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arXiv 1505.03392astro-ph.EP
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包括来自吸积行星的辐射反馈的原行星盘

Protoplanetary disks including radiative feedback from accreting planets

Matias Montesinos, Jorge Cuadra, Sebastian Perez, Clement Baruteau, Simon Casassus

摘要:

虽然最近的观测进展集中在检测由于嵌入的原行星的热发射的紧凑区域,需要进一步的理论预测,以了解行星形成辐射反馈的原行星盘的响应。这对于预测环行星际区域的可观测性特别重要。在这项工作中,我们使用2D流体动力学模拟研究的粘性原行星盘,其中一个发光的小行星质量的行星嵌入的演变。我们使用的能量方程,其中包括辐射加热的行星作为一个额外的机制,行星形成反馈。几个模型计算行星光度范围从$10^{-5}$到$10^{-3}$太阳光度。我们发现,行星的辐射反馈增强了磁盘的吸积率在行星的轨道半径,产生一个更热,更明亮的行星周围,独立的处方用于模拟磁盘的湍流粘度。我们还估计了我们的行星光度范围内的行星反馈的热签名,发现一个纯粹的主动盘,没有被动加热的发射光谱,在红外线明显修改。我们模拟了HD 100546周围的原行星盘,其中一颗行星伴星位于距离恒星约68 au处。假设该行星质量为5木星质量,光度为$\sim 2.5 \times 10^{-4} \, L_\odot$,我们发现该行星的辐射反馈使其$\sim 5$ au环行星盘的光度从$10^{-5} \, \rm L_\odot$(无反馈)增加到$10^{-3} \, \rm L_\odot$,对应于辐射传输计算后在$L^\prime$波段的$\sim 1 \, \rm mJy$的发射,该值与HD 100546 b的观测值吻合较好.

英文摘要:

While recent observational progress is converging on the detection of compact regions of thermal emission due to embedded protoplanets, further theoretical predictions are needed to understand the response of a protoplanetary disk to the planet formation radiative feedback. This is particularly important to make predictions for the observability of circumplanetary regions. In this work we use 2D hydrodynamical simulations to examine the evolution of a viscous protoplanetary disk in which a luminous Jupiter-mass planet is embedded. We use an energy equation which includes the radiative heating of the planet as an additional mechanism for planet formation feedback. Several models are computed for planet luminosities ranging from $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-3}$ Solar luminosities. We find that the planet radiative feedback enhances the disk's accretion rate at the planet's orbital radius, producing a hotter and more luminous environement around the planet, independently of the prescription used to model the disk's turbulent viscosity. We also estimate the thermal signature of the planet feedback for our range of planet luminosities, finding that the emitted spectrum of a purely active disk, without passive heating, is appreciably modified in the infrared. We simulate the protoplanetary disk around HD 100546 where a planet companion is located at about 68 au from the star. Assuming the planet mass is 5 Jupiter masses and its luminosity is $\sim 2.5 \times 10^{-4} \, L_\odot$, we find that the radiative feedback of the planet increases the luminosity of its $\sim 5$ au circumplanetary disk from $10^{-5} \, \rm L_\odot$ (without feedback) to $10^{-3} \, \rm L_\odot$, corresponding to an emission of $\sim 1 \, \rm mJy$ in $L^\prime$ band after radiative transfer calculations, a value that is in good agreement with HD 100546b observations.

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