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arXiv 0912.0964astro-ph.EP
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湍流等温盘中的原行星迁移

Protoplanetary migration in turbulent isothermal disks

C. Baruteau, D. N. C. Lin

摘要:

为了重现观测到的系外行星的统计特性,人口合成模型表明,原行星的迁移应该显着放缓,并且应该存在阻碍迁移的过程。因此,目前的许多理论工作都致力于寻找减缓、停止甚至逆转迁移的物理效应。这些研究中的许多依赖于马蹄形阻力,其长期演变(饱和或不饱和)是密切相关的层流盘模型中的磁盘粘度。我们研究如何施加在一个低质量的行星上的马蹄形阻力是改变了一个更现实的治疗的湍流在原行星盘。二维流体动力学模拟与湍流模型,再现三维磁流体动力学计算的主要湍流特性。我们发现,马蹄形阻力可以保持不饱和的长期,这取决于湍流强度。我们表明,由湍流的马蹄阻力的去饱和,可以模拟整个时间平均行星的马蹄区域的涡度扩散。在低湍流度下,运行时间平均扭矩与等效层流模型获得的总扭矩吻合良好,具有相似的涡度扩散系数。在高湍流,差异出现由于湍流的平均密度分布的时间演变。

英文摘要:

In order to reproduce the statistical properties of the observed exoplanets, population synthesis models have shown that the migration of protoplanets should be significantly slowed down, and that processes stalling migration should be at work. Much current theoretical efforts have thus been dedicated to find physical effects that slow down, halt or even reverse migration. Many of these studies rely on the horseshoe drag, whose long term-evolution (saturated or not) is intimately related to the disk viscosity in laminar disk models. We investigate how the horseshoe drag exerted on a low-mass planet is altered by a more realistic treatment of the turbulence in protoplanetary disks. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations are performed with a turbulence model that reproduces the main turbulence properties of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic calculations. We find that the horseshoe drag can remain unsaturated on the long term, depending on the turbulence strength. We show that the desaturation of the horseshoe drag by turbulence can be modeled by vortensity diffusion across the time-averaged planet's horseshoe region. At low-turbulence, the running-time averaged torque is in good agreement with the total torque obtained for an equivalent laminar model, with a similar vortensity's diffusion coefficient. At high-turbulence, differences arise due to the time-evolution of the averaged density profile with turbulence.

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