We study the decomposition problem for tensor powers of $B_2$-fundamental modules. To solve this problem singular weight technique and injection fan algorithms are applied. Properties of multiplicity coefficients are formulated in terms of multiplicity functions. These functions are constructed showing explicitly the dependence of multiplicity coefficients on the highest weight coordinates and the tensor power parameter. It is thus possible to study general properties of multiplicity coefficients for powers of the fundamental $B_2$- modules.
By showing the compatibility of folding almost positive roots and folding cluster categories, we prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between seeds and tilting seeds in non-simply-laced finite cases.
Let G be a nonlinear double cover of the real points of a connected reductive complex algebraic group with simply laced root system. We establish a uniform character multiplicity duality theory for the category of Harish-Chandra modules for G.
The Morita equivalences of classical Brauer algebras and classical Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebras have been well studied. Here we study the Morita equivalence problems on these two kinds of algebras of simply-laced type, especially for them with the generic parameters. We show that Brauer algebras and Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebras of simply-laced type are Morita equivalent to the direct sums of some group algebras of Coxeter groups and some Hecke algebras of some Coxeter groups, respectively.
A notion of rank developed previously by the author is used to describe two correspondences which classify small unitary representations of split real forms of $E_6$ and $E_7$. The case of small principal series is studied in detail.
One aspect of the Langlands program for linear groups is lifting of characters, which relates virtual representations on a group $G$ with those on an endoscopic group for $G$. The goal of this paper is to extend this theory to nonlinear two-fold covers of real groups in the simply laced case. Suppose $\tG$ is a two-fold cover of a real reductive group $G$. The main result is that there is an operation, denoted $\Lift_G^{\tG}$, taking a stable virtual character of $G$ to 0 or a virtual genuine character of $\tG$, and $\Lift_G^{\tG}(Θ_π)$ may be explicitly computed if $π$ is a stable sum of stan…
We show the uniqueness and existence of the Euler form for a simply-laced generalized root system. This enables us to show that the Coxeter element for a simply-laced generalized root system is admissible in the sense of R.~W.~Carter. As an application, the isomorphism classes of simply-laced generalized root systems with positive definite Cartan forms are classified by Cartar's admissible diagrams associated to their Coxeter elements.
Let $\g$ be any simple Lie algebra over $\mathbb{C}$. Recall that there exists an embedding of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ into $\g$, called a principal TDS, passing through a principal nilpotent element of $\g$ and uniquely determined up to conjugation. Moreover, $\wedge (\g^*)^\g$ is freely generated (in the super-graded sense) by primitive elements $ω_1, \dots, ω_\ell$, where $\ell$ is the rank of $\g$. N. Hitchin conjectured that for any primitive element $ω\in \wedge^d (\g^*)^\g$, there exists an irreducible $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-submodule $V_ω\subset \g$ of dimension $d$ such that $ω$ is non-zero on t…
Hecke-Hopf algebras were defined by A. Berenstein and D. Kazhdan. We give an explicit presentation of an Hecke-Hopf algebra when the parameter $m_{ij},$ associated to any two distinct vertices $i$ and $j$ in the presentation of a Coxeter group, equals $4,$ $5$ or $6$. As an application, we give a proof of a conjecture of Berenstein and Kazhdan when the Coxeter group is crystallographic and non-simply-laced. As another application, we show that another conjecture of Berenstein and Kazhdan holds when $m_{ij},$ associated to any two distinct vertices $i$ and $j,$ equals $4$ and that the conjectur…
We establish, for all simply laced types, a q,t-character formula, first conjectured by Nakajima. It relates, on one hand, the structure of the $\ell$-weight spaces of standard modules regarded as modules over the Heisenberg subalgebra of some quantum affine algebra and, on the other hand, the t-dependence of their q,t-characters, as originally defined in terms of the Poincaré polynomials of certain Lagrangian subvarieties in quiver varieties of the corresponding simply laced type. Our proof is essentially geometric and generalizes to arbitrary simply laced types earlier representation theoret…
We generalize to the non simply-laced case results of Geiß, Leclerc and Schröer about the cluster structure of the coordinate ring of the maximal unipotent subgroups of simple Lie groups. In this way, cluster structures in the non simply-laced case can be seen as projections of cluster structures in the simply-laced case. This allows us to prove that cluster monomials are linearly independent in the non simply-laced case.
