The holonomy algebra of a pseudo-hyper-Kählerian manifold of signature $(4,4n+4)$ is a subalgebra of $\sp(1,n+1)$. Possible holonomy algebras of these manifolds are classified. Using this, a new proof of the classification of simply connected pseudo-hyper-Kählerian symmetric spaces of index 4 is obtained.
The problem of classification of connected holonomy groups (equivalently of holonomy algebras) for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds is open. The classification of Riemannian holonomy algebras is a classical result. The classification of Lorentzian holonomy algebras was obtained recently. In the present paper weakly-irreducible not irreducible subalgebras of $\su(1,n+1)$ ($n\geq 0$) are classified. Weakly-irreducible not irreducible holonomy algebras of pseudo-Kählerian and special pseudo-Kählerian manifolds are classified. An example of metric for each possible holonomy algebra is given. This gives…
We describe the possible holonomy groups of simply connected irreducible non-locally symmetric pseudo-Riemannian spin manifolds which admit parallel spinors.
The problem of classification of connected holonomy groups (equivalently of holonomy algebras) for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds is open. The classification of Riemannian holonomy algebras is a classical result. The classification of Lorentzian holonomy algebras was obtained recently. In the present paper weakly-irreducible not irreducible subalgebras of $\su(1,n+1)$ ($n\geq 0$) are classified. Weakly-irreducible not irreducible holonomy algebras of pseudo-Kählerian and special pseudo-Kählerian manifolds are classified. An example of metric for each possible holonomy algebra is given. This gives…
In this paper we study weakly irreducible holonomy representations of the normal connection of a spacelike submanifold in a pseudo-Riemannian space from. We associate screen representations to weakly irreducible normal holonomy groups and classify the screen representations having the Borel-Lichnérowicz property. In particular, we derive a classification of Lorentzian normal holonomy representations.
Possible holonomy algebras of pseudo-quaternionic-Kählerian manifolds of signature $(4,4)$ are classified. Using this, a new proof of the classification of simply connected pseudo-quaternionic-Kählerian symmetric spaces of signature $(4,4)$ is obtained.
For an arbitrary subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}\subset\mathfrak{so}(r,s)$, a polynomial pseudo-Riemannian metric of signature $(r+2,s+2)$ is constructed, the holonomy algebra of this metric contains $\mathfrak{h}$ as a subalgebra. This result shows the essential distinction of the holonomy algebras of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of index bigger or equal to 2 from the holonomy algebras of Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds.
We describe a new class of holonomy groups on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. Namely, we prove the following theorem. Let g be a nondegenerate bilinear form on a vector space V, and L:V -> V a g-symmetric operator. Then the identity component of the centraliser of L in SO(g) is a holonomy group for a suitable Levi-Civita connection.
The holonomy algebras of Einstein not Ricci-flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary signature are classified. As illustrating examples, the cases of Lorentzian manifolds, pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of signature $(2,n)$ and the para-quaternionic-Kählerian manifolds with non-zero scalar curvature are considered. Einstein not Ricci-flat metrics of signature $(2,n)$ with all possible holonomy algebras are given.
By a classical theorem of Gallot (1979), a Riemannian cone over a complete Riemannian manifold is either flat or has irreducible holonomy. We consider metric cones with reducible holonomy over pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. First we describe the local structure of the base of the cone when the holonomy of the cone is decomposable. For instance, we find that the holonomy algebra of the base is always the full pseudo-orthogonal Lie algebra. One of the global results is that a cone over a compact and complete pseudo-Riemannian manifold is either flat or has indecomposable holonomy. Then we analyse …
The holonomy group $G$ of a pseudo-quaternionic-Kählerian manifold of signature $(4r,4s)$ with non-zero scalar curvature is contained in $\Sp(1)\cdot\Sp(r,s)$ and it contains $\Sp(1)$. It is proved that either $G$ is irreducible, or $s=r$ and $G$ preserves an isotropic subspace of dimension $4r$, in the last case, there are only two possibilities for the connected component of the identity of such $G$. This gives the classification of possible connected holonomy groups of pseudo-quaternionic-Kählerian manifolds of non-zero scalar curvature.
We prove that each special Lorentzian holonomy group (with the exception of those including the isotropy groups of Kähler symmetric spaces with rank greater than one) can be realized as the holonomy group of a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold.
We describe extrinsic hyperspheres and totally geodesic hypersurfaces in manifolds with special holonomy. In particular we prove the nonexistence of extrinsic hyperspheres in quaternion-Kaehler manifolds. We develop a new approach to extrinsic hyperspheres based on the classification of special Killing forms.
