Anton Malkin, Viktor Ostrik, Maxim Vybornov
The minimal degeneration singularities in the affine Grassmannians of simple simply-laced algebraic groups are determined to be either Kleinian singularities of type A, or closures of minimal orbits in nilpotent cones. The singularities for non-simply-laced types are studied by intersection cohomology and equivariant Chow group methods.
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We present a review on the recently discovered link between the Lie theory,the theory of quiver Grassmannians, and various degenerations of flag varieties. Our starting point is the induced Poincaré--Birkhoff--Witt filtration on the highest weight representations and the corresponding PBW degenerate flag varieties.
We study toric degenerations of semi-infinite Grassmannians (a.k.a. quantum Grassmannians). While the toric degenerations of the classical Grassmannians are well studied, the only known example in the semi-infinite case is due to Sottile-Sturmfels. We start by providing a new interpretation of the Sottile-Sturmfels construction by finding a poset such that their degeneration is the toric variety of the order polytope of the poset. We then use our poset to construct and study a new toric degeneration in the semi-infinite case. Our construction is based on the notion of poset polytopes introduce…
We describe an algorithm for computing certain characteristic numbers of surface scrolls using degenerations. As a corollary we obtain a method for computing the corresponding Gromov-Witten invariants of Grassmannians.
We study the algebraic geometry and combinatorics of the central degeneration (the degeneration that shows up in local models of Shimura varieties and Gaitsgory's central sheaves) in type A. More specifically, we elucidate the central degeneration of semi-infinite orbits and explain its relations with Levi restriction. Also, we discuss the central degeneration of Mirkovi$\acute{\text{c}}$-Vilonen cycles in the affine Grassmannian, and the corresponding transformations of Mirkovi$\acute{\text{c}}$-Vilonen polytopes. In addition, we shed some light on the geometry of Iwahori MV cycles in the aff…
We study degenerations of Grassmannians constructed using convex lattice configurations in Bruhat-Tits buildings. Using techniques from quiver representations, we analyze their special fibers, which are explicitly described as quiver Grassmannians. For a class of lattice configurations, called the locally linearly independent configurations, we show that our construction coincide with Mustafin degenerations, thus generalizing a result of Faltings. In such cases, our analysis of special fibers also generalizes results of Cartwright et al. As an application, we prove a smoothing criterion for li…
We study toric degenerations of opposite Schubert and Richardson varieties inside degenerations of Grassmannians and flag varieties. These degenerations are parametrized by matching fields in the sense of Sturmfels and Zelevinsky. We construct so-called restricted matching field ideals whose generating sets are understood combinatorially through tableaux. We determine when these ideals are toric and coincide with Gröbner degenerations of Richardson varieties using the well established standard monomial theory for Grassmannians and flag varieties.
Using the method of degenerating a Grassmannian into a toric variety, we calculate recursive formulas for the dimensions of the eigenspaces of the action of an n-dimensional torus on a Grassmannian of planes in an n-dimensional space. In order to verify our result we compare it with the polynomial describing the Euler characteristic of invertible sheaves on a projective space with four blown-up points.
Degenerations of Grassmannians via lattice configurations II
论文推广 linked Grassmann 簇构造，刻画更大类格配置对应退化的几何与拓扑，并借助箭图 Grassmann 簇和仿射 Schubert 簇联系 Shimura 簇局部模型。
The most fundamental example of mirror symmetry compares the Fermat hypersurfaces in P^n and P^n/G, where G is a finite group that acts on P^n and preserves the Fermat hypersurface. We generalise this to hypersurfaces in Grassmannians, where the picture is richer and more complex. There is a finite group G that acts on the Grassmannian Gr(n,r) and preserves an appropriate Calabi-Yau hypersurface. We establish how mirror symmetry, toric degenerations, blow-ups and variation of GIT relate the Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces inside Gr(n,r) and Gr(n,r)/G. This allows us to describe a compactification of …
Linear degenerate flag varieties are degenerations of flag varieties as quiver Grassmannians. For type A flag varieties, we obtain characterizations of flatness, irreducibility and normality of these degenerations via rank tuples. Some of them are shown to be isomorphic to Schubert varieties and can be realized as highest weight orbits of partially degenerate Lie algebras, generalizing the corresponding results on degenerate flag varieties. To study normality, cell decompositions of quiver Grassmannians are constructed in a wider context of equioriented quivers of type A.
