We refine a method for finding a canonical form for symmetry operators of arbitrary order for the Schroedinger eigenvalue equation on any 2D Riemannian manifold, real or complex, that admits a separation of variables in some orthogonal coordinate system. As examples we treat two potentials with parameter k (one of which is the Tremblay, Turbiner, and Winternitz system) that have been shown to be classically superintegrable for all rational numbers k. We apply the canonical operator method to give a constructive proof that each of these systems is also quantum superintegrable for all rational k. We also develop the classical analog of the quantum canonical form for a symmetry. It is clear that our methods will generalize to other Hamiltonian systems.
The superintegrability of four Hamiltonians $\tilde{H_r} = λ\, H_r$, $r=a,b,c,d$, where $H_r$ are known Hamiltonians and $λ$ is a certain function defined on the configuration space and depending of a parameter $κ$, is studied. The new Hamiltonians, and the associated constants of motion $J_{ri}$, $i=1,2,3$, are continous functions of the parameter $κ$. The first part is concerned with separability and quadratic superintegrability (the integrals of motion are quadratic in the momenta) and the second part is devoted to the existence of higher-order superintegrability. The results obtained in th…
The higher-order superintegrability of systems separable in polar coordinates is studied using an approch that was previously applied for the study of the superintegrability of a generalized Smorodinsky-Winternitz system. The idea is that the additional constant of motion can be factorized as the product of powers of two particular rather simple complex functions (here denoted by $M$ and $N$). This technique leads to a proof of the superintegrability of the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz system and to the explicit expression of the constants of motion. A second family (related with the first one…
The superintegrability of a rational harmonic oscillator (non-central harmonic oscillator with rational ratio of frequencies) with non-linear "centrifugal" terms is studied. In the first part, the system is directly studied in the Euclidean plane; the existence of higher-order superintegrability (integrals of motion of higher order than 2 in the momenta) is proved by introducing a deformation in the quadratic complex equation of the linear system. The constants of motion of the nonlinear system are explicitly obtained. In the second part, the inverse problem is analyzed in the general case of …
The higher-order superintegrability of separable potentials is studied. It is proved that these potentials possess (in addition to the two quadratic integrals) a third integral of higher-order in the momenta that can be obtained as the product of powers of two particular rather simple complex functions. Some systems related with the harmonic oscillator, as the generalized SW system and the TTW system, were studied in previous papers; now a similar analysis is presented for superintegrable systems related with the Kepler problem. In this way, a new proof of the superintegrability of the Post-Wi…
In a recent paper, Post and Winternitz studied the properties of two-dimensional Euclidean potentials that are linear in one of the two Cartesian variables. In particular, they proved the existence of a potential endowed with an integral of third-order and an integral of fourth-order. In this paper we show that these results can be obtained in a more simple and direct way by noting that this potential is directly related with the Holt potential. It is proved that the existence of a potential with higher order superintegrability is a direct consequence of the integrability of the family of Holt…
Carter constant is a non-trivial conserved quantity of motion of a particle moving in stationary axisymmetric spacetime. In the version of the theorem originally given by Carter, due to the presence of two Killing vectors, the system effectively has two degrees of freedom. We propose an extension to the first version of Carter's theorem to a system having three degrees of freedom to find two functionally independent Carter-like integrals of motion. We further generalize the theorem to a dynamical system with $N$ degrees of freedom. We further study the implications of Carter Constant to Superi…
We extend recent work by Tremblay, Turbiner, and Winternitz which analyzes an infinite family of solvable and integrable quantum systems in the plane, indexed by the positive parameter k. Key components of their analysis were to demonstrate that there are closed orbits in the corresponding classical system if k is rational, and for a number of examples there are generating quantum symmetries that are higher order differential operators than two. Indeed they conjectured that for a general class of potentials of this type, quantum constants of higher order should exist. We give credence to this …