In this paper we examine the structure of Riemannian manifolds with a special kind of Codazzi tensors. We use them to construct globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds with complete Cauchy hypersurfaces for any weakly irreducible holonomy representation with parallel spinors, i.e. with a holonomy group which is a semidirect product between $\R^{n-2}$ and one of $\1, SU(k), Sp(1), G_2$ and $Spin(7)$.
We construct homogeneous flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with non-abelian fundamental group. In the compact case, all homogeneous flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds are complete and have abelian linear holonomy group. To the contrary, we show that there do exist non-compact and non-complete examples, where the linear holonomy is non-abelian, starting in dimensions $\geq 8$, which is the lowest possible dimension. We also construct a complete flat pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous manifold of dimension 14 with non-abelian linear holonomy. Furthermore, we derive a criterion for the properness of the …
In this paper, we investigate a holonomy invariant elliptic anisotropic surface energy for hypersurfaces in a complete Riemannian manifold, where "holonomy invariant" means that the elliptic parametric Lagrangian (i.e., a Finsler metric) of the Riemannian manifold used to define the anisotropic surface energy is constant along each holonomy subbundle of the tangent bundle of the Riemannian manifold. First we obtain the first variational formula for this anisotropic surface energy. Next we shall introduce the notions of an anisotropic convex hypersurface, an anisotropic equifocal hypersurface a…
The classification problem for holonomy of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds is actual and open. In the present paper, holonomy algebras of Lorentz-Kähler manifolds are classified. A simple construction of a metric for each holonomy algebra is given. Complex Walker coordinates are introduced and described using the potential. Complex pp-waves are characterized in terms of the curvature, holonomy and the potential. Classification of Lorentz-Kähler symmetric spaces is reviewed.
We show that a complete flat pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous manifold with non-abelian linear holonomy is of dimension at least 14. Due to an example constructed in a previous article by Oliver Baues and the author, this is a sharp bound. Also, we give a structure theory for the fundamental groups of complete flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds in dimensions less than 7. Finally, we observe that every finitely generated torsion-free 2-step nilpotent group can be realized as the fundamental group of a complete flat pseudo-Riemannian manifold with abelian linear holonomy.
Possible irreducible holonomy algebras $\g\subset\osp(p,q|2m)$ of Riemannian supermanifolds under the assumption that $\g$ is a direct sum of simple Lie superalgebras of classical type and possibly of a one-dimensional center are classified. This generalizes the classical result of Marcel Berger about the classification of irreducible holonomy algebras of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds.
In this paper we establish a strong multiplicity one type property for the length-holonomy spectrum for the three dimensional compact hyperbolic spaces. We use the analytic properties of Selberg-Gangolli-Wakayama zeta functions associated to compact hyperbolic spaces.
We study the full holonomy group of Lorentzian manifolds with a parallel null line bundle. We prove several results that are based on the classification of the restricted holonomy groups of such manifolds and provide a construction method for manifolds with disconnected holonomy which starts from a Riemannian manifold and a properly discontinuous group of isometries. Most of our examples are quotients of pp-waves with disconnected holonomy and without parallel vector field. Furthermore, we classify the full holonomy groups of solvable Lorentzian symmetric spaces and of Lorentzian manifolds wit…
In this note we prove that QR-submanifolds of the hyper-Kahler manifolds under some conditions admit the $G_2$ holonomy. We give simplest examples of such QR-submanifolds namely tori. We conjecture that all $G_2$ holonomy manifolds arise in this way.
Let (M,I,J,K) be a compact hypercomplex manifold admitting an HKT-metric. Assume that the canonical bundle of (M,I) is trivial as a holomorphic line bundle. We show that the holonomy of Obata connection on M is contained in SL(n,H). In Appendix we apply these arguments to compact nilmanifolds equipped with abelian hypercomplex structures, showing that such manifolds have holonomy in SL(n,H).
We describe, by their holonomy groups, all complete simply connected irreducible non-locally symmetric pseudo-Riemannian SpinC manifolds which admit parallel spinors. So we generalize the Riemannian SpinC case and the pseudo-Riemannian Spin one.
We find new examples of compact Spin(7)-manifolds using a construction of Joyce. The essential ingredient in Joyce's construction is a Calabi-Yau 4-orbifold with particular singularities admitting an antiholomorphic involution, which fixes the singularities. We search the class of well-formed quasismooth hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces for suitable Calabi-Yau 4-orbifolds. We find that different hypersurfaces within the same family of Calabi-Yau 4-orbifolds may result in different Spin(7)-manifolds.