We introduce iterated sequences for Grassmannians, a new class of Fang-Fourier-Littelmanns' birational sequences and explain how they give rise to points in $\text{trop}(\text{Gr}(k,\mathbb C^n))$, Speyer-Sturmfels' tropical Grassmannian. For $\text{Gr}(2,\mathbb C^n)$ we show that the associated valuations induce toric degenerations. We describe recursively the vertices of the corresponding Newton--Okounkov polytopes, which are particular vertices of a hypercube and hence integral. We show further that every toric degeneration of $\text{Gr}(2,\mathbb C^{n})$ constructed using the tropical Gra…
We construct closed immersions from initial degenerations of $\operatorname*{Gr}_{0}(d,n)$---the open cell in the Grassmannian $\operatorname*{Gr}(d,n)$ given by the nonvanishing of all Plücker coordinates---to limits of thin Schubert cells associated to diagrams induced by the face poset of the corresponding tropical linear space. These are isomorphisms when $(d,n)$ equals $(2,n)$, $(3,6)$ and $(3,7)$. As an application we prove $\operatorname*{Gr}_0(3,7)$ is schön, and the Chow quotient of $\operatorname*{Gr}(3,7)$ by the maximal torus in $ \operatorname*{PGL}(7)$ is the log canonical compac…
Let $V$ be the weighted projective variety defined by a weighted homogeneous ideal $J$ and $C$ a maximal cone in the Gröbner fan of $J$ with $m$ rays. We construct a flat family over $\mathbb A^m$ that assembles the Gröbner degenerations of $V$ associated with all faces of $C$. This is a multi-parameter generalization of the classical one-parameter Gröbner degeneration associated to a weight. We explain how our family can be constructed from Kaveh-Manon's recent work on the classification of toric flat families over toric varieties: it is the pull-back of a toric family defined by a Rees algeb…
We introduce a completely integrable system on the Grassmannian of 2-planes in an n-space associated with any triangulation of a polygon with n sides, and compute the potential function for its Lagrangian torus fiber. The moment polytopes of this system for different triangulations are related by an integral piecewise-linear transformation, and the corresponding potential functions are related by its geometric lift in the sense of Berenstein and Zelevinsky.
We study the algebraic combinatorics of monomial degenerations of Plücker forms which is governed by matching fields in the sense of Sturmfels and Zelevinsky. We provide a necessary condition for a matching field to yield a Khovanskii basis of the Plücker algebra for $3$-planes in $n$-space. When the ideal associated to the matching field is quadratically generated this condition is both necessary and sufficient. Finally, we describe a family of matching fields, called $2$-block diagonal, whose ideals are quadratically generated. These matching fields produce a new family of toric degeneration…
In this text, we characterize the representation type of an acyclic quiver by the properties of its associated quiver Grassmannians. This characterization utilizes and extends known results about singular quiver Grassmannians and cell decompositions into affine spaces. While all quiver Grassmannians for indecomposable representations of quivers of finite representation types $A$ and $D$ are smooth and admit cell decompositions, it turns out that all quiver Grassmannians for indecomposable representations of quivers of tame types $A$ and $D$ admit cell decompositions, but some of these quiver G…
Normality of Schubert varieties in affine Grassmannians
本文分类了任意域上半单群仿射格拉斯曼流形中的正规Schubert簇，特别关注小正特征，通过切空间计算、Levi引理和极小退化分类给出初等证明。
We establish an explicit bijection between the toric degenerations of the Grassmannian $\textrm{Gr}(2,n)$ arising from maximal cones in tropical Grassmannians and the ones coming from plabic graphs corresponding to $\textrm{Gr}(2,n)$. We show that a similar statement does not hold for $\textrm{Gr}(3,6)$.