We show that every Weyl module for a current algebra has a filtration whose successive quotients are isomorphic to Demazure modules, and that the path model for a tensor product of level zero fundamental representations is isomorphic to a disjoint union of Demazure crystals. Moreover, we show that the Demazure modules appearing in these two objects coincide exactly. Though these results have been previously known in the simply laced case, they are new in the non-simply laced case.
In this paper, we will define the Brauer algebras of Weyl types, and describe some propositions of these algebras. Especially, we prove the result of type $G_2$ to accomplish our project of Brauer algebras of non-simply laced types.
Let W be a Weyl group whose type is a simply laced Dynkin diagram. On several W-orbits of sets of mutually commuting reflections, a poset is described which plays a role in linear representatons of the corresponding Artin group A. The poset generalizes many properties of the usual order on positive roots of W given by height. In this paper, a linear representation of the positive monoid of A is defined by use of the poset.
This paper investigates a non simply-laced version of cluster structures for 2-Calabi-Yau or stably 2-Calabi-Yau categories over arbitrary fields. It results that 2-Calabi-Yau or stably 2-Calabi-Yau categories having a cluster tilting subcategory with neither loops nor 2-cycles do have the generalized version of cluster structure. This is in particular the case of cluster categories over non-algebraically closed fields.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite simply-laced type simple Lie algebra. Baumann-Kamnitzer-Knutson recently defined an algebra morphism $\overline{D}$ on the coordinate ring $\mathbb{C}[N]$ related to Brion's equivariant multiplicities via the geometric Satake correspondence. This map is known to take distinguished values on the elements of the MV basis corresponding to smooth MV cycles, as well as on the elements of the dual canonical basis corresponding to Kleshchev-Ram's strongly homogeneous modules over quiver Hecke algebras. In this paper we show that when $\mathfrak{g}$ is of type $A_n$ or $…
We provide an explicit construction for a class of commutative, non-associative algebras for each of the simple Chevalley groups of simply laced type. Moreover, we equip these algebras with an associating bilinear form, which turns them into Frobenius algebras. This class includes a 3876-dimensional algebra on which the Chevalley group of type E8 acts by automorphisms. We also prove that these algebras admit the structure of (axial) decomposition algebras.
Let $Λ$ be a simply laced root lattice and $w$ an elliptic automorphism of $Λ$ of order $d$. This paper gives a construction that begins with a central extension of the group of coinvariants $Λ_w$ and produces a semisimple Lie algebra of Dykin type $Λ$ with an automorphism of order $d$ lifting $w$. The input for this construction naturally arises when considering certain families of algebraic curves. The construction generalizes one used by Thorne to study plane quartics and one used by the author and Thorne to study a family of genus-2 curves.
We consider a generalization of the quiver varieties of Lusztig and Nakajima to the case of all symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebras. To deal with the non-simply laced case one considers admissible automorphisms of a quiver and the irreducible components of the quiver varieties fixed by this automorphism. We define a crystal structure on these irreducible components and show that the crystals obtained are isomorphic to those associated to the crystal bases of the lower half of the universal enveloping algebra and the irreducible highest weight representations of the non-simply laced Kac-Moody …
We establish a quantum cluster algebra structure on the quantum Grothendieck ring of a certain monoidal subcategory of the category of finite-dimensional representations of a simply-laced quantum affine algebra. Moreover, the (q,t)-characters of certain irreducible representations, among which fundamental representations, are obtained as quantum cluster variables. This approach gives a new algorithm to compute these (q,t)-characters. As an application, we prove that the quantum Grothendieck ring of a larger category of representations of the Borel subalgebra of the quantum affine algebra, defi…
We study the (complex) Hecke algebra $\mathcal{H}_S(\mathbf{q})$ of a finite simply-laced Coxeter system $(W,S)$ with independent parameters $\mathbf{q} \in \left( \mathbb{C} \setminus\{\text{roots of unity}\} \right)^S$. We construct its irreducible representations and projective indecomposable representations. We obtain the quiver of this algebra and determine when it is of finite representation type. We provide decomposition formulas for induced and restricted representations between the algebra $\mathcal{H}_S(\mathbf{q})$ and the algebra $\mathcal{H}_R(\mathbf{q}|_R)$ with $R\subseteq S$. …