The higher-order superintegrability of the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz system (related to the harmonic oscillator) is studied on the two-dimensional spherical and hiperbolic spaces, $S_\k^2$ ($\k>0$), and $H_{\k}^2$ ($\k<0$). The curvature $κ$ is considered as a parameter and all the results are formulated in explicit dependence of $κ$. The idea is that the additional constant of motion can be factorized as the product of powers of two particular rather simple complex functions (here denoted by $M_r$ and $N_ϕ$). This technique leads to a proof of the superintegrability of the Tremblay-Turbine…
Liouville (super)integrability of a Hamiltonian system of differential equations is based on the existence of globally well-defined constants of the motion, while Lie point symmetries provide a local approach to conserved integrals. Therefore, it seems natural to investigate in which sense Lie point symmetries can be used to provide information concerning the superintegrability of a given Hamiltonian system. The two-dimensional oscillator and the central force problem are used as benchmark examples to show that the relationship between standard Lie point symmetries and superintegrability is ne…
The properties of the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz system (related to the harmonic oscillator) were recently studied on the two-dimensional spherical $S_κ^2$ ($κ>0$) and hiperbolic $H_κ^2$ ($κ<0$) spaces (J. Phys. A : Math. Theor. 47, 165203, 2014). In particular, it was proved the higher-order superintegrability of the TTW system by making use of (i) a curvature-dependent formalism, and (ii) existence of a complex factorization for the additional constant of motion. Now a similar study is presented for the Post-Winternitz system (related to the Kepler problem). The curvature $κ$ is considered…
We classify the Hamiltonians $H=p_x^2+p_y^2+V(x,y)$ of all classical superintegrable systems in two dimensional complex Euclidean space with second-order constants of the motion. We similarly classify the superintegrable Hamiltonians $H=J_1^2+J_2^2+J_3^2+V(x,y,z)$ on the complex 2-sphere where $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$. This is achieved in all generality using properties of the complex Euclidean group and the complex orthogonal group.
Superintegrable systems in two- and three-dimensional spaces of constant curvature have been extensively studied. From these, superintegrable systems in conformally flat spaces can be constructed by Staeckel transform. In this paper a method developed to establish the superintegrability of the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz system in two dimensions is extended to higher dimensions and a superintegrable system on a non-conformally-flat four-dimensional space is found. In doing so, curvature corrections to the corresponding classical potential are found to be necessary. It is found that some subal…
We present a method to obtain higher order integrals and polynomial algebras for two-dimensional superintegrable systems from creation and annihilation operators. All potentials with a second and a third order integrals of motion separable in Cartesian coordinates were studied. The integrals of motion of two of them do not generate a cubic algebra. We construct for these Hamiltonians a higher order polynomial algebra from the creation and annihilation operators. We obtain quintic and seventh order polynomial algebras. We give also for polynomial algebras of order 7 realizations in terms of def…
A Hamiltonian with two degrees of freedom is said to be superintegrable if it admits three functionally independent integrals of the motion. This property has been extensively studied in the case of two-dimensional spaces of constant (possibly zero) curvature when all the independent integrals are either quadratic or linear in the canonical momenta. In this article the first steps are taken to solve the problem of superintegrability of this type on an arbitrary curved manifold in two dimensions. This is done by examining in detail one of the spaces of revolution found by G. Koenigs. We determi…
The potential group method is applied to the n-dimensional Coulomb-Rosochatius potential, whose bound states and scattering states are worked out in detail. As far as scattering is concerned, the S-matrix elements are computed by the method of intertwining operators and an integral representation is obtained for the scattering amplitude. It is shown that the maximal superintegrability of the system is due to the underlying potential group and that the 2n-1 constants of motion are related to Casimir operators of subgroups.