For a given irreducible projective variety $X$, the closure of the set of all hyperplanes containing tangents to $X$ is the projectively dual variety $X^{\vee}$. We study the singular locus of projectively dual varieties of certain Segre-Plücker embeddings in series of papers. In this work we give a classification of the irreducible components of the singular locus of the dual Grassmannian. Basically, it admits two components: cusp type and node type which are degeneracies of a certain Hessian matrix, and the closure of the set of tangent planes having more than one critical point, respectivel…
We investigate the problem of existence of degenerations of surfaces in $\mathbb P^3$ with ordinary singularities into plane arrangements in general position.
We prove that the open subvariety $\operatorname{Gr}_0(3,8)$ of the Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}(3,8)$ determined by the nonvanishing of all Plücker coordinates is schön, i.e., all of its initial degenerations are smooth. Furthermore, we find an initial degeneration that has two connected components, and show that the remaining initial degenerations, up to symmetry, are irreducible. As an application, we prove that the Chow quotient of $\operatorname{Gr}(3,8)$ by the diagonal torus of $\operatorname{PGL}(8)$ is the log canonical compactification of the moduli space of $8$ lines in $\mathbb{…
We study the null fiber of a moment map related to dual pairs. We construct an equivariant resolution of singularities of the null fiber, and get conormal bundles of closed $ K_C $-orbits in the Lagrangian Grassmannian as the categorical quotient. The conormal bundles thus obtained turn out to be a resolution of singularities of the closure of nilpotent $ K_C $-orbits, which is a "quotient" of the resolution of the null fiber.
Hodge-to-de Rham degeneration and quasihomogeneous singularities of curves
研究积分投影曲线的Hodge到de Rham谱序列，证明E2页退化等价于所有奇点为拟齐次平面曲线奇点，并展示在相同局部完全交设定下，Hochschild到循环谱序列在E2页退化当且仅当相同条件成立。
The degeneration of the hyperelliptic sigma function is studied. We use the Sato Grassmannian for this purpose. A simple decomposition of a rational function gives a decomposition of Plücker coordinates of a frame of the Sato Grassmannian. It then gives a decomposition of the tau function corresponding to the degeneration of a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ in terms of the tau functions corresponding to a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g-1$. Since the tau functions are described by sigma functions, we get the corresponding formula for the degenerate hyperelliptic sigma function.
Stable degeneration of families of klt singularities with constant local volume
本文证明了具有常数局部体积的 klt 奇点局部稳定族可向 K-半稳定 log Fano 锥奇点稳定退化，方法是采用 Xu 和 Zhuang 基于多重退化的证明技术的族版本。
By the geometric Satake isomorphism of Mirkovic and Vilonen, decomposition numbers for reductive groups can be interpreted as decomposition numbers for equivariant perverse sheaves on the complex affine Grassmannian of the Langlands dual group. Using a description of the minimal degenerations of the affine Grassmannian obtained by Malkin, Ostrik and Vybornov, we are able to recover geometrically some decomposition numbers for reductive groups. In the other direction, we can use some decomposition numbers for reductive groups to prove geometric results, such as a new proof of non-smoothness res…
Cycles relations in the affine grassmannian and applications to Breuil--Mézard for G-crystalline representations
本文通过仿射Grassmannian中的闭子概形圈关系实现了$\widehat{G}$-表示的Grothendieck群恒等式，并将其与$G$-值晶体表示模空间几何相联系，推导出小Hodge类型下Breuil--Mézard猜想的一个方向。
This paper is the first in a series that describe a conjectural analog of the geometric Satake isomorphism for an affine Kac-Moody group. In this paper we construct a model for the singularities of some would-be Schubert varieties in the affine Grassmannian for an affine Kac-Moody group. We formulate a conjecture describing the (local) intersection cohomology of these varieties in terms of integrable representations of the Langlands dual affine Kac-Moody group and check this conjecture in a number of cases. Roughly speaking the above singularities are constructed by looking at the Uhlenbeck sp…
Tropicalization and degeneration of short flag varieties and their fibers
本文研究线性退化短旗簇的热带化，利用拟阵方法证明其纤维在温和假设下为线性空间，从而给出其热带化的完整组合描述。
Let $X$ be an integral scheme of finite presentation over a perfect field. Let $q$ be a singular closed point of $X$. We prove that there exists an open subset $V$ of $X$ containing $q$ such that $V$ admits a resolution, that is, there exists a smooth scheme $\widetilde V$ and a proper birational morphism from $\widetilde V$ onto $V$.
