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arXiv 1006.2135astro-ph.EP
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行星迁移:有表面原行星的自引力辐射流体动力学模型

Planet migration: self-gravitating radiation hydrodynamical models of protoplanets with surfaces

Ben A. Ayliffe, Matthew R. Bate

摘要:

利用三维自引力辐射流体动力学(RHD)模型计算了层流最小质量太阳星云盘中原行星的径向迁移率。原行星可以自由迁移,因此它们的迁移率被测量。对于低质量的原行星(10-50 M_ \oplus),我们发现在局域等温模型和RHD模型之间,迁移时间尺度增加了一个数量级。在高质量区,迁移率变化很小。这些结果是通过在局部等温模型中计算迁移率得出的,然后依次引入自引力和辐射转移,使我们能够隔离附加物理的影响。我们发现,使用局部等温状态方程,没有自引力,我们重现了以前的分析和数值模型获得的迁移率。我们探讨了不同的原行星模型的影响,并改变其假设的半径,迁移。自引力的引入使迁移率略有降低,而惯性质量问题,这已被提出的高质量原行星与环行星盘,再现。在引入辐射转移到低质量原行星模型(\approx 10 M_ \oplus),模拟为小半径吸积点质量,我们发现向外迁移的速度约为两倍的分析向内速率。然而,当以更现实的方式模拟这样一颗原行星时,它的表面可以形成一个深的包层,这种向外的迁移是看不到的。

英文摘要:

We calculate radial migration rates of protoplanets in laminar minimum mass solar nebula discs using three-dimensional self-gravitating radiation hydrodynamical (RHD) models. The protoplanets are free to migrate, whereupon their migration rates are measured. For low mass protoplanets (10-50 M_\oplus) we find increases in the migration timescales of up to an order of magnitude between locally-isothermal and RHD models. In the high-mass regime the migration rates are changed very little. These results are arrived at by calculating migration rates in locally-isothermal models, before sequentially introducing self-gravity, and radiative transfer, allowing us to isolate the effects of the additional physics. We find that using a locally-isothermal equation of state, without self-gravity, we reproduce the migration rates obtained by previous analytic and numerical models. We explore the impact of different protoplanet models, and changes to their assumed radii, upon migration. The introduction of self-gravity gives a slight reduction of the migration rates, whilst the inertial mass problem, which has been proposed for high mass protoplanets with circumplanetary discs, is reproduced. Upon introducing radiative transfer to models of low mass protoplanets (\approx 10 M_\oplus), modelled as small radius accreting point masses, we find outward migration with a rate of approximately twice the analytic inward rate. However, when modelling such a protoplanet in a more realistic manner, with a surface which enables the formation of a deep envelope, this outward migration is not seen.

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