The two-dimensional extension of the one-dimensional PDM-Lagrangians and their nonlocal point transformation mappings into constant unit-mass exactly solvable Lagrangians is introduced. The conditions on the related two-dimensional Euler-Lagrange equations' invariance are reported. The mappings from superintegrable linear oscillators into sub-superintegrable nonlinear PDM-oscillators are exemplified by, (i) a sub-superintegrable Mathews-Lakshmanan type-I PDM-oscillator, for a PDM-particle moving in a harmonic oscillator potential, (ii) a sub-superintegrable Mathews-Lakshmanan type-II PDM-oscil…
In an earlier article, we presented a method to obtain integrals of motion and polynomial algebras for a class of two-dimensional superintegrable systems from creation and annihilation operators. We discuss the general case and present its polynomial algebra. We will show how this polynomial algebra can be directly realized as a deformed oscillator algebra. This particular algebraic structure allows to find the unitary representations and the corresponding energy spectrum. We apply this construction to a family of caged anisotropic oscillators. The method can be used to generate new superinteg…
We develop our method to prove quantum superintegrability of an integrable 2D system, based on recurrence relations obeyed by the eigenfunctions of the system with respect to separable coordinates. We show that the method provides rigorous proofs of superintegrability and explicit constructions of higher order generators for the symmetry algebra. We apply the method to 5 families of systems, each depending on a parameter $k$, including most notably the caged anisotropic oscillator, the Tremblay, Turbiner and Winternitz system and a deformed Kepler-Coulomb system, and we give proofs of quantum …
In this paper we discuss maximal superintegrability of both classical and quantum Stäckel systems. We prove a sufficient condition for a flat or constant curvature Stäckel system to be maximally superintegrable. Further, we prove a sufficient condition for a Stäckel transform to preserve maximal superintegrability and we apply this condition to our class of Stäckel systems, which yields new maximally superintegrable systems as conformal deformations of the original systems. Further, we demonstrate how to perform the procedure of minimal quantization to considered systems in order to produce qu…
We deform N-dimensional (Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic) oscillator and Coulomb systems, replacing their angular degrees of freedom by those of a generalized rational Calogero model. Using the action-angle description, it is established that maximal superintegrability is retained. For the rational Calogero model with Coulomb potential, we present all constants of motion via matrix model reduction. In particular, we construct the analog of the Runge-Lenz vector.
The existence of a Lagrangian description for the second-order Riccati equation is analyzed and the results are applied to the study of two different nonlinear systems both related with the generalized Riccati equation. The Lagrangians are nonnatural and the forces are not derivable from a potential. The constant value $E$ of a preserved energy function can be used as an appropriate parameter for characterizing the behaviour of the solutions of these two systems. In the second part the existence of two--dimensional versions endowed with superintegrability is proved. The explicit expressions of…
We review recent results on superintegrable quantum systems in a two-dimensional Euclidean space with the following properties. They are integrable because they allow the separation of variables in Cartesian coordinates and hence allow a specific integral of motion that is a second order polynomial in the momenta. Moreover, they are superintegrable because they allow an additional integral of order $N>2$. Two types of such superintegrable potentials exist. The first type consists of "standard potentials" that satisfy linear differential equations. The second type consists of "exotic potentials…
In recent years, progress toward the classification of superintegrable systems with higher order integrals of motion has been made. In particular, a complete classification of all exotic potentials with a third or a fourth order integrals, and allowing separation of variables in Cartesian coordinates. All doubly exotic potentials with a fifth order integral have also been completely classified. It has been demonstrated how the Chazy class of third order differential equations plays an important role in solving determining equations. Moreover, taking advantage of various operator algebras defin…