Degenerations of the complex projective plane with only rational singularities
在瓦尔猜想成立的前提下，对仅具有理奇点的复射影平面正规退化进行分类，包括马内蒂和哈金 - 普罗霍罗夫分类的由马尔可夫方程控制的曲面，以及含四个非对数典范奇点的六个新退化。
We construct a family of compactifications of the affine cone of the Grassmannian variety of 2-planes. We show that both the tropical variety of the Plücker ideal and familiar valuations associated to the construction of Newton-Okounkov bodies for the Grassmannian variety can be recovered from these compactifications. In this way, we unite various perspectives for constructing toric degenerations of flag varieties.
Let $X$ be a smooth irreducible nondegenerate projective variety and let $X^*$ denote its dual variety. It is well known that $σ_2(X)^*$, the dual of the 2-secant variety of $X$, is a component of the singular locus of $X^*$. The locus of bitangent hyperplanes, i.e. hyperplanes tangent to at least two points of $X$, is a component of the sigular locus of $X^*$. In this paper we provide a sufficient condition for this component to be of maximal dimension and show how it can be used to determine which dual varieties of Grassmannians are normal. That last part may be compared to what has been don…
We give more or less explicit equations for all two-dimensional cusp singularities of embedding dimension at least 4. They are closely related to Felix Klein's equations for universal curves with level n structure. The main technical result is a description of the versal deformation of an n-gon in $P^{n-1}$. The final section contains the equations for smoothings of simple elliptic singularities (of multiplicity at most 9).
Hodge theory of degenerations, (III): a vanishing-cycle calculus for non-isolated singularities
本文研究退化 Hodge 理论第三部分，针对奇点轨迹为一维的非孤立奇点情形进行具体计算，涵盖 $k$-log-canonical 奇点、slc 与非 slc 曲面奇点及 Feynman integrals 中的五维奇点。
In this paper we construct free resolutions of certain class of closed subvarieties of affine space of symmetric matrices (of a given size). Our class covers the symmetric determinantal varieties (i.e., determinantal varieties in the space of symmetric matrices), whose resolutions were first constructed by Józefiak-Pragacz-Weyman. Our approach follows the techniques developed in Free Resolutions of Some Schubert Singularities by Kummini-Lakshmibai-Sastry-Seshadri, and uses the geometry of Schubert varieties.
Let $Q^*$ denote the dual of the quotient bundle on the Grassmannian $G(2,n)$. We prove that the ideal of $Q^*$ in its natural embedding has initial ideal equal to the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a certain unobstructed simplicial complex. Furthermore, we show that the coordinate ring of $Q^*$ has no infinitesimal deformations for $n>5$.
Hodge theory of degenerations, (II): vanishing cohomology and geometric applications
本文研究孤立超曲面奇点的加权谱和消失上同调，揭示其对光滑化极限混合Hodge结构的作用，并应用于紧化与镜像对称中的多类奇点。
Inspired by an article of Cotti, Dubrovin and Guzzetti arXiv:1706.04808, we extend to a degenerate case a result of Malgrange on integrable deformations of irregular singularities. We give an application to integrable deformations of the solution of some Birkhoff problem and apply it to the construction of Frobenius manifolds.
