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arXiv 0907.4676astro-ph.EP
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在一个低质量行星的马蹄形阻力上。绝热盘中的II迁移

On the horseshoe drag of a low-mass planet. II Migration in adiabatic disks

F. S. Masset, J. Casoli

摘要:

我们评估马蹄形阻力施加在一个低质量的行星嵌入在一个气体盘,假设磁盘的流量在共轨区域是绝热的。我们限制这种分析的情况下,一个行星的圆形轨道,我们假设一个稳定的流动在共转框架。我们还假设U形转弯上游的共旋流是未扰动的,因此我们放弃了饱和效应。除了经典的表达式为马蹄阻力正压磁盘,其特点是涡度梯度跨共转,我们发现一个额外的长期的熵梯度的规模,其幅度取决于扰动压力的马蹄分界线的驻点。这个额外的扭矩施加的倏逝波发射在马蹄形分界线,作为马蹄形区域的不对称性的结果。它有一个陡峭的依赖势的软化长度,这表明在三维的情况下,效果可以是非常强的。我们描述的共轨区域的主要属性(生产的涡度在U形转弯,涡度片的外观在下游separatrices,和压力响应),我们给扭矩表达式适合于这种制度的迁移。副结果包括一个弱的,负反馈迁移,由于停滞点的位置上的迁移率的依赖性,和一个温和的增强涡度相关的扭矩在大熵梯度。

英文摘要:

We evaluate the horseshoe drag exerted on a low-mass planet embedded in a gaseous disk, assuming the disk's flow in the coorbital region to be adiabatic. We restrict this analysis to the case of a planet on a circular orbit, and we assume a steady flow in the corotating frame. We also assume that the corotational flow upstream of the U-turns is unperturbed, so that we discard saturation effects. In addition to the classical expression for the horseshoe drag in barotropic disks, which features the vortensity gradient across corotation, we find an additional term which scales with the entropy gradient, and whose amplitude depends on the perturbed pressure at the stagnation point of the horseshoe separatrices. This additional torque is exerted by evanescent waves launched at the horseshoe separatrices, as a consequence of an asymmetry of the horseshoe region. It has a steep dependence on the potential's softening length, suggesting that the effect can be extremely strong in the three dimensional case. We describe the main properties of the coorbital region (the production of vortensity during the U-turns, the appearance of vorticity sheets at the downstream separatrices, and the pressure response), and we give torque expressions suitable to this regime of migration. Side results include a weak, negative feed back on migration, due to the dependence of the location of the stagnation point on the migration rate, and a mild enhancement of the vortensity related torque at large entropy gradient.

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