Ambient prime geodesic theorems provide an asymptotic count of closed geodesics by their length and holonomy and imply effective equidistribution of holonomy. We show that for a smoothed count of closed geodesics on compact hyperbolic 3-manifolds, there is a persistent bias in the secondary term which is controlled by the number of zero spectral parameters. In addition, we show that a normalized, smoothed bias count is distributed according to a probability distribution, which we explicate when all distinct, non-zero spectral parameters are linearly independent. Finally, we construct an exampl…
We prove that the Cauchy problem for parallel null vector fields on smooth Lorentzian manifolds is well posed. The proof is based on the derivation and analysis of suitable hyperbolic evolution equations given in terms of the Ricci tensor and other geometric objects. Moreover, we classify Riemannian manifolds satisfying the constraint conditions for this Cauchy problem. It is then possible to characterise certain holonomy reductions of globally hyperbolic manifolds with parallel null vector in terms of flow equations for Riemannian special holonomy metrics. For exceptional holonomy groups thes…
We study the lightlike foliations that appear on Lorentzian manifolds with weakly irreducible not irreducible holonomy algebra. We give global structure equations for the foliation that generalize the Gauss and Weingarten equations for one lightlike hypersurface. This gives us some global operators on the manifold. Using these operators, we decompose the curvature tensor of the manifold into several components. We give a criteria how to find the type of the holonomy algebras (there are 4 possible types) in terms of the global operators.
We consider the geometry determined by a torsion-free affine connection whose holonomy lies in the subgroup U*(2m), a real form of GL(2m,C), otherwise denoted by SL(m,H).U(1). We show in particular how examples may be generated from quaternionic Kähler or hyperkähler manifolds with a circle action.
Given a generic 2-plane field on a 5-dimensional manifold we consider its (3,2)-signature conformal metric [g] as defined in math.DG/0406400. Every conformal class [g] obtained in this way has very special conformal holonomy: it must be contained in the split-real-form of the exceptional group G_2. In this note we show that for special 2-plane fields on 5-manifolds the conformal classes [g] have the Fefferman-Graham ambient metrics which, contrary to the general Fefferman-Graham metrics given as a formal power series, can be written in an explicit form. We propose to study the relations betwee…
We study compact Sasakian manifolds whose Tondeur connection has holonomy group either trivial or contained in Sp(n). We show that the first condition forces the manifold to be a compact quotient of the Heisenberg Lie group, while in the simply-connected case a Sasakian structure has the holonomy of the Tondeur connection contained in Sp(n) if and only if there exists a transverse hypercomplex structure. This latter result is the "Sasakian version" of a theorem of Verbitsky.
The existence of a recurrent spinor field on a pseudo-Riemannian spin manifold $(M,g)$ is closely related to the existence of a parallel 1-dimensional complex subbundle of the spinor bundle of $(M,g)$. We characterize the following simply connected pseudo-Riemannian manifolds admitting such subbundles in terms of their holonomy algebras: Riemannian manifolds; Lorentzian manifolds; pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with irreducible holonomy algebras; pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of neutral signature admitting two complementary parallel isotropic distributions.
We prove prime geodesic theorems counting primitive closed geodesics on a compact hyperbolic 3-manifold with length and holonomy in prescribed intervals, which are allowed to shrink. Our results imply effective equidistribution of holonomy and have both the rate of shrinking and the strength of the error term fully symmetric in length and holonomy.
It is well known that the curvature tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold can be decomposed with respect to the pseudo-orthogonal group into the sum of the Weyl conformal curvature tensor, the traceless part of the Ricci tensor and of the scalar curvature. A similar decomposition with respect to the pseudo-unitary group exists on a pseudo-Kählerian manifold; instead of the Weyl tensor one obtains the Bochner tensor. In the present paper, the known decomposition with respect to the pseudo-orthogonal group of the covariant derivative of the curvature tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is re…
A hypercomplex manifold M is a manifold with a triple I,J,K of complex structure operators satisfying quaternionic relations. For each quaternion L=aI +bJ+cK, L^2=-1, L is also a complex structure operator on M, called an induced complex structure. We are studying compact complex subvarieties of (M,L), when L is a generic induced complex structure. Under additional assumptions (Obata holonomy contained in SL(n,H), existence of an HKT metric), we prove that (M,L) contains no divisors, and all complex subvarieties of codimension 2 are trianalytic (that is, also hypercomplex).