Extended affine Weyl groups are the Weyl groups of extended affine root systems. Finite presentations for extended affine Weyl groups are known only for nullities $\leq 2$, where for nullity 2 there is only one known such presentation. We give a finite presentation for the class of simply laced extended affine Weyl groups. Our presentation is nullity free if rank $>1$ and for rank 1 it is given for nullities $\leq 3$. The generators and relations are given uniformly for all types, and for a given nullity they can be read from the corresponding finite Cartan matrix and the semilattice involved …
The diagram algebra introduced by Brauer that describes the centralizer algebra on tensor products of the natural representation of an orthogonal group has a presentation by generators and relations that only depends on the graph of type An on n nodes. Here we describe an algebra depending on an arbitrary graph of type M. We study its structure when the type is An, Dn, E6, E7, E8. We determine the representations and find the dimensions. The algebra is generically semisimple and contains the group algebra of the Coxeter type M as a subalgebra. It is a ring homomorphism of the Birman-Murakami-W…
Nakajima introduced the morphism of q,t-characters for finite dimensional representation of simply-laced quantum affine algebras : it is a t-deformation of the Frenkel-Reshetikhin's morphism of q-characters (sum of monomials in infinite variables). In math.QA/0212257 we generalized the construction of q,t-characters for non simply-laced quantum affine algebras. First in this paper we prove a conjecture of math.QA/0212257 : the monomials of q and q,t-characters of standard representations are the same in non simply-laced cases (the simply-laced cases were treated by Nakajima) and the coefficien…
We study the ODE/IM correspondence for ODE associated to $\hat{\mathfrak g}$-valued connections, for a simply-laced Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$. We prove that subdominant solutions to the ODE defined in different fundamental representations satisfy a set of quadratic equations called $Ψ$-system. This allows us to show that the generalized spectral determinants satisfy the Bethe Ansatz equations.
Let $Δ$ be an oriented valued graph equipped with a group of admissible automorphisms satisfying a certain stability condition. We prove that the (coefficient-free) cluster algebra $\mathcal A(Δ/G)$ associated to the valued quotient graph $Δ/G$ is a subalgebra of the quotient $π(\mathcal A(Δ))$ of the cluster algebra associated to $Δ$ by the action of $G$. When $Δ$ is a Dynkin diagram, we prove that $\mathcal A(Δ/G)$ and $π(\mathcal A(Δ))$ coincide. As an example of application, we prove that affine valued graphs are mutation-finite, giving an alternative proof to a result of Seven.
We construct the positive principal series representations for $\mathcal{U}_q(\mathfrak{g}_\mathbb{R})$ where $\mathfrak{g}$ is of simply-laced type, parametrized by $\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}^r$ where $r$ is the rank of $\mathfrak{g}$. We describe explicitly the actions of the generators in the positive representations as positive essentially self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space, and prove the transcendental relations between the generators of the modular double. We define the modified quantum group $\mathbf{U}_{\mathfrak{q}\tilde{\mathfrak{q}}}(\mathfrak{g}_\mathbb{R})$ of the modular double …
We put forward the exact version of two-parameter generating functions with $τ$-invariance, which allows us to give a unified and inherent definition for the Drinfeld realization of two-parameter quantum affine algebras for all the untwisted types. As verification, we first construct their level-one vertex representations of $U_{r,s}(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}})$ for simply-laced types, which in turn well-detect the effectiveness of our definitions both for $(r,s)$-generating functions and $(r,s)$-Drinfeld realization in the framework of establishing the two-parameter vertex representation theory.
In this paper, we seek to prove the equality of the $q$-graded fermionic sums conjectured by Hatayama et al. in its full generality, by extending the results of Di Francesco and Kedem to the non-simply laced case. To this end, we will derive explicit expressions for the quantum $Q$-system relations, which are quantum cluster mutations that correspond to the classical $Q$-system relations, and write the identity of the $q$-graded fermionic sums as a constant term identity. As an application, we will show that these quantum $Q$-system relations are consistent with the short exact sequence of the…
It is known that there exists an order isomorphism between the Weyl group orbit through a minuscule weight of a simply-laced finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra and the set of all order filters in a self-dual connected d-complete poset. In this paper, we try to extend this fact to the case of multiply-laced finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras by using the "folding" technique with respect to a Dynkin diagram automorphism.
