Hui-Chun Zhang, Xi-Ping Zhu
Recently, in [49], a new definition for lower Ricci curvature bounds on Alexandrov spaces was introduced by the authors. In this article, we extend our research to summarize the geometric and analytic results under this Ricci condition. In particular, two new results, the rigidity result of Bishop-Gromov volume comparison and Lipschitz continuity of heat kernel, are obtained.
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In this paper, we introduce a new notion for lower bounds of Ricci curvature on Alexandrov spaces, and extend Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem and Cheng's maximal diameter theorem to Alexandrov spaces under this Ricci curvature condition.
We study closed three-dimensional Alexandrov spaces with a lower Ricci curvature bound in the $\mathsf{CD}^*(K,N)$ sense, focusing our attention on those with positive or nonnegative Ricci curvature. First, we show that a closed three-dimensional $\mathsf{CD}^*(2,3)$-Alexandrov space must be homeomorphic to a spherical space form or to the suspension of $\mathbb{R}P^2$. We then classify closed three-dimensional $\mathsf{CD}^*(0,3)$-Alexandrov spaces.
In this paper we prove that in the class of metric measure spaces with Alexandrov curvature bounded from below the Riemannian curvature-dimension condition $RCD(K,N)$ with $K\in \mathbb{R}$ and $N\in [1,\infty)$ is preserved under doubling and gluing constructions.
Under the definition of Ricci curvature bounded below for Alexandrov spaces introduced by Zhang-Zhu, we generalize a result by Colding that an n dimentional manifold with Ricci curvature greater or equal to n minus 1 and volume close to that of the unit n sphere is close (in the Gromov-Hausdorff distance) to the sphere, from the case of Riemannian manifolds to the case of Alexandrov spaces, with an additional assumption, roughly speaking, that the rough volume of the set of short cut points is small, following the basic idea in the Riemannian case with necessary modifications because of the on…
In this paper, we show existence and uniqueness of Ricci flow whose initial condition is a compact Alexandrov surface with curvature bounded from below. This requires a weakening of the notion of initial condition which is able to deal with a priori non-Riemannian metric spaces. As a by-product, we obtain that the Ricci flow of a surface depends smoothly on Gromov-Hausdorff perturbations of the initial condition.
In this paper, we establish a Bochner type formula on Alexandrov spaces with Ricci curvature bounded below. Yau's gradient estimate for harmonic functions is also obtained on Alexandrov spaces.
We consider an infinitesimal version of the Bishop-Gromov relative volume comparison condition as generalized notion of Ricci curvature bounded below for Alexandrov spaces. We prove a Laplacian comparison theorem for Alexandrov spaces under the condition. As an application we prove a topological splitting theorem.
New definitions of Alexandrov space and applications
该研究引入虚比较角与支撑意义下的有界二阶导数，证明Alexandrov空间定义的原始条件可被更弱条件替代，并为相关经典定理提供了新证明。
Under an infinitesimal version of the Bishop-Gromov relative volume comparison condition for a measure on an Alexandrov space, we prove a topological splitting theorem of Cheeger-Gromoll type. As a corollary, we prove an isometric splitting theorem for Riemannian manifolds with singularities of nonnegative (Bakry-Emery) Ricci curvature.
Here I show compatibility of two definition of generalized curvature bounds --- the lower bound for sectional curvature in the sense of Alexandrov and lower bound for Ricci curvature in the sense of Lott--Villani--Sturm.
We prove generalized lower Ricci curvature bounds for warped products over complete Finsler manifolds. On the one hand our result covers a theorem of Bacher and Sturm concerning euclidean and spherical cones. On the other hand it can be seen in analogy to a result of Bishop and Alexander in the setting of Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded from below. For the proof we combine techniques developed in these papers. Because the Finsler product metric can degenerate we regard a warped product as metric measure space that is in general neither a Finsler manifold nor an Alexandrov space again …
On the uniqueness of Ricci flows from certain Alexandrov spaces
本研究证明从奇异Reifenberg空间出发、满足尺度不变曲率界等条件的Ricci流唯一性，并据此在极限空间上规范定义光滑结构，推广了Perelman稳定性定理。
In this note, we prove that positive scalar curvature can pass to three dimensional Ricci limit spaces of non-negative Ricci curvature when it splits off a line. As a corollary, we obtain an optimal Bonnet-Myers type upper bound. Moreover, we obtain a similar statement in all dimensions for Alexandrov spaces of non-negative curvature.