We extend the investigation of three-dimensional (3D) Hamiltonian systems of non-subgroup type admitting non-zero magnetic fields and an axial symmetry, namely the circular parabolic case, the oblate spheroidal case and the prolate spheroidal case. More precisely, we focus on linear and some special cases of quadratic superintegrability. In the linear case, no new superintegrable system arises. In the quadratic case, we found one new minimally superintegrable system that lies at the intersection of the circular parabolic and cylindrical cases and another one at the intersection of the cylindri…
The Lie-Poisson algebra so(N+1) and some of its contractions are used to construct a family of superintegrable Hamiltonians on the ND spherical, Euclidean, hyperbolic, Minkowskian and (anti-)de Sitter spaces. We firstly present a Hamiltonian which is a superposition of an arbitrary central potential with N arbitrary centrifugal terms. Such a system is quasi-maximally superintegrable since this is endowed with 2N-3 functionally independent constants of the motion (plus the Hamiltonian). Secondly, we identify two maximally superintegrable Hamiltonians by choosing a specific central potential and…
This paper has studied the three-dimensional Dunkl oscillator models in a generalization of superintegrable Euclidean Hamiltonian systems to curved ones. These models are defined based on curved Hamiltonians, which depend on a deformation parameter of underlying space and involve reflection operators. Their symmetries are obtained by the Jordan-Schwinger representations in the family of the Cayley-Klein orthogonal algebras using the creation and annihilation operators of the dynamical $sl_{-1}(2)$ algebra of the one-dimensional Dunkl oscillator. The resulting algebra is a deformation of $so_{κ…
We consider a superintegrable quantum potential in two-dimensional Euclidean space with a second and a third order integral of motion. The potential is written in terms of the fourth Painleve transcendent. We construct for this system a cubic algebra of integrals of motion. The algebra is realized in terms of parafermionic operators and we present Fock type representations which yield the corresponding energy spectra. We also discuss this potential from the point of view of higher order supersymmetric quantum mechanics and obtain ground state wave functions.
We propose new superintegrable mechanical system on the complex projective space $\mathbb{CP}^N$ involving a potential term together with coupling to a constant magnetic fields. This system can be viewed as a $\mathbb{CP}^N$-analog of both the flat singular oscillator and its spherical analog known as "Rosochatius system". We find its constants of motion and calculate their (highly nonlinear) algebra. We also present its classical and quantum solutions. The system belongs to the class of "Kähler oscillators" admitting $SU(2|1)$ supersymmetric extension. We show that, in the absence of magnetic…
A family of classical superintegrable Hamiltonians, depending on an arbitrary radial function, which are defined on the 3D spherical, Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces as well as on the (2+1)D anti-de Sitter, Minkowskian and de Sitter spacetimes is constructed. Such systems admit three integrals of the motion (besides the Hamiltonian) which are explicitly given in terms of ambient and geodesic polar coordinates. The resulting expressions cover the six spaces in a unified way as these are parametrized by two contraction parameters that govern the curvature and the signature of the metric on each …
The Fock-Darwin system is analysed from the point of view of its symmetry properties in the quantum and classical frameworks. The quantum Fock-Darwin system is known to have two sets of ladder operators, a fact which guarantees its solvability. We show that for rational values of the quotient of two relevant frequencies, this system is superintegrable, the quantum symmetries being responsible for the degeneracy of the energy levels. These symmetries are of higher order and close a polynomial algebra. In the classical case, the ladder operators are replaced by ladder functions and the symmetrie…
A superintegrable system is, roughly speaking, a system that allows more integrals of motion than degrees of freedom. This review is devoted to finite dimensional classical and quantum superintegrable systems with scalar potentials and integrals of motion that are polynomials in the momenta. We present a classification of second-order superintegrable systems in two-dimensional Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian spaces. It is based on the study of the quadratic algebras of the integrals of motion and on the equivalence of different systems under coupling constant metamorphosis. The determining eq…
