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arXiv 1003.1637physics.class-ph
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非均匀旋转介质的电动力学与亚伯拉罕张量和闵可夫斯基张量I:一般理论

The Electrodynamics of Inhomogeneous Rotating Media and the Abraham and Minkowski Tensors I: General Theory

Shin-itiro Goto, Robin W. Tucker, Timothy J. Walton

摘要:

这是一系列的两篇论文中的第一篇,它对电磁应力-能量-动量张量在连续可极化完全绝缘介质的经典描述中的作用进行了独立的分析。虽然承认的主要作用所发挥的总应力-能量-动量张量,我们认为,它是有意义的和有用的协变本构理论的背景下,指定优先状态的特定部分,这个总张量,当定义相对于一个特定的分裂。张量的相关性,与出现在麦克斯韦方程中的电磁场极化介质,他们诱导的力和扭矩的相关性一直是一个争论,因为闵可夫斯基,爱因斯坦和亚伯拉罕考虑这些问题超过一个世纪前。与牛顿连续介质力学定律的一致性要求介质中任何单元上的合力密度与该单元在惯性系中的局部线性加速度场成比例,并且还必须作为总应力-能量-动量张量的发散的一部分出现。与闵可夫斯基提出的张量不同,亚伯拉罕张量的发散明确地取决于介质的局部加速度场以及电磁场,这一事实使它与介质的总应力-能量-动量张量中的许多其他项区分开来。我们将探讨如何电磁力或扭矩运动介质可以定义在一个特定的3-时空表现出特定的Killing对称性的形式。它示出了如何与平移Killing矢量场的形式导致显式表达式的电磁力密度在静止介质中的闵可夫斯基本构关系。这些与其他模型相比,在最近的文献中已被认为是在电磁场中的极化介质。

英文摘要:

This is paper I of a series of two papers, offering a self-contained analysis of the role of electromagnetic stress-energy-momentum tensors in the classical description of continuous polarizable perfectly insulating media. While acknowledging the primary role played by the total stress-energy-momentum tensor we argue that it is meaningful and useful in the context of covariant constitutive theory to assign preferred status to particular parts of this total tensor, when defined with respect to a particular splitting. The relevance of tensors, associated with the electromagnetic fields that appear in Maxwell's equations for polarizable media, to the forces and torques that they induce has been a debated since Minkowski, Einstein and Abraham considered these issues over a century ago. Consistency with the laws of Newtonian continuum mechanics demands that the total force density on any element of a medium be proportional to the local linear acceleration field of that element in an inertial frame and must also arise as part of the divergence of the total stress-energy-momentum tensor. The fact that, unlike the tensor proposed by Minkowski, the divergence of the Abraham tensor depends explicitly on the local acceleration field of the medium as well as the electromagnetic field, sets it apart from many other terms in the total stress-energy-momentum tensor for a medium. We explore how electromagnetic forces or torques on moving media can be defined in terms of a particular 3-form on spacetimes that exhibit particular Killing symmetries. It is shown how the forms associated with translational Killing vector fields lead to explicit expressions for the electromagnetic force densities in stationary media subject to the Minkowski constitutive relations. These are compared with other models involving polarizable media in electromagnetic fields that have been considered in the recent literature.

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