Alexandrov geometry: foundations
本书聚焦曲率有上下界的Alexandrov空间结构理论，以关注两类空间关联的新颖方法，系统阐述其基础理论至维数定义的相关内容，后续卷册将覆盖更多主题。
Geometric inequalities and the Alexandrov-Bakelman-Pucci technique
本文基于Alexandrov-Bakelman-Pucci技术，统一讨论了几何不等式的证明框架，涵盖欧几里得空间的等周不等式、子流形的均曲率不等式及Sobolev不等式等核心方法与贡献。
We prove a Lipschitz-Volume rigidity theorem for the non-collapsed Gromov-Hausdorff limits of manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below. This is a counterpart of the Lipschitz-Volume rigidity in Alexandrov geometry.
We derive several vanishing theorems for genera under almost nonnegative Ricci curvature and infinite fundamental group, which includes Todd genus, $\widehat{A}$-genus, elliptic genera and Witten genus. A vanishing theorem of Euler characteristic number for almost nonnegatively curved Alexandrov spaces is also proved.
We prove generalized lower Ricci bounds for Euclidean and spherical cones over complete Riemannian manifolds. These cones are regarded as complete metric measure spaces. In general, they will be neither manifolds nor Alexandrov spaces. We show that the Euclidean cone over an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold whose Ricci curvature is bounded from below by n-1 satisfies the curvature-dimension condition CD(0; n+1) and that the spherical cone over the same manifold fulfills the curvature-dimension condition CD(n; n+1). More generally, for each N > 1 we prove that the condition CD(N-1;N) for a wei…
Distance functions of metric spaces with lower curvature bound, by definition, enjoy various metric inequalities; triangle comparison, quadruple comparison and the inequality of Lang-Schroeder-Sturm. The purpose of this paper is to study the extremal cases of these inequalities and to prove rigidity results. The spaces which we shall deal with here are Alexandrov spaces which possibly have infinite dimension and are not supposed to be locally compact.
Perelman's doubling theorem asserts that the metric space obtained by gluing along their boundaries two copies of an Alexandrov space with curvature $\geq κ$ is an Alexandrov space with the same dimension and satisfying the same curvature lower bound. We show that this result cannot be extended to metric measure spaces satisfying synthetic Ricci curvature bounds in the $\mathrm{MCP}$ sense. The counterexample is given by the Grushin half-plane, which satisfies the $\mathrm{MCP}(0,N)$ if and only if $N\geq 4$, while its double satisfies the $\mathrm{MCP}(0,N)$ if and only if $N\geq 5$.
Glued spaces and lower curvature bounds
本文综述光滑与非光滑语境下受下曲率界约束的粘合构造定理并提出猜想，聚焦合成下Ricci曲率界，涉及多种空间类型，为相关研究提供理论梳理与猜想方向。
The metric measure boundary of spaces with Ricci curvature bounded below
本文证明无边界 RCD(K,N) 空间的度量测度边界为零，解决相关猜想，并与既有结果共同回答无边界 Alexandrov 空间中无限测地线的存在性问题。
We prove that, given an $RCD^{*}(K,N)$-space $(X,d,m)$, then it is possible to $m$-essentially cover $X$ by measurable subsets $(R_{i})_{i\in \mathbb{N}}$ with the following property: for each $i$ there exists $k_{i} \in \mathbb{N}\cap [1,N]$ such that $m\llcorner R_{i}$ is absolutely continuous with respect to the $k_{i}$-dimensional Hausdorff measure. We also show that a Lipschitz differentiability space which is bi-Lipschitz embeddable into a euclidean space is rectifiable as a metric measure space, and we conclude with an application to Alexandrov spaces.
Sharp isoperimetric comparison on non-collapsed spaces with lower Ricci bounds
本文针对具有下Ricci曲率界的非光滑RCD空间，通过原创变分估计与渐近质量分解方法，证明了尖锐等周比较定理与等周轮廓的维数凹性，推广了紧流形及欧氏凸体上的经典结果。
We consider Ricci flow invariant cones C in the space of curvature operators lying between nonnegative Ricci curvature and nonnegative curvature operator. Assuming some mild control on the scalar curvature of the Ricci flow, we show that if a solution to Ricci flow has its curvature operator which satsisfies R+εI \in C at the initial time, then it satisfies R +KεI \in C on some time interval depending only on the scalar curvature control. This allows us to link Gromov-Hausdorff convergence and Ricci flow convergence when the limit is smooth and R + I \in C along the sequence of initial conditi…
On a Riemannian metric-measure space, we establish an Alexandrov-Bakelman-Pucci type measure estimate connecting Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature lower bound, modified Laplacian and the measure of certain special sets. We apply this estimate to prove Harnack inequalities for the modified Laplacian operator and fully non-linear operators. These inequalities seem not available in the literature; And our proof, solely based on the ABP estimate, does not involve any Sobolev inequalities nor gradient estimate. We also propose a question regarding the characterization of Ricci lower bound by the Harnack …
Ricci flow from singular spaces with bounded curvature
本文证明了以亚历山德罗夫意义下有界曲率的紧长度空间为初值的里奇流存在，并收敛到与原空间等距的 $C^{1,α}$ 黎曼流形，且解在等距意义下唯一。
Alexandrov Theorem for nonlocal curvature
本文证明了Alexandrov定理的非局部版本，指出具有充分光滑边界且非局部平均曲率为常数的集合必为Euclidean球，通过推导切向导数公式并结合移动平面法完成证明。
Kähler-Ricci flows coming out of metric spaces
本文研究紧Kähler流形上闭正(1,1)-流诱导可作为Kähler-Ricci流零时刻Gromov-Hausdorff极限的度量结构的充分条件，并在1维情形拓展已有工作证明了对应Alexandrov曲面可作为Kähler-Ricci流初始数据。
Sobolev inequalities in manifolds with nonnegative intermediate Ricci curvature
本文利用Alexandrov-Bakelman-Pucci方法，将Michael-Simon型Sobolev不等式推广到具有非负中间Ricci曲率的Riemannian流形中的子流形上，并由此导出极小子流形的等周不等式。
In this article, we will use the harmonic mean curvature flow to prove a new class of Alexandrov-Fenchel type inequalities for strictly convex hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space in terms of total curvature, which is the integral of Gaussian curvature on the hypersurface. We will also use the harmonic mean curvature flow to prove a new class of geometric inequalities for horospherically convex hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space. Using these new Alexandrov-Fenchel type inequalities and the inverse mean curvature flow, we obtain an Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for strictly convex hypersurfaces in …
We give a definition of convergence of differential of Lipschitz functions with respect to measured Gromov-Hausdorff topology. As their applications, we give a characterization of harmonic functions with polynomial growth on asymptotic cones of manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth, and distributional Laplacian comparison theorem on limit spaces of Riemannian manifolds.
Let $(M,g)$ be a smooth Riemannian manifold and $\mathsf{G}$ a compact Lie group acting on $M$ effectively and by isometries. It is well known that a lower bound of the sectional curvature of $(M,g)$ is again a bound for the curvature of the quotient space, which is an Alexandrov space of curvature bounded below. Moreover, the analogous stability property holds for metric foliations and submersions. The goal of the paper is to prove the corresponding stability properties for synthetic Ricci curvature lower bounds. Specifically, we show that such stability holds for quotients of $\mathsf{RCD}^{…
A goal in network science is the geometrical characterization of complex networks. In this direction, we have recently introduced Forman's discretization of Ricci curvature to the realm of undirected networks. Investigation of this edge-centric network measure, Forman-Ricci curvature, in diverse model and real-world undirected networks revealed that the curvature measure captures several aspects of the organization of undirected complex networks. However, many important real-world networks are inherently directed in nature, and the definition of the Forman-Ricci curvature for undirected networ…
In this essay, we discuss the notion of optimal transport on geodesic measure spaces and the associated (2-)Wasserstein distance. We then examine displacement convexity of the entropy functional on the space of probability measures. In particular, we give a detailed proof that the Lott-Villani-Sturm notion of generalized Ricci bounds agree with the classical notion on smooth manifolds. We also give the proof that generalized Ricci bounds are preserved under Gromov-Hausdorff convergence. In particular, we examine in detail the space of probability measures over the interval, $P(X)$ equipped wit…