The rank-$1$ Racah algebra $R(3)$ plays a pivotal role in the theory of superintegrable systems. It appears as the symmetry algebra of the $3$-parameter system on the $2$-sphere from which all second-order conformally flat superintegrable models in $2$D can be obtained by means of suitable limits and contractions. A higher rank generalization of $R(3)$, the so-called rank $n-2$ Racah algebra $R(n)$, has been considered recently and showed to be the symmetry algebra of the general superintegrable model on the $(n-1)$-sphere. In the present work, we show that such an algebraic structure naturall…
New ladder operators are constructed for a rational extension of the harmonic oscillator associated with type III Hermite exceptional orthogonal polynomials and characterized by an even integer $m$. The eigenstates of the Hamiltonian separate into $m+1$ infinite-dimensional unitary irreducible representations of the corresponding polynomial Heisenberg algebra. These ladder operators are used to construct a higher-order integral of motion for two superintegrable two-dimensional systems separable in cartesian coordinates. The polynomial algebras of such systems provide for the first time an alge…
We prove the integrability and superintegrability of a family of natural Hamiltonians which includes and generalises those studied in some literature, originally defined on the 2D Minkowski space. Some of the new Hamiltonians are a perfect analogy of the well-known superintegrable system on the Euclidean plane proposed by Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz and they are defined on Minkowski space, as well as on all other 2D manifolds of constant curvature, Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian. We show also how the application of the coupling-constant-metamorphosis technique allows us to obtain new superin…
The isotropic Dunkl oscillator model in the plane is investigated. The model is defined by a Hamiltonian constructed from the combination of two independent parabosonic oscillators. The system is superintegrable and its symmetry generators are obtained by the Schwinger construction using parabosonic creation/annihilation operators. The algebra generated by the constants of motion, which we term the Schwinger-Dunkl algebra, is an extension of the Lie algebra u(2) with involutions. The system admits separation of variables in both Cartesian and polar coordinates. The separated wavefunctions are …
Type III multi-step rationally-extended harmonic oscillator and radial harmonic oscillator potentials, characterized by a set of $k$ integers $m_1$, $m_2$, \ldots, $m_k$, such that $m_1 < m_2 < \cdots < m_k$ with $m_i$ even (resp.\ odd) for $i$ odd (resp.\ even), are considered. The state-adding and state-deleting approaches to these potentials in a supersymmetric quantum mechanical framework are combined to construct new ladder operators. The eigenstates of the Hamiltonians are shown to separate into $m_k+1$ infinite-dimensional unitary irreducible representations of the corresponding polynom…
We give an explicit and concise formula for higher-degree polynomial first integrals of a family of Calogero-type Hamiltonian systems in dimension three. These first integrals, together with the already known ones, prove the maximal superintegrability of the systems.
A quantum superintegrable model with reflections on the $(n-1)$-sphere is presented. Its symmetry algebra is identified with the higher rank generalization of the Bannai-Ito algebra. It is shown that the Hamiltonian of the system can be constructed from the tensor product of $n$ representations of the superalgebra $\mathfrak{osp}(1|2)$ and that the superintegrability is naturally understood in that setting. The separated solutions are obtained through the Fischer decomposition and a Cauchy-Kovalevskaia extension theorem.
We introduce a new infinite class of superintegrable quantum systems in the plane. Their Hamiltonians involve reflection operators. The associated Schrödinger equations admit separation of variables in polar coordinates and are exactly solvable. The angular part of the wave function is expressed in terms of little -1 Jacobi polynomials. The spectra exhibit "accidental" degeneracies. The superintegrability of the model is proved using the recurrence relation approach. The (higher-order) constants of motion are constructed and the structure equations of the symmetry algebra obtained.
