arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2003.02298astro-ph.EP
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辐射效应在原行星盘中行星开隙中的重要性

Importance of radiative effects in gap opening by planets in protoplanetary disks

Alexandros Ziampras, Wilhelm Kley, Cornelis P. Dullemond

摘要:

最近的ALMA观测显示,在几个年轻的II类天体中有同心环状结构。为了在这些系统中产生环和间隙,它们已经用一个嵌入的行星进行了数值模拟,假设局部等温状态方程。这通常是合理的观测目标的辐射为主的磁盘(约100 AU)的外部区域。我们测试这一假设进行流体动力学模拟嵌入式行星在薄的局部等温和辐射盘,模仿系统HD 163296和AS 209,以检查包括能量方程在一个看似局部等温的环境中的影响,就行星盘相互作用而言。我们发现,这样的磁盘与一个理想的状态方程建模产生的环和旋臂的对比度在磁盘的数量方面的差异。局部等温盘产生更尖锐的环形或方位角特征,并通过产生多个间隙而高估了单个行星的间隙打开能力。相比之下,辐射盘中的行星在典型的盘参数上刻出一个单一的间隙。因此,准确的半长轴约100天文单位的行星建模,辐射效应应考虑到即使在看似局部等温磁盘。此外,对于AS 209的情况下,我们发现,主要的差距是显着不同的局部等温和辐射模型。我们的研究结果表明,需要多个行星来解释这些系统中的环丰富的结构。

英文摘要:

Recent ALMA observations revealed concentric annular structures in several young class-II objects. In an attempt to produce the rings and gaps in some of these systems, they have been modeled numerically with a single embedded planet assuming a locally isothermal equation of state. This is often justified by observations targeting the irradiation-dominated outer regions of disks (approximately 100 au). We test this assumption by conducting hydrodynamics simulations of embedded planets in thin locally isothermal and radiative disks that mimic the systems HD 163296 and AS 209 in order to examine the effect of including the energy equation in a seemingly locally isothermal environment as far as planet-disk interaction is concerned. We find that modeling such disks with an ideal equation of state makes a difference in terms of the number of produced rings and the spiral arm contrast in the disk. Locally isothermal disks produce sharper annular or azimuthal features and overestimate a single planet's gap-opening capabilities by producing multiple gaps. In contrast, planets in radiative disks carve a single gap for typical disk parameters. Consequently, for accurate modeling of planets with semimajor axes up to about 100 au, radiative effects should be taken into account even in seemingly locally isothermal disks. In addition, for the case of AS 209, we find that the primary gap is significantly different between locally isothermal and radiative models. Our results suggest that multiple planets are required to explain the ring-rich structures in such systems.

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