使用协变向量之间的角度分布和Gram-Schmidt和协变向量的局部化性质来表征系统。在低密度下,存在{ \it动力学机制},该机制对于部分谱的李雅普诺夫指数和平均局部化具有简单的标度性质。这种制度显示出强烈的本地化的第一Gram-Schmidt和协变向量的比例,这可以被理解为高度本地化的配置占主导地位的向量。相邻协变向量之间的角度分布具有取决于向量数的差异的特征形状,其在光谱的连续区域上变化。在稠密的气体或类似液体的密度下,协变矢量的行为是完全不同的。探讨了不稳定流形的不同组成部分之间以及稳定流形和不稳定流形之间相切的可能性,但对于一般的混沌轨迹,似乎不会发生精确的相切。

英文摘要:

The Lyapunov exponent spectrum and covariant Lyapunov vectors are studied for a quasi-one-dimensional system of hard disks as a function of density and system size. We characterize the system using the angle distributions between covariant vectors and the localization properties of both Gram-Schmidt and covariant vectors. At low density there is a {\it kinetic regime} that has simple scaling properties for the Lyapunov exponents and the average localization for part of the spectrum. This regime shows strong localization in a proportion of the first Gram-Schmidt and covariant vectors and this can be understood as highly localized configurations dominating the vector. The distribution of angles between neighbouring covariant vectors has characteristic shapes depending upon the difference in vector number, which vary over the continuous region of the spectrum. At dense gas or liquid like densities the behaviour of the covariant vectors are quite different. The possibility of tangencies between different components of the unstable manifold and between the stable and unstable manifolds is explored but it appears that exact tangencies do not occur for a generic chaotic trajectory.

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