Jacobian estimates and geometric inequalities under intermediate Ricci curvature
本文证明了一个适用于任意余维子流形的 Jacobian 估计，无需曲率符号假设，并由此在中间 Ricci 曲率条件下推导出定量 Fenchel--Willmore、Sobolev 和等周不等式，所需条件仅与子流形维数相关。
We study decreasing rearrangements of functions defined on (possibly non-smooth) metric measure spaces with Ricci curvature bounded below by $K>0$ and dimension bounded above by $N\in (1,\infty)$ in a synthetic sense, the so called $CD(K,N)$ spaces. We first establish a Polya-Szego type inequality stating that the $W^{1,p}$-Sobolev norm decreases under such a rearrangement and apply the result to show sharp spectral gap for the $p$-Laplace operator with Dirichlet boundary conditions (on open subsets), for every $p\in (1,\infty)$. This extends to the non-smooth setting a classical result of Bér…
Smoothing polyhedral spaces via Ricci flow
本文证明了Petrunin光滑化猜想：任意紧致无边界非负Alexandrov曲率的多面体空间是光滑黎曼轨形空间的Gromov-Hausdorff极限，通过新Ricci流短时间存在理论实现，并给出积分曲率缺陷的刚性应用。
We prove that if $(X,\mathsf{d},\mathfrak{m})$ is a metric measure space with $\mathfrak{m}(X)=1$ having (in a synthetic sense) Ricci curvature bounded from below by $K>0$ and dimension bounded above by $N\in [1,\infty)$, then the classic Lévy-Gromov isoperimetric inequality (together with the recent sharpening counterparts proved in the smooth setting by E. Milman for any $K\in \mathbb{R}$, $N\geq 1$ and upper diameter bounds) hold, i.e. the isoperimetric profile function of $(X,\mathsf{d},\mathfrak{m})$ is bounded from below by the isoperimetric profile of the model space. Moreover, if equal…
On two notions of curvature on singular surfaces
研究奇异曲面上两种曲率界概念的等价性，通过证明相关不等式蕴含亚历山德罗夫曲率界填补理论空白，并得出结合彼得鲁宁结果，\(\omega\geq\kappa\mu\)意味着\(RCD(\kappa,2)\)的结论。
We prove in a simple and coordinate-free way the equivalence bteween the classical definitions of the mass or the center of mass of an asymptotically flat manifold and their alternative definitions depending on the Ricci tensor and conformal Killing fields. This enables us to prove an analogous statement in the asymptotically hyperbolic case.
The goal of the paper is four-fold. In the setting of non-smooth spaces with Ricci curvature lower bounds (more precisely RCD(K,N) metric measure spaces): - we develop an intrinsic theory of Laplacian bounds in viscosity sense and in a pointwise, heat flow related, sense, showing their equivalence also with Laplacian bounds in distributional sense; - relying on these tools, we establish a PDE principle relating lower Ricci curvature bounds to the preservation of Laplacian lower bounds under the evolution via the $p$-Hopf-Lax semigroup, for general exponents $p\in[1,\infty)$. This principle adm…
In this article we introduce a notion of normalized angle for Lorentzian pre-length spaces. This concept allows us to prove some equivalences to the definition of timelike curvature bounds from below for Lorentzian pre-length spaces. Specifically, we establish some comparison theorems known as the local Lorentzian version of the Toponogov theorem and the Alexandrov convexity property. Finally, as an application we obtain a first variation Formula for non-negatively curved globally hyperbolic Lorentzian length spaces.
Two Comments on "Laplace comparison on Kahler Ricci flow and convergence (arXiv:2509.14820v1)"
该论文针对Kähler Ricci流相关研究，明确了极化典范半径的定义，补充完善了相关概念的界定。
Lin-Lu-Yau Ricci curvature on hypergraphs
本文提出统一框架定义超图的Lin-Lu-Yau Ricci曲率，证明其适定性与兼容性及Bonnet-Myers型定理，将图Ricci曲率相关定义扩展至超图场景。
Synthetic versus distributional lower Ricci curvature bounds
本文比较了合成与分布方法在定义低于$C^2$正则性Riemann度量下界里茨曲率界时的差异，揭示了分布界与熵界之间的关系及$C^{1,1}$类度量下的额外收敛条件。
We define the Ricci curvature, as a measure, for certain singular torsion-free connections on the tangent bundle of a manifold. The definition uses an integral formula and vector-valued half-densities. We give relevant examples in which the Ricci measure can be computed. In the time dependent setting, we give a weak notion of a Ricci flow solution on a manifold.
We survey some recent work using Ricci flow to create a class of local definitions of weak lower scalar curvature bounds that is well defined for $C^0$ metrics. We discuss several properties of these definitions and explain some applications of this approach to questions regarding uniform convergence of metrics with scalar curvature bounded below. Finally, we consider the relationship between this approach and some other generalized notions of lower scalar curvature bounds.
In this paper we propose a class of local definitions of weak lower scalar curvature bounds that is well defined for $C^0$ metrics. We show the following: that our definitions are stable under greater-than-second-order perturbation of the metric, that there exists a reasonable notion of a Ricci flow starting from $C^0$ initial data which is smooth for positive times, and that the weak lower scalar curvature bounds are preserved under evolution by the Ricci flow from $C^0$ initial data.