Laumon parahoric local models via quiver Grassmannians
本文利用箭图表示理论研究类型 A 中任意仿抛物子群的 Laumon 局部模型特殊纤维，刻画其不可约分支、自然分层和胞腔分解，并证明奇点消解与仿抛物子群间自然投影相容。
We construct Nakajima's quiver varieties of type A in terms of affine Grassmannians of type A. This gives a compactification of quiver varieties and a decomposition of affine Grassmannians into a disjoint union of quiver varieties. Consequently, singularities of quiver varieties, nilpotent orbits and affine Grassmannians are the same in type A. The construction also provides a geometric framework for skew $(GL(m), GL(n))$ duality and identifies the natural basis of weight spaces in Nakajima's construction with the natural basis of multiplicity spaces in tensor products which arises from affine…
We overview our recent work defining and studying normal crossings varieties and subvarieties in symplectic topology. This work answers a question of Gromov on the feasibility of introducing singular (sub)varieties into symplectic topology in the case of normal crossings singularities. It also provides a necessary and sufficient condition for smoothing normal crossings symplectic varieties. In addition, we explain some connections with other areas of mathematics and discuss a few directions for further research.
We study the boundary of the Milnor fibre of real analytic singularities $f: (\bR^m,0) \to (\bR^k,0)$, $m\geq k$, with an isolated critical value and the Thom $a_f$-property. We define the vanishing zone for $f$ and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for it to be a fibre bundle over the link of the singular set of $f^{-1}(0)$. In the case of singularities of the type $\fgbar: (\bC^n,0) \to (\bC,0)$ with an isoalted critical value, $f, g$ holomorphic, we further describe the degeneration of the boundary of the Milnor fibre to the link of $\fgbar$. As a milestone, we also construct a Lê…
Stable degenerations of singularities
本文证明任意 klt 奇点的归一化体积函数极小化子所对应的分次环有限生成，从而完成了任意 klt 奇点稳定退化猜想证明的最后一步。
Symplectic Grassmannians and Cyclic Quivers
本文将箭图Grassmann流形方法推广到辛Grassmann簇退化情形，构造胞腔分解、计算Euler示性数与Poincaré多项式，并证明不可约分支数等于经典辛Grassmann流形的Euler示性数。
We derive a Givental-type stationary phase integral representation for the specified $\Gr_{m,N}$-Whittaker function introduced in \cite{GLO2}, which presumably describes the $S^1\times U_N$-equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of Grassmann variety $\Gr_{m,N}$. Our main tool is a generalization of Whittaker model for principal series $\CU(\frak{gl}_N)$-modules. In particular, our construction includes a representation theory interpretation of the Batyrev--Ciocan-Fontanine--Kim--van Straten toric degeneration of Grassmannian, providing a direct connection between this toric degeneration of $\Gr_…
We construct some families of automorphic forms on Grassmannians which have singularities along smaller sub Grassmannians, using Harvey and Moore's extension of the Howe (or theta) correspondence to modular forms with poles at cusps. Some of the applications are as follows. We construct families of holomorphic automorphic forms which can be written as infinite products, which give many new examples of generalized Kac-Moody superalgebras. We extend the Shimura and Maass-Gritsenko correspondences to modular forms with singularities. We prove some congruences satisfied by the theta functions of p…
We continue, generalize and expand our study of linear degenerations of flag varieties from [G. Cerulli Irelli, X. Fang, E. Feigin, G. Fourier, M. Reineke, Math. Z. 287 (2017), no. 1-2, 615-654]. We realize partial flag varieties as quiver Grassmannians for equi-oriented type A quivers and construct linear degenerations by varying the corresponding quiver representation. We prove that there exists the deepest flat degeneration and the deepest flat irreducible degeneration: the former is the partial analogue of the mf-degenerate flag variety and the latter coincides with the partial PBW-degener…
We study one parameter degenerations of complex projective manifolds by introducing certain type of Hodge metrics coming from the pluricanonical forms. We show that degenerations with at most canonical singularities are all in the finite distance boundary of moduli spaces. We also propose the converse to be true in the sense that finite distance degenerations admit birational models which have at most canonical singularities in the degenerate fiber. We verify this for curves and show that the Calabi-Yau case follows from the minimal model conjecture.