Recently the authors and J.M. Kress presented a special function recurrence relation method to prove quantum superintegrability of an integrable 2D system that included explicit constructions of higher order symmetries and the structure relations for the closed algebra generated by these symmetries. We applied the method to 5 families of systems, each depending on a rational parameter k, including most notably the caged anisotropic oscillator, the Tremblay, Turbiner and Winternitz system and a deformed Kepler-Coulomb system. Here we work out the analogs of these constructions for all of the as…
A quantum sl(2,R) coalgebra (with deformation parameter z) is shown to underly the construction of superintegrable Kepler potentials on 3D spaces of variable and constant curvature, that include the classical spherical, hyperbolic and (anti-)de Sitter spaces as well as their non-constant curvature analogues. In this context, the non-deformed limit z = 0 is identified with the flat contraction leading to the proper Euclidean and Minkowskian spaces/potentials. The corresponding Hamiltonians admit three constants of the motion coming from the coalgebra structure. Furthermore, maximal superintegra…
An infinite family of classical superintegrable Hamiltonians defined on the N-dimensional spherical, Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces are shown to have a common set of (2N-3) functionally independent constants of the motion. Among them, two different subsets of N integrals in involution (including the Hamiltonian) can always be explicitly identified. As particular cases, we recover in a straightforward way most of the superintegrability properties of the Smorodinsky-Winternitz and generalized Kepler-Coulomb systems on spaces of constant curvature and we introduce as well new classes of (quasi-m…
We introduce an extended Kepler-Coulomb quantum model in spherical coordinates. The Schrödinger equation of this Hamiltonian is solved in these coordinates and it is shown that the wave functions of the system can be expressed in terms of Laguerre, Legendre and exceptional Jacobi polynomials (of hypergeometric type). We construct ladder and shift operators based on the corresponding wave functions and obtain their recurrence formulas. These recurrence relations are used to construct higher-order, algebraically independent integrals of motion to prove superintegrability of the Hamiltonian. The …
The maximal superintegrability of the intrinsic harmonic oscillator potential on N-dimensional spaces with constant curvature is revisited from the point of view of sl(2)-Poisson coalgebra symmetry. It is shown how this algebraic approach leads to a straightforward definition of a new large family of quasi-maximally superintegrable perturbations of the intrinsic oscillator on such spaces. Moreover, the generalization of this construction to those N-dimensional spaces with non-constant curvature that are endowed with sl(2)-coalgebra symmetry is presented. As the first examples of the latter cla…
Superintegrable classical Hamiltonian systems in two-dimensional Euclidean space $E_2$ are explored. The study is restricted to Hamiltonians allowing separation of variables $V(x,y)=V_1(x)+V_2(y)$ in Cartesian coordinates. In particular, the Hamiltonian $\mathcal H$ admits a polynomial integral of order $N>2$. Only doubly exotic potentials are considered. These are potentials where none of their separated parts obey any linear ordinary differential equation. An improved procedure to calculate these higher-order superintegrable systems is described in detail. The two basic building blocks of th…
The aim of the present article is to construct quadratically integrable three dimensional systems in non-vanishing magnetic fields which possess so-called non-subgroup type integrals. The presence of such integrals means that the system possesses a pair of integrals of motion in involution which are (at most) quadratic in momenta and whose leading order terms, that are necessarily elements of the enveloping algebra of the Euclidean algebra, are not quadratic Casimir operators of a chain of its subalgebras. By imposing in addition that one of the integrals has the leading order term $L_z^2$ we …
In this paper we study the problem of uniqueness for spacelike hypersurfaces with constant higher order mean curvature in generalized Robertson-Walker (GRW) spacetimes. In particular, we consider the following question: Under what conditions must a compact spacelike hypersurface with constant higher order mean curvature in a spatially closed GRW spacetime be a spacelike slice? We prove that this happens, esentially, under the so called convergence condition. Our approach is based on the use of the Newton transformations (and their associated differential operators) and the Minkowski formulae f…
We study the existence of a non-spacelike isometry, ζ, in higher dimensional Kundt spacetimes with constant scalar curvature invariants (CSI). We present the particular forms for the null or timelike Killing vectors and a set of constraints for the metric functions in each case. Within the class of N dimensional CSI Kundt spacetimes, admitting a non-spacelike isometry, we determine which of these can admit a covariantly constant null vector that also satisfy ζ_{[a;b]} = 0.
The structure constants for Moyal brackets of an infinite basis of functions on the algebraic manifolds M of pseudo-unitary groups U(N_+,N_-) are provided. They generalize the Virasoro and W_\infty algebras to higher dimensions. The connection with volume-preserving diffeomorphisms on M, higher generalized-spin and tensor operator algebras of U(N_+,N_-) is discussed. These centrally-extended, infinite-dimensional Lie-algebras provide also the arena for non-linear integrable field theories in higher dimensions, residual gauge symmetries of higher-extended objects in the light-cone gauge and C^*…