By [arXiv:1604.00528], a list of possible holonomy algebras for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with an indecomposable torsion free ${\rm G}_{2}^*$-structure is known. Here indecomposability means that the standard representation of the algebra on ${\mathbb R}^{4,3}$ does not leave invariant any proper non-degenerate subspace. The dimension of the socle of this representation is called the type of the Lie algebra. It is equal to one, two or three. In the present paper, we use Cartan's theory of exterior differential systems to show that all Lie algebras of Type I from the list in [arXiv:1604.00528…
We study the class $\mathcal{K}_{2}+\mathcal{K}_{4}$ of homogeneous pseudo-Kähler structures in the strongly degenerate case. The local form and the holonomy of a pseudo-Kähler manifold admitting such a structure is obtained, leading to a possible complex generalization of homogeneous plane waves. The same question is tackled in the case of pseudo-hyper-Kähler and pseudo-quaternion Kähler manifolds.
Non-compact G_2 holonomy metrics that arise from a T^2 bundle over a hyper-Kahler space are discussed. These are one parameter deformations of the metrics studied by Gibbons, Lu, Pope and Stelle in hep-th/0108191. Seven-dimensional spaces with G_2 holonomy fibered over the Taub-Nut and the Eguchi-Hanson gravitational instantons are found, together with other examples. By considering the Apostolov-Salamon theorem math.DG/0303197, we construct a new example that, still being a T^2 bundle over hyper-Kahler, represents a non trivial two parameter deformation of the metrics studied in hep-th/010819…
We prove that compact 3-manifolds $M$ of constant curvature +1 with boundary a minimal surface are locally naturally parametrized by the conformal class of the boundary metric $γ$ in the Teichmuller space of $\partial M$, when $genus(\partial M) \geq 2$. Stronger results are obtained in the case of genus 1 boundary, giving in particular a new proof of Brendle's solution of the Lawson conjecture. The results generalize to constant mean curvature surfaces, and surfaces in flat and hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
We prove that given a pseudo-Riemannian conformal structure whose conformal holonomy representation fixes a totally lightlike subspace of arbitrary dimension, there is, wrt. a local metric in the conformal class defined off a singular set, a parallel, totally lightlike distribution on the tangent bundle which contains the image of the Ricci-tensor. This generalizes results obtained for invariant lightlike lines and planes and closes a gap in the understanding of the geometric meaning of reducibly acting conformal holonomy groups. We show how this result naturally applies to the classification …
It is known that the hard Lefschetz action, together with Kähler identities for Kähler (resp. hyperkähler) manifolds, determines a $\mathfrak{su}(1,1)_{sup}$ (resp. $\mathfrak{sp}(1,1)_{sup}$) Lie superalgebra action on differential forms. In this paper, we explain the geometric origin of this action, and we also generalize it to manifolds with other holonomy groups. For semi-flat Calabi-Yau (resp. hyperkähler) manifolds, these symmetries can be enlarged to a $\mathfrak{so}(2,2)_{sup}$ (resp. $\mathfrak{su}(2,2)_{sup}$) action.
We show that any dimension $6$ nearly Kähler (or nearly para-Kähler) geometry arises as a projective manifold equipped with a $\textrm{G}_2^{(*)}$ holonomy reduction. In the converse direction we show that if a projective manifold is equipped with a parallel $7$-dimensional cross product on its standard tractor bundle then the manifold is: a Riemannian nearly Kähler manifold, if the cross product is definite, otherwise, if the cross product has the other algebraic type, the manifold is in general stratified with nearly Kähler and nearly para-Kähler parts separated by a hypersurface which canon…
This paper is concerned with (transversally) Kähler foliations. We proved here that the holonomy pseudo-group's lie algebra is semi-simple unde negativity assumptions of the Ricci tensor.
We describe, by their holonomy groups, all simply connected irreducible non-locally symmetric pseudo-Riemannian SpinC manifolds which admit parallel spinors. So we generalise the Riemannian case and the pseudo-Riemannian one.
In this paper we provide examples of hypercomplex manifolds which do not carry HKT structure. We also prove that the existence of HKT structure is not stable under small deformations. Similarly we provide examples of compact complex manifolds with vanishing first Chern class which do not admit a Hermitian structure with restricted holonomy of its Bismut connection in SU(n). Again we prove that such property is not stable under small deformations.
We analyze degenerate homogeneous structures of linear type in the pseudo-Kähler and para-Kähler cases. The local form and the holonomy of pseudo-Kähler or para-Kähler manifolds admitting such structure are obtained. In addition the associated homogeneous models are studied exhibiting their relation with the incompleteness of the metric. The same questions are tackled in the pseudo-quaternion Kähler and para-quaternion Kähler cases. These results complete the study of homogeneous structures of linear type in pseudo-Kähler, para-Kähler, pseudo-quaternion Kähler and para-quaternion Kähler cases.