We define the Ricci curvature on simplicial complexes by modifying the definition of the Ricci curvature on graphs, and we prove the upper and lower bounds of the Ricci curvature. These properties are generalizations of previous studies. Moreover, we obtain an estimate of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on simplicial complexes using the Ricci curvature.
For an embedded submanifold $Σ\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$, Belkin and Niyogi showed that one can approximate the Laplacian operator using heat kernels. Using a definition of coarse Ricci curvature derived by iterating Laplacians, we approximate the coarse Ricci curvature of submanifolds $Σ$ in the same way. For this purpose, we derive asymptotics for the approximation of the Ricci curvature proposed in [AW19]. Specifically, we prove Proposition 3.2 in [AW19].
There are two primary goals to this paper. In the first part of the paper we study smooth metric measure spaces (M^n,g,e^{-f}dv_g) and give several ways of characterizing bounds -Kg\leq \Ric+\nabla^2f\leq Kg on the Ricci curvature of the manifold. In particular, we see how bounded Ricci curvature on M controls the analysis of path space P(M) in a manner analogous to how lower Ricci curvature controls the analysis on M. In the second part of the paper we develop the analytic tools needed to in order to use these new characterizations to give a definition of bounded Ricci curvature on general me…
We give the definition of $L^p$-convergence of tensor fields with respect to the Gromov-Hausdorff topology and several fundamental properties of the convergence. We apply this to establish a Bochner-type inequality which keeps the term of Hessian on the Gromov-Hausdorff limit space of a sequence of Riemannian manifolds with a lower Ricci curvature bound and to give a geometric explicit formula for the Dirichlet Laplacian on a limit space defined by Cheeger-Colding. We also prove a continuity of the first eigenvalues of the p-Laplacian with respect to the Gromov-Hausdorff topology.
We define a notion of a measured length space X having nonnegative N-Ricci curvature, for N finite, or having infinity-Ricci curvature bounded below by K, for K a real number. The definitions are in terms of the displacement convexity of certain functions on the associated Wasserstein space P_2(X) of probability measures. We show that these properties are preserved under measured Gromov-Hausdorff limits. We give geometric and analytic consequences.
The rigidity of sharp spectral gap in nonnegatively curved spaces
该研究将非负Ricci曲率下的第一尖锐谱隙刚性推广到紧RCD(0,N)空间，证明谱隙取极值等价于空间为一维常密度，所用的Sobolev理论与奇异一维局部化结合的新技术有独立价值，并导出几乎刚性结果。
Mass of $C^0$-asymptotically hyperbolic spaces via the normalized Ricci-DeTurck flow
研究通过归一化 Ricci-DeTurck 流在渐近双曲流形上定义质量函数，此定义与光滑度量经典质量相符，还引入标量曲率下界以确保连续质量定义明确。
We introduce a natural definition of the renormalized volume of a 4-dimensional Ricci-flat ALE space. We then prove that the renormalized volume is always less or equal than zero, with equality if and only if the ALE space is isometric to its asymptotic cone. Currently the only known examples of 4-dimensional Ricci-flat ALE spaces are Kronheimer's gravitational instantons and their quotients, which are also known to be the only possible examples of special holonomy. We calculate the renormalized volume of these spaces in terms of Kronheimer's period map.
A graph is called Ricci-flat if its Ricci curvatures vanish on all edges, here the definition of Ricci curvature on graphs was given by Lin-Lu-Yau. The authors in arXiv:1301.0102 and arXiv:1802.02982 obtained a complete characterization for all Ricci-flat graphs with girth at least five. In this paper, we completely determined all Ricci-flat graphs with maximum degree at most 4.
On a closed weighted Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Bakry-Émery Ricci curvature, it is shown that the ratio of the $k$-th to first eigenvalues of the weighted Laplacian is dominated by $641k^2$, using an argument via the Cheeger constant. While improving the previous exponential upper bound, the order of $k$ here is optimal, and hence answers an open question of Funano. This approach works still on a compact finite-dimensional Alexandrov space of nonnegative curvature and proves affirmatively a conjecture of Funano and Shioya asserting a dimension free upper bound for eigenvalue ratios i…
In this paper we consider connections between Ricci solitons and Einstein metrics on homogeneous spaces. We show that a semi-algebraic Ricci soliton admits an Einstein one-dimensional extension if the soliton derivation can be chosen to be normal. Using our previous work on warped product Einstein metrics, we show that every normal semi-algebraic Ricci soliton also admits a $k$-dimensional Einstein extension for any $k\geq 2$. We also prove converse theorems for these constructions and some geometric and topological structure results for homogeneous warped product Einstein metrics. In the appe…
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