We unify aspects of the equivariant geometry of type $D$ quiver representation varieties, double Grassmannians, and symmetric varieties $GL(a+b)/GL(a)\times GL(b)$; in particular we translate results about singularities of orbit closures, combinatorics of orbit closure containment, and torus equivariant $K$-theory between these three families. These results are all obtained from our generalization of a construction of Zelevinsky for type $A$ quivers to the type $D$ setting. More precisely, we give explicit embeddings with nice properties of homogeneous fiber bundles over type $D$ quiver repres…
Point Singularities and Bubbling in Degenerations of Rank-Two Bundles on Threefolds
研究三维复流形上秩二向量丛到具有孤立点奇点的秩二挠率自由层的单参数退化，证明刚性恒等式：中心纤维的代数冒泡重数等于其自反闭包奇点的Ext长度的一半，并利用该恒等式获得光滑性障碍和构造局部光滑化。
Let G be a reductive group and let Bun_G denote the moduli stack of G-bundles on a smooth projective curve. We begin the study of the singularities of a canonical compactification of Bun_G due to V. Drinfeld (unpublished), which we refer to as the Drinfeld-Lafforgue-Vinberg compactification. For G=GL_n certain smooth open substacks of this compactification have already appeared in the work of Drinfeld and of L. Lafforgue on the Langlands correspondence for function fields. The Drinfeld-Lafforgue-Vinberg compactification is however already singular for G=SL_2; questions about its singularities …
Categorical absorptions of singularities and degenerations
本文引入奇点的范畴吸收概念，在适当假设下为具有孤立常点双点的射影簇构造了范畴吸收，并证明其光滑部分可沿平滑化延拓。
Logarithmic Equigeneric Smoothing and Maximal Nodal Degenerations
本文研究了曲线和曲面在代数族中的等纲变形问题，提出通过对数半正则性方法在退化情况下保持最大奇点数量的理论，并探讨了其在细化塞弗里计数中的应用。
Degenerations of multisingularities and Artin algebras
研究交换、结合、有限维复阿廷代数的退化层次结构，引入基于奇点与局部代数对应的退化概念，通过托姆多项式从对称数据确定层次结构，还证明其扩展了变形理论的代数层次结构，推广到不同维度代数。
We study the arc space of the Grassmannian from the point of view of the singularities of Schubert varieties. Our main tool is a decomposition of the arc space of the Grassmannian that resembles the Schubert cell decomposition of the Grassmannian itself. Just as the combinatorics of Schubert cells is controlled by partitions, the combinatorics in the arc space is controlled by plane partitions (sometimes also called 3d partitions). A combination of a geometric analysis of the pieces in the decomposition and a combinatorial analysis of plane partitions leads to invariants of the singularities. …
$\mathfrak{G}$-Quotients of Grassmannians and Equations
本文研究了Grassmannian的$\mathfrak{G}$-quotient结构，通过分析子torus作用的定义理想和退化，获得了一个双有理映射及其相关的新结果。
The subject of this paper is the big quantum cohomology rings of symplectic isotropic Grassmannians $\text{IG}(2, 2n)$. We show that these rings are regular. In particular, by "generic smoothness", we obtain a conceptual proof of generic semisimplicity of the big quantum cohomology for $\text{IG}(2, 2n)$. Further, by a general result of Claus Hertling, the regularity of these rings implies that they have a description in terms of isolated hypersurface singularities, which we show in this case to be of type $A_{n-1}$. By the homological mirror symmetry conjecture, these results suggest the exis…
Spectrum of singularities, analytic torsion and Calabi--Yau degenerations
本文通过解析挠率将奇点谱与Calabi--Yau退化几何相联系，提出高阶Durfee--Saito猜想，并利用挠率公式给出双有理光滑填充的障碍，推广了Voisin的结果。
Wahl singularities in degenerations of del Pezzo surfaces
本文通过引入带标记的 del Pezzo Wahl 链，刻画了次数为 $1 \leq \ell \leq 9$ 的 del Pezzo 曲面退化中的所有 Wahl 奇点，并揭示了其与伪加权射影平面的对应关系及在低次曲面中的应用。
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