We show that on an HKT manifold the holonomy of the Obata connection is contained in SL(n,H) if and only if the Lee form is an exact one form. As an application, we show compact HKT manifolds with holomorphically trivial canonical bundle which are not balanced. A simple criterion for non-existence of HKT metric on hypercomplex manifold is given in terms of the Ricci-type tensors of the Obata connection.
We describe the holonomy algebras of all canonical connections of homogeneous structures on real hyperbolic spaces in all dimensions. The structural results obtained then lead to a determination of the types, in the sense of Tricerri and Vanhecke, of the corresponding homogeneous tensors. We use our analysis to show that the moduli space of homogeneous structures on real hyperbolic space has two connected components.
We extend the Gallot-Tanno Theorem to closed pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. It is done by showing that if the cone over a manifold admits a parallel symmetric $(0,2)-$tensor then it is Riemannian. Applications of this result to the existence of metrics with distinct Levi-Civita connections but having the same unparametrized geodesics and to the projective Obata conjecture are given. We also apply our result to show that the holonomy group of a closed $(O(p+1,q),S^{p,q})$-manifold does not preserve any nondegenerate splitting of $\R^{p+1,q}$.
We study Riemannian foliations whose transverse Levi-Civita connection $\nabla$ has special holonomy. In particular, we focus on the case where $Hol(\nabla)$ is contained either in SU(n) or in Sp(n). We prove a Weitzenbock formula involving complex basic forms on Kähler foliations and we apply this formula for pointing out some properties of transverse Calabi-Yau structures. This allows us to prove that links provide examples of compact simply-connected contact Calabi-Yau manifolds. Moreover, we show that a simply-connected compact manifold with a Kähler foliation admits a transverse hyper- Kä…
The Hitchin flow constructs eight-dimensional Riemannian manifolds (M,g) with holonomy in Spin(7) starting with a cocalibrated G_2-structure on a seven-dimensional manifold. As Sp(2)\subseteq SU(4)\subseteq Spin(7), one may also obtain Calabi-Yau fourfolds or hyperKähler manifolds via the Hitchin flow. In this paper, we show that the Hitchin flow on almost Abelian Lie algebras and on Lie algebras with one-dimensional commutator always yields Riemannian metrics with Hol(g)\subseteq SU(4) but Hol(g)\neq Sp(2). We investigate when we actually get Hol(g)=SU(4) and obtain so many new explicit examp…
We define Wick-rotations by considering pseudo-Riemannian manifolds as real slices of a holomorphic Riemannian manifold. From a frame bundle viewpoint Wick-rotations between different pseudo-Riemannian spaces can then be studied through their structure groups which are real forms of the corresponding complexified Lie group (different real forms $O(p,q)$ of the complex Lie group $O(n,\mathbb{C})$). In this way, we can use real GIT (geometric invariant theory) to derive several new results regarding the existence, and non-existence, of such Wick-rotations. As an explicit example, we Wick rotate …
While the Lorenzian and Riemanian metrics for which all polynomial scalar curvature invariants vanish (the VSI property) are well-studied, less is known about the four-dimensional neutral signature metrics with the VSI property. Recently it was shown that the neutral signature metrics belong to two distinct subclasses: the Walker and Kundt metrics. In this paper we have chosen an example from each of the two subcases of the Ricci-flat VSI Walker metrics respectively. To investigate the difference between the metrics we determine the existence of a null, geodesic, expansion-free, shear-free and…
On a (pseudo-)Riemannian manifold (M,g), some fields of endomorphisms i.e. sections of End(TM) may be parallel for g. They form an associative algebra A, which is also the commutant of the holonomy group of g. As any associative algebra, A is the sum of its radical and of a semi-simple algebra S. We show in arXiv:1402.6642 that S may be of eight different types, including the generic type S=R.Id, and the Kähler and hyperkähler types where S is respectively isomorphic to the complex field C or to the quaternions H. We show here that for any self adjoint nilpotent element N of the commutant of s…
The exceptional holonomy groups are G2 in 7 dimensions, and Spin(7) in 8 dimensions. In a previous paper (Invent. math. 123 (1996), 507-552) the author constructed the first examples of compact 8-manifolds with holonomy Spin(7), by resolving orbifolds T^8/G, where T^8 is the 8-torus and G a finite group of automorphisms of T^8. This paper describes a different construction of compact 8-manifolds with holonomy Spin(7). We start with a Calabi-Yau 4-orbifold Y with isolated singularities, and an isometric, antiholomorphic involution σof Y fixing only the singular points. Let Z=Y/<σ>. Then Z is an…