Characteristic cycles and leading term cycles of irreducible highest weight Harish-Chandra modules of regular integral infinitesimal character are determined. In the simply laced cases they are irreducible, but in the nonsimply laced cases they are more complicated.
It is known that the recently discovered representations of the Artin groups of type A_n, the braid groups, can be constructed via BMW algebras. We introduce similar algebras of type D_n and E_n which also lead to the newly found faithful representations of the Artin groups of the corresponding types. We establish finite dimensionality of these algebras. Moreover, they have ideals I_1 and I_2 with I_2 contained in I_1 such that the quotient with respect to I_1 is the Hecke algebra and I_1/I_2 is a module for the corresponding Artin group generalizing the Lawrence-Krammer representation. Finall…
For every cluster-tilted algebra of simply-laced Dynkin type we provide a companion basis which is strong, i.e. gives the set of dimension vectors of the finitely generated indecomposable modules for the cluster-tilted algebra. This shows in particular that every companion basis of a cluster-tilted algebra of simply-laced Dynkin type is strong. Thus we give a proof of Parsons's conjecture.
We construct the positive principal series representations for $U_q(g_R)$ where $g$ is of type $B_n$, $C_n$, $F_4$ or $G_2$, parametrized by $R^r$ where $r$ is the rank of $g$. We show that under the representations, the generators of the Langlands dual group $U_{\tilde{q}}({}^Lg_R)$ are related to the generators of $U_q(g_R)$ by the transcendental relations. We define the modified quantum group of the modular double and show that the representations of both parts of the modular double commute with each other, and there is an embedding into the $q$-tori polynomials.
Let $U_q'(\mathfrak{g})$ be a quantum affine algebra with an indeterminate $q$ and let $\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}$ be the category of finite-dimensional integrable $U_q'(\mathfrak{g})$-modules. We write $\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}^0$ for the monoidal subcategory of $\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}$ introduced by Hernandez-Leclerc. In this paper, we associate a simply-laced finite type root system to each quantum affine algebra $U_q'(\mathfrak{g})$ in a natural way, and show that the block decompositions of $\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}$ and $\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}^0$ are parameterized by the lat…
Let W be an arbitrary Coxeter group of simply-laced type (possibly infinite but of finite rank), u,v be any two elements in W, and i be a reduced word (of length m) for the pair (u,v) in the Coxeter group W\times W. We associate to i a subgroup Gamma_i in GL_m(Z) generated by symplectic transvections. We prove among other things that the subgroups corresponding to different reduced words for the same pair (u,v) are conjugate to each other inside GL_m(Z). We also generalize the enumeration result of the first three authors (see AG/9802093) by showing that, under certain assumptions on u and v, …
After explaining the concepts of Langlands dual and miniscule representations, we define an analog of the Gauss sum for any compact, simple Lie group with a simply laced Lie algebra. We then show a reciprocity property when a Lie group is exchanged with its Langlands dual. We also explore the relation with theta functions and modular transformations. In the non-simply laced case, we construct a unitary representation of the Hecke group which involves interesting new phase factors.
Using vertex operators, we build representations of the Yangian of a simply laced Kac-Moody algebra and of its double. As a corollary, we prove the PBW property for simply laced affine Yangians.
We present here two detailed examples of additive categorifications of the cluster algebra structure of a coordinate ring of a maximal unipotent subgroup of a simple Lie group. The first one is of simply-laced type ($A_3$) and relies on an article by Geiß, Leclerc and Schröer. The second is of non simply-laced type ($C_2$) and relies on an article by the author of this note. This is aimed to be accessible, specially for people who are not familiar with this subject.
In this paper we analyze Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms on a finite cover $G$ of an adelic split simply-laced group. Let $π$ be a minimal or next-to-minimal automorphic representation of $G$. We prove that any $η\in π$ is completely determined by its Whittaker coefficients with respect to (possibly degenerate) characters of the unipotent radical of a fixed Borel subgroup, analogously to the Piatetski-Shapiro--Shalika formula for cusp forms on $GL_n$. We also derive explicit formulas expressing the form, as well as all its maximal parabolic Fourier coefficient in terms of these Whitt…
The T-systems and Y-systems are classes of algebraic relations originally associated with quantum affine algebras and Yangians. Recently they were generalized to quantum affinizations of quantum Kac-Moody algebras associated with a wide class of generalized Cartan matrices which we say tamely laced. Furthermore, in the simply laced case, and also in the nonsimply laced case of finite type, they were identified with relations arising from cluster algebras. In this note we generalize such an identification to any tamely laced Cartan matrices, especially to the nonsimply laced ones of nonfinite t…
The minimal degeneration singularities in the affine Grassmannians of simple simply-laced algebraic groups are determined to be either Kleinian singularities of type A, or closures of minimal orbits in nilpotent cones. The singularities for non-simply-laced types are studied by intersection cohomology and equivariant Chow group methods.
We present a way to associate an algebra $B_G (Υ) $ with every pseudo reflection group $G$. When $G$ is a Coxeter group of simply-laced type we show $B_G (Υ)$ is isomorphic to the generalized Brauer algebra of simply-laced type introduced by Cohen,Gijsbers and Wales[10]. We prove $B_G (Υ)$ has a cellular structure and be semisimple for generic parameters when $G$ is a rank 2 Coxeter group. In the process of construction we introduce a Cherednik type connection for BMW algebras and a generalization of Lawrence-Krammer representation to complex braid groups associated with all pseudo reflection …
We construct irreducible graded representations of simply laced Khovanov-Lauda algebras which are concentrated in one degree. The underlying combinatorics of skew shapes and standard tableaux corresponding to arbitrary simply laced types has been developed previously by Peterson, Proctor and Stembridge. In particular, the Peterson-Proctor hook formula gives dimensions of the homogeneous irreducible modules corresponding to straight shapes.
For a finite group G and a finite-dimensional G-module V, we prove a general result on the Poincaré series for the G-invariants in the tensor algebra T(V). We apply this result to the finite subgroups G of the 2-by-2 special unitary matrices and their natural module V of 2-by-1 column vectors. Because these subgroups are in one-to-one correspondence with the simply laced affine Dynkin diagrams by the McKay correspondence, the Poincaré series obtained are the generating functions for the number of walks on the simply laced affine Dynkin diagrams.
We describe a combinatorial realization of the crystals $B(\infty)$ and $B(λ)$ using rigged configurations in all symmetrizable Kac-Moody types up to certain conditions. This includes all simply-laced types and all non-simply-laced finite and affine types.
Let G be a semisimple simply connected group of simply laced type over C. We show that the flag manifold of G has a version defined over the "tropical" semifield Z on which the monoid G(Z) associated to G and the semifield Z acts.
The geometric small property (Borho-MacPherson) of projective morphisms implies a description of their singularities in terms of intersection homology. In this paper we solve the smallness problem raised by Nakajima (math.QA/0105173) for certain resolutions of quiver varieties (analogs of the Springer resolution) : for Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules of simply-laced quantum affine algebras, we characterize explicitly the Drinfeld polynomials corresponding to the small resolutions. We use an elimination theorem for monomials of Frenkel-Reshetikhin q-characters that we establish for non necessarily…
Given a connected non-negative unit form we construct an extended affine Lie algebra by giving a Chevalley basis for it. We also obtain this algebra as a quotient of an algebra defined by means of generalized Serre relations by M. Barot, D. Kussin and H. Lenzing. This is done in an analogous way to the construction of the simply-laced affine Kac-Moody algebras. Thus, we obtain a family of extended affine Lie algebras of simply-laced Dynkin type and arbitrary nullity. Furthermore, there is a one-to-one correspondence between these Lie algebras and the equivalence classes of connected non-negati…
A cluster algebra is a commutative algebra whose structure is decided by a skew-symmetrizable matrix or a quiver. When a skew-symmetrizable matrix is invariant under an action of a finite group and this action is admissible, the folded cluster algebra is obtained from the original one. Any cluster algebra of non-simply-laced affine type can be obtained by folding a cluster algebra of simply-laced affine type with a specific $G$-action. In this paper, we study the combinatorial properties of quivers in the cluster algebra of affine type. We prove that for any quiver of simply-laced affine type,…
Affine Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials on the subregular cell in non simply-laced Lie algebras: with an application to character formulae (with an appendix by Roman Bezrukavnikov, Vasily Krylov, and Kenta